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  • MDPI AG  (7)
  • English  (7)
  • 2015-2019  (7)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Comparing the Protection Imparted by Different Fraction Extracts of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) against Der p–Induced Allergic Airway Inflammation in Mice
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 20, No. 19 ( 2019-10-01), p. 4879-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 20, No. 19 ( 2019-10-01), p. 4879-
    Abstract: Garlic (Allium sativum L.) has been used extensively as a food ingredient and medicinally, but the effect on asthmatic airway inflammation has not been studied in detail. We accordingly explored the protective effects exerted by various garlic fraction extracts against airway inflammation with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p)–induced allergic asthma in vivo and in vitro. Garlic extraction was realized using n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethylacetate, n-butanol, and water in sequence to obtain different fraction extracts. Mice were orally administered different fractions (80 mg/kg) daily for four weeks. The histological results showed that the water fraction could ameliorate lung-based goblet cell hyperplasia, inflammatory cell infiltration, and mucus hypersecretion. The water fraction extracts decreased IgE and IgG1, and they decreased inflammatory cells as quantified in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF); however, they increased IgG2a in serum. Moreover, the water fraction extracts increased IFN-γ and IL-12 (both constituting Th1 cytokines) in BALF, but they reduced IL-13, -4, and -5 (all constituting Th2 cytokines), and also inhibited the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. The water fraction also inhibited the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signal pathways in A549 cells. These findings suggest that water fraction extracts of garlic have a clear anti-inflammatory effect on Der p–induced allergic asthma.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194879
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Association between the First Occurrence of Asthma and Residential Greenness in Children and Teenagers in Taiwan
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 16, No. 12 ( 2019-06-12), p. 2076-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 16, No. 12 ( 2019-06-12), p. 2076-
    Abstract: Green spaces have benefits but may also increase the risk of allergic disease. This study examined the association between the first occurrence of asthma and greenness exposure in children and teenagers. We conducted a 1:1 matched case-control study matched by sex, age, and the first diagnosis year with 7040 eligible subjects from a systematic sampling cohort database in Taiwan from 2001 to 2013. A normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) value ≥0.4 was used as the criterion to determine the green space. The green cover images were then transformed to the green coverage rate in the township surrounding the residential areas of the asthma and control subjects. Conditional logistic regression analyses demonstrated that a significantly increased risk of asthma in preschool children was associated with the surrounding greenness after adjusting for urbanization level, frequency of healthcare provider visits, mean township family income, CO, NOx, and PM2.5. The risk of asthma occurrence increased significantly with increasing greenness exposure (p-trend 〈 0.05). Nevertheless, exposure to the highest greenness levels (81–100%) was not associated with a significantly higher risk of asthma occurrence than was exposure to the lowest values (0–20%) of greenness. This study suggests that green space design should consider more effective methods of reducing the allergy impact.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16122076
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Streamlined Membrane Proteome Preparation for Shotgun Proteomics Analysis with Triton X-100 Cloud Point Extraction and Nanodiamond Solid Phase Extraction
    MDPI AG ; 2016
    In:  Materials Vol. 9, No. 5 ( 2016-05-18), p. 385-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 5 ( 2016-05-18), p. 385-
    Abstract: While mass spectrometry (MS) plays a key role in proteomics research, characterization of membrane proteins (MP) by MS has been a challenging task because of the presence of a host of interfering chemicals in the hydrophobic protein extraction process, and the low protease digestion efficiency. We report a sample preparation protocol, two-phase separation with Triton X-100, induced by NaCl, with coomassie blue added for visualizing the detergent-rich phase, which streamlines MP preparation for SDS-PAGE analysis of intact MP and shot-gun proteomic analyses. MP solubilized in the detergent-rich milieu were then sequentially extracted and fractionated by surface-oxidized nanodiamond (ND) at three pHs. The high MP affinity of ND enabled extensive washes for removal of salts, detergents, lipids, and other impurities to ensure uncompromised ensuing purposes, notably enhanced proteolytic digestion and down-stream mass spectrometric (MS) analyses. Starting with a typical membranous cellular lysate fraction harvested with centrifugation/ultracentrifugation, MP purities of 70%, based on number (not weight) of proteins identified by MS, was achieved; the weight-based purity can be expected to be much higher.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma9050385
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Influence of Annealing Temperature on Weak-Cavity Top-Emission Red Quantum Dot Light Emitting Diode
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Nanomaterials Vol. 9, No. 11 ( 2019-11-19), p. 1639-
    Details
    In: Nanomaterials, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 11 ( 2019-11-19), p. 1639-
    Abstract: In this report, we show that the annealing temperature in QDs/Mg-doped ZnO film plays a very important role in determining QLEDs performance. Measurements of capacitance and single carrier device reveal that the change of the device efficiency with different annealing temperatures is related to the balance of both electron and hole injection. A comparison of annealing temperatures shows that the best performance is demonstrated with 150 °C-annealing temperature. With the improved charge injection and charge balance, a maximum current efficiency of 24.81 cd/A and external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 20.09% are achievable in our red top-emission QLEDs with weak microcavity structure.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-4991
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nano9111639
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662255-5
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Prognostic Roles of Pretreatment Circulating Tumor Cells, Circulating Cancer Stem-Like Cells, and Programmed Cell Death-1 Expression on Peripheral Lymphocytes in Patients with Initially Unresectable, Recurrent or Metastatic Head and Neck Cancer: An Exploratory Study of Three Biomarkers in One-time Blood Drawing
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Cancers Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2019-04-15), p. 540-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2019-04-15), p. 540-
    Abstract: Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and immune status are strongly related to cancer prognosis, although few studies have examined both factors. This prospective observational study (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02420600) evaluated whether CTCs, circulating cancer stem-like cells (cCSCs), and peripheral lymphocytes with/without Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) expression were associated with prognosis among patients receiving palliative chemotherapy for initially unresectable, recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (rmHNSCC). Thirty-four patients were enrolled between January 2015 and June 2016. Overall survival (OS) was associated with a higher CTC number (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.01, p = 0.0004) and cCSC ratio (HR: 29.903, p 〈 0.0001). Progression-free survival (PFS) was also associated with CTC number (HR: 1.013, p = 0.002) and cCSC ratio (HR: 10.92, p = 0.003). A CD8+ proportion of ≥ 17% was associated with improved OS (HR: 0.242, p = 0.004). A CD4: CD8 ratio of 〉 1.2 was associated with poorer trend of PFS (HR: 2.12, p = 0.064). PD-1 expression was not associated with survival outcomes. Baseline CTCs, cCSC ratio, and CD8+ ratio may predict prognosis in rmHNSCC.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers11040540
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    School Nurses’ Perceptions, Knowledge, and Related Factors Associated with Evidence-Based Practice in Taiwan
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 15, No. 9 ( 2018-08-27), p. 1845-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 9 ( 2018-08-27), p. 1845-
    Abstract: The implementation of evidence-based practice (EBP) in health care has been focused mainly on hospital settings and there is little research on EBP adoption and implementation among school nurses in Taiwan. This study aimed to determine primary school nurses’ perceptions regarding EBP and to explore the factors that influence EBP in Taiwan. A cross-sectional design was used and the School Nurse Evidence-Based Practice Questionnaire was developed to collect data. A total of 2679 elementary school nurses in Taiwan were invited to participate in this study, and 1200 completed questionnaires were returned, with a 45% response rate. Participants’ mean age was 37.5 (range: 31–62) years and the mean duration of employment as a school nurse was 8.4 (range: 1–20) years. The majority of participants had a Bachelor’s degree (56%). The results revealed that participants had insufficient EBP knowledge and skills. However, they had a positive attitude toward and moderate self-efficacy in EBP. The demographic data positively correlated with knowledge, attitudes, skills, self-efficacy, and influencing factors. Certain influencing factors were highlighted. As school nurses play a crucial role in promoting children’s health, they ought to embrace EBP so as to provide more effective services. School organization should play a supportive role with regard to EBP implementation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15091845
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Differing Spontaneous Brain Activity in Healthy Adults with Two Different Body Constitutions: A Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 8, No. 7 ( 2019-06-30), p. 951-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 7 ( 2019-06-30), p. 951-
    Abstract: Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) practitioners assess body constitution (BC) as a treatment basis for maintaining body homeostasis. We investigated patterns in spontaneous brain activity in different BC groups using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) and determined the relationship between these patterns and quality of life (QOL). Thirty-two healthy individuals divided into two groups (body constitution questionnaire (BCQ)-gentleness [BCQ-G] and BCQ-deficiency [BCQ-D] ) based on the body constitution questionnaire (BCQ) underwent rsfMRI to analyze regional homogeneity (ReHo) and the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF). The World Health Organization Quality of Life Instruments (brief edition) scale was used to evaluate the QOL. The BCQ-G group (n = 18) had significantly greater ReHo values in the right postcentral gyrus and lower ALFF values in the brainstem than the BCQ-D group (n = 14). In the BCQ-D group, decreased ReHo of the postcentral gyrus correlated with better physiological functioning; increased ALFF in the brainstem correlated with poor QOL. BCQ-subgroup analysis revealed a nonsignificant correlation between ReHo and Yang deficiency/phlegm and stasis (Phl & STA). Nonetheless, the BCQ-D group showed a positive correlation between ALFF and Phl & STA in the parahippocampus. This study identified differences between BCQ-G and BCQ-D types of healthy adults based on the rsfMRI analysis. The different BCQ types with varied brain endophenotypes may elucidate individualized TCM treatment strategies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm8070951
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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