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  • MDPI AG  (66)
  • English  (66)
  • 2020-2024  (66)
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  • MDPI AG  (66)
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  • English  (66)
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  • 2020-2024  (66)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Enhanced Durability of AgCu Nanoparticle Coatings for Antibacterial Nonwoven Air Conditioner Filters
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Molecules Vol. 28, No. 14 ( 2023-07-16), p. 5446-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 28, No. 14 ( 2023-07-16), p. 5446-
    Abstract: Antibacterial nonwoven fabrics, incorporated with Ag, have been applied as masks and air conditioner filters to prevent the spread of disease from airborne respiratory pathogens. In this work, we present a comparison study of Ag ions: Ag and AgCu nanoparticles (NPs) coated onto nonwoven fabrics intended for use as air conditioner antibacterial filters. We illustrate their color changes and durability running in air conditioners using antibacterial activity testing and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopic (XPS) analysis. We found that AgCu NPs showed the best antibacterial efficacy and durability. XPS analysis indicated that the Ag concentration, on both the AgCu and Ag- NP-coated fibers, changed little. On the contrary, the Ag concentration on Ag ion-coated fibers decreased by ~30%, and the coated NPs aggregated over time. The color change in AgCu NP-coated fabric, from yellow to white, is caused by oxide shell formation over the NPs, with nearly 46% oxidized silver. Our results, both from antibacterial evaluation and wind blowing tests, indicate that AgCu NP-coated fibers have higher durability, while Ag ion-coated fibers have little durability in such applications. The enhanced durability of the AgCu NP-coated antibacterial fabrics can be attributed to stronger NP–fiber interactions and greater ion release.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145446
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    1,3-Pentadiene-Assistant Living Anionic Terpolymerization: Composition Impact on Kinetics and Microstructure Sequence Primary Analysis
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Polymers Vol. 15, No. 9 ( 2023-05-05), p. 2191-
    Details
    In: Polymers, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 9 ( 2023-05-05), p. 2191-
    Abstract: The combination of a living anionic technology and a unique alternating strategy provided an exciting opportunity to prepare novel and well-defined poly(1,3-pentadiene-co-syrene-co-1,1-diphenylethylene) resins consisting of three alternating sequences of modules (A/B/C zwitterions). “A” being Styrene (St)/1,3-pentadiene (PD), “B” being diphenylethylene (DPE)/PD, “A” being DPE/St, respectively, A wide composition range of new polyolefin resins, i.e., poly (A-co-B), poly (A-co-C), and poly (B-co-C), with controlled molecular weight and very narrow molecular weight and composition distributions have been prepared by a one-pot living characteristic method. In the section of kinetic analysis, the terpolymer yields and kinetic parameters were strongly dependent on the feed/comonomer ratio as well as the content of the alternating structure. The competition copolymerization behaviors of A/B, B/C, and A/C were studied in detail in this work. By contrast, the microstructure and the thermal property of the resulting terpolymer were investigated via Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. The results of 1H NMR tracking the change of [Aromatic ring]/[C=C] value indicated the distinctive copolymer-ization behavior of the selective “alternating-modules”. The glass transition temperature (Tg) was very sensitive to the terpolymer composition. By contrast to poly(A-ran-B) with only one obvious Tg, there were two Tgs in the A/C and B/C copolymerization cases. Moreover, the desirable high Tg ~ 140 °C resin was limited to the terpolymers with up to 50 mol % DPE. Finally, the “ABC-X” mechanism was proposed to interpret the unique terpolymerization behavior, which belongs to the classical “bond-forming initiation” theory.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4360
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/polym15092191
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527146-5
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Modifying Precursor Solutions to Obtain Screen-Printable Inks for Tungsten Oxides Electrochromic Film Preparation
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Coatings Vol. 11, No. 8 ( 2021-07-22), p. 872-
    Details
    In: Coatings, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 8 ( 2021-07-22), p. 872-
    Abstract: Tungsten trioxide (WO3) is used to prepare the important electrochromic layer of the electrochromic device as a wide bandgap semiconductor material. In this study, WO3 electrochromic film was successfully prepared by screen printing. To modify the thixotropy and wettability of the ink, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and 2-perfluoroalkyl ethanol (FSO) were added in the ammonium meta-tungstate (AMT) solution. We found that the PVA additive could improve the dynamic viscosity of the solution and modify the uniformity of the film. 2-Perfluoroalkyl ethanol (FSO) could lower the surface tension and increase the wettability of the AMT solution on the substrate. By observing the morphology of the printed films, the ink formulas for screen printing were selected. We found the annealing process could help remove PVA. Through characterization of electrochromic performance, it was found that the best performing device had 42.57% modulation and 93.25 cm2·C−1 coloration efficiency (CE) for 600 nm light. This study showed great potential in the preparation of WO3 electrochromic devices by a low-cost screen-printing method.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-6412
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/coatings11080872
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662314-6
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Recycling and Reutilizing Polymer Waste via Electrospun Micro/Nanofibers: A Review
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Nanomaterials Vol. 12, No. 10 ( 2022-05-13), p. 1663-
    Details
    In: Nanomaterials, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 10 ( 2022-05-13), p. 1663-
    Abstract: The accumulation of plastic waste resulting from the increasing demand for non-degradable plastics has led to a global environmental crisis. The severe environmental and economic drawbacks of inefficient, expensive, and impractical traditional waste disposal methods, such as landfills, incineration, plastic recycling, and energy production, limit the expansion of their applications to solving the plastic waste problem. Finding novel ways to manage the large amount of disposed plastic waste is urgent. Until now, one of the most valuable strategies for the handling of plastic waste has been to reutilize the waste as raw material for the preparation of functional and high-value products. Electrospun micro/nanofibers have drawn much attention in recent years due to their advantages of small diameter, large specific area, and excellent physicochemical features. Thus, electrospinning recycled plastic waste into micro/nanofibers creates diverse opportunities to deal with the environmental issue caused by the growing accumulation of plastic waste. This paper presents a review of recycling and reutilizing polymer waste via electrospinning. Firstly, the advantages of the electrospinning approach to recycling plastic waste are summarized. Then, the studies of electrospun recycled plastic waste are concluded. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives of electrospun recycled plastic waste are provided. In conclusion, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of electrospun recycled plastic waste for researchers to develop further studies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-4991
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nano12101663
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662255-5
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Response of Intestinal Microbiota to the Variation in Diets in Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Metabolites Vol. 12, No. 11 ( 2022-11-15), p. 1115-
    Details
    In: Metabolites, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 11 ( 2022-11-15), p. 1115-
    Abstract: The intestinal microbiota is important for the nutrient metabolism of fish and is significantly influenced by the host’s diet. The effect of ryegrass and commercial diets on the intestinal microbiota of grass carp was compared in this study. In comparison to ryegrass, artificial feed significantly reduced the microbial diversity in the intestine, which was measured by a decrease in the observed OTUs, ACE, Shannon, and the InvSimpson index. Although grass carp fed with ryegrass and artificial feed shared a dominant phyla Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, the microbial composition was clearly distinguishable between the two groups. In grass carp fed with ryegrass, Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, and Actinobacteria predominated, whereas Bacilli was significantly higher in the artificial feed group due to an increase in Weissella and an unassigned Bacillales bacteria, as well as a significant increase in a potential pathogen: Aeromonas australiensis. Grass carp fed with ryegrass exhibited a more complex ecological network performed by the intestinal bacterial community, which was dominated by cooperative interactions; this was also observed in grass carp fed with artificial feed. Despite this, the increase in A. australiensis increased the competitive interaction within this ecological network, which contributed to the vulnerable perturbation of the intestinal microbiota. The alteration of the microbial composition through diet can further affect microbial function. The intestinal microbial function in grass carp fed with ryegrass was rich in amino acids and exhibited an increased energy metabolism in order to compensate for a low-nutrient diet intake, while the artificial feed elevated the microbial lipid metabolism through the promotion of its synthesis in the primary and secondary bile acids, together with a notable enhancement of fatty acid biosynthesis. These results indicated that diet can affect the homeostasis of the intestinal microbiota by altering the microbial composition and the interspecific interactions, whilst microbial function can respond to a variation in diet.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2218-1989
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/metabo12111115
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662251-8
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of Ce-Modified TiN Inclusions on the Fatigue Properties of Gear Steel 20CrMnTi
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Crystals Vol. 13, No. 7 ( 2023-07-07), p. 1071-
    Details
    In: Crystals, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 7 ( 2023-07-07), p. 1071-
    Abstract: In this paper, the results of a study on the influences of different morphologies, types, and sizes of inclusions on the fatigue lives of 20CrMnTi are reported. The results show that the addition of the rare earth element Ce can lead to the formation of spherical CeAlO3-TiN inclusions in 20CrMnTi. The fatigue performance of 20CrMnTi-Ce was significantly improved compared to that of 20CrMnTi. Using the “edge-to-edge matching” crystallographic theory, CeAlO3 was validated as a suitable hetero-nucleus core for TiN, and the following best orientation relationships between them were determined: [010]TiN//[21¯1¯1] CeAlO3 & (002) TiN//(112¯1)CeAlO3. The fatigue cycle times of 20CrMnTi-Ce range up to 107, and this value is higher than that of 20CrMnTi without Ce. As the size of the TiN inclusions increases, the maximum stress of the steel matrix also increases. Also, the high-stress and low-life regions noticeably increase, thus increasing the possibility of a fatigue fracture. Under the same sizes of inclusions, the high-stress and low-life regions of square TiN are larger than those of circular TiN.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4352
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cryst13071071
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661516-2
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Low-Cost Drive and Detection Scheme for Electrowetting Display
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Processes Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 2023-02-15), p. 586-
    Details
    In: Processes, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 2023-02-15), p. 586-
    Abstract: The electrowetting display (EWD) has obtained much attention as its readability in sunlight and flexible displays. Oil motion control is an important factor for the display performance of EWD. In this paper, we propose a low-cost drive and detection scheme for EWD. The dynamic drive and detection scheme for EWD consists of a low-cost camera, computer and graphical detection system, and portable driving control system. The proposed scheme can detect oil leaking, splitting, and non-recovered defects successfully. Moreover, surface defects such as the hydrophobic layer burned and scratch can also be captured and analyzed by the proposed scheme. We hope that this scheme can provide a drive and detection platform for other EWD researchers.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9717
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/pr11020586
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720994-5
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Optimization of Destressing Parameters of Water Jet Slits in Rock Burst Coal Seams for Deep Mining
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Processes Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2023-03-31), p. 1056-
    Details
    In: Processes, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2023-03-31), p. 1056-
    Abstract: Mining in deep coal seams is characterized by high ground stress, often accompanied by coal and rock dynamic disasters such as rock bursts. High-pressure water jet slotting technology can relieve pressure and reduce the stress concentration on the coal seam, which is one of the effective pressure relief measures in rock burst coal seams for deep mining. Reasonable pressure relief parameters are an important influence on the effectiveness of pressure relief achieved by a high-pressure water jet. This paper uses theoretical analysis and numerical simulation to analyze the principle of high-pressure water jet pressure relief and rock burst prevention, and a theoretical calculation model of six key pressure relief parameters is constructed. The optimal values of each pressure relief parameter are obtained, and good pressure relief effect is achieved in a certain rock burst risk area. The research results showed that (1) parameters such as drilling spacing–slit radius, drilling depth–slit length, and slotting cutting spacing–slotting cutting width have a great influence on the pressure relief effect, and there is a significant interaction between the parameters, while the strength of the coal seam also has a significant effect on the selection of the parameters and the pressure relief effect. (2) The displacement, vertical stress, plastic zone, elastic energy, impact risk index, and the cost of pressure relief can be used to comprehensively evaluate the quality and economy of the pressure relief effect, and the optimal pressure relief parameters of high-pressure water jet slotting under specific physical force properties of the coal seam can be obtained. (3) High-pressure water jet technology with optimal pressure relief parameters was applied to No. 3 connecting the roadway in the 730 mining area of a mine studied, and field monitoring showed that indicators such as microseismic frequency, total energy, and spatial concentration significantly decreased. Moreover, the accuracy of the theoretical model of high-pressure water jet slotting pressure relief parameter optimization is reliable in the relevant technical parameters of coal seam slotting. It is believed that the model can be used to design the high-pressure water jet slotting pressure relief parameters in deep rock burst coal seams.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9717
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/pr11041056
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720994-5
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Adsorption of Multi-Collector on Long-Flame Coal Surface via Density Functional Theory Calculation and Molecular Dynamics Simulation
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Processes Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2023-09-17), p. 2775-
    Details
    In: Processes, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2023-09-17), p. 2775-
    Abstract: The quantum chemical properties of long-flame coal (LFC) and collectors (kerosene, diesel, diethyl phthalate (DEP), biodiesel collector (BDC), and emulsified biodiesel collector (EBDC)) were analyzed via the density functional theory (DFT). The molecular dynamics (MD) of the coal–collector–water system and the adsorption of collectors on LFC were conducted based on the first principles. The results showed that the frontier molecular orbitals of kerosene, diesel, DEP, and BDC were 0.38 eV, 0.28 eV, 0.27 eV, and 0.20 eV, respectively. The chemical reactivity order of the above mentioned collectors was BDC 〉 DEP 〉 diesel 〉 kerosene. Kerosene, diesel, and DEP adsorbed with carbonyl, hydroxyl, and carboxyl groups in LFC, respectively. Carboxyl groups in BDC and carboxyl groups in LFC bilaterally adsorbed, while BDC repelled water molecules via hydrogen bonds on the LFC surface. In the systems of BDC and EBDC, the diffusion coefficients of a water molecule were 2.83 × 10−4 cm2/s and 3.73 × 10−4 cm2/s. The emulsifier that adsorbed onto the oil–water interface of the coal–BDC–water system improved the dispersion of BDC during flotation, while at the same time increasing the number of hydrogen bonds between BDC and LFC, which accelerated the migration of water molecules from the LFC surface.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9717
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/pr11092775
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720994-5
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Volume Fracturing Percolation Model for Tight Reservoir Vertical Wells
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Processes Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2023-08-28), p. 2575-
    Details
    In: Processes, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2023-08-28), p. 2575-
    Abstract: Based on the non-linear seepage characteristics of tight reservoirs and the reconstruction mode of vertical wells with actual volume fracturing, a seven-area percolation model for volume fracturing vertical wells in tight reservoirs is established. Laplace transform and Pedrosa transform are applied to obtain analytical solutions of bottom hole pressure and vertical well production under a constant production regime. After verifying the correctness of the model, the influence of the fracture network parameters on the pressure and production is studied. The research results indicate that as the permeability modulus increases, the production of volume fracturing vertical wells decreases. The penetration ratio of the main crack and the half-length of the main crack have a small impact on production, while the diversion capacity of the main crack has a significant impact on the initial production, but it is ultimately limited by the effective volume of the transformation. Under constant pressure conditions, the greater the width and permeability of the ESRV region, the higher the vertical well production rate is. The smaller the aspect ratio of the ESRV region, the higher the mid-term yield and the faster the yield decrease. The research results show guiding significance for the design of vertical well volume fracturing in tight reservoirs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9717
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/pr11092575
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720994-5
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