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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    Climate Variability and Change in South America: ENSO, Decadal Variability and Climate Change in South America: Trends, Teleconnections, and Potential Impacts; Guayaquil, Ecuador, 12–14 October 2010
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2010
    In:  Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union Vol. 91, No. 49 ( 2010-12-07), p. 473-473
    Details
    In: Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 91, No. 49 ( 2010-12-07), p. 473-473
    Abstract: El Niño and the Southern Oscillation (ENSO) have profound effects on South American climate. Warm ENSO events (El Niños) and cold ENSO events (La Niñas), which occur on year‐to‐year time scales, are associated with droughts, floods, and other extreme weather events across the continent. Anthropogenic greenhouse gas warming of the planet will also likely have a profound effect on South America, through both gradual shifts in the baseline climate and increases in extreme events, including possible changes in the ENSO cycle. There are indications that climate change may already be having an impact in South America, with temperature trends observed in the Galápagos and in the altiplano of the northern Andes and in the shrinking of tropical mountain glaciers. There has also been a shift in the behavior of El Niño, with an increased tendency for warm sea surface temperature anomalies to be concentrated in the central Pacific rather than in the eastern Pacific during the past 2 decades. These central Pacific (or “Modoki,” which means “similar but different” in Japanese) El Niños have a different signature than eastern Pacific El Niños in terms of teleconnection patterns on weather variability in South America and in terms of effects on marine ecosystems and fisheries along the west coast of the continent. However, the instrumental climate record is relatively short, and many of the observed trends could simply be the result of natural decadal climate variability that is unresolved in observations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0096-3941 , 2324-9250
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2010EO490006
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2010
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  • 2
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    Seasonal Mixed Layer Heat Balance of the Southwestern Tropical Indian Ocean*
    American Meteorological Society ; 2010
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 23, No. 4 ( 2010-02-15), p. 947-965
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 23, No. 4 ( 2010-02-15), p. 947-965
    Abstract: Sea surface temperature (SST) in the southwestern tropical Indian Ocean exerts a significant influence on global climate through its influence on the Indian summer monsoon and Northern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation. In this study, measurements from a long-term moored buoy are used in conjunction with satellite, in situ, and atmospheric reanalysis datasets to analyze the seasonal mixed layer heat balance in the thermocline ridge region of the southwestern tropical Indian Ocean. This region is characterized by a shallow mean thermocline (90 m, as measured by the 20°C isotherm) and pronounced seasonal cycles of Ekman pumping and SST (seasonal ranges of −0.1 to 0.6 m day−1 and 26°–29.5°C, respectively). It is found that surface heat fluxes and horizontal heat advection contribute significantly to the seasonal cycle of mixed layer heat storage. The net surface heat flux tends to warm the mixed layer throughout the year and is strongest during boreal fall and winter, when surface shortwave radiation is highest and latent heat loss is weakest. Horizontal heat advection provides warming during boreal summer and fall, when southwestward surface currents and horizontal SST gradients are strongest, and is close to zero during the remainder of the year. Vertical turbulent mixing, estimated as a residual in the heat balance, also undergoes a significant seasonal cycle. Cooling from this term is strongest in boreal summer, when surface wind and buoyancy forcing are strongest, the thermocline ridge is shallow ( & lt;90 m), and the mixed layer is deepening. These empirical results provide a framework for addressing intraseasonal and interannual climate variations, which are dynamically linked to the seasonal cycle, in the southwestern tropical Indian Ocean. They also provide a quantitative basis for assessing the accuracy of numerical ocean model simulations in the region.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1520-0442 , 0894-8755
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/2009JCLI3268.1
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2010
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  • 3
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    The NCEP GODAS Ocean Analysis of the Tropical Pacific Mixed Layer Heat Budget on Seasonal to Interannual Time Scales
    American Meteorological Society ; 2010
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 23, No. 18 ( 2010-09-15), p. 4901-4925
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 23, No. 18 ( 2010-09-15), p. 4901-4925
    Abstract: The mixed layer heat budget in the tropical Pacific is diagnosed using pentad (5 day) averaged outputs from the Global Ocean Data Assimilation System (GODAS), which is operational at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). The GODAS is currently used by the NCEP Climate Prediction Center (CPC) to monitor and to understand El Niño and La Niña in near real time. The purpose of this study is to assess the feasibility of using an operational ocean data assimilation system to understand SST variability. The climatological mean and seasonal cycle of mixed layer heat budgets derived from GODAS agree reasonably well with previous observational and model-based estimates. However, significant differences and biases were noticed. Large biases were found in GODAS zonal and meridional currents, which contributed to biases in the annual cycle of zonal and meridional advective heat fluxes. The warming due to tropical instability waves in boreal fall is severely underestimated owing to use of a 4-week data assimilation window. On interannual time scales, the GODAS heat budget closure is good for weak-to-moderate El Niños. A composite for weak-to-moderate El Niños suggests that zonal and meridional temperature advection and vertical entrainment/diffusion all contributed to the onset of the event and that zonal advection played the dominant role during decay of the event and the transition to La Niña. The net surface heat flux acts as a damping during the development stage, but plays a critical role in the decay of El Niño and the transition to the following La Niña. The GODAS heat budget closure is generally poor for strong La Niñas. Despite the biases, the GODAS heat budget analysis tool is useful in monitoring and understanding the physical processes controlling SST variability associated with ENSO. Therefore, it has been implemented operationally at CPC in support of NOAA’s ENSO forecasting.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1520-0442 , 0894-8755
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/2010JCLI3373.1
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2010
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  • 4
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    Increasing intensity of El Niño in the central-equatorial Pacific : INCREASING INTENSITY OF EL NIÑO
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2010
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters Vol. 37, No. 14 ( 2010-07), p. n/a-n/a
    Details
    In: Geophysical Research Letters, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 37, No. 14 ( 2010-07), p. n/a-n/a
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0094-8276
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2010GL044007
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2010
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 7403-2
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 5
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    Scientific Integrity: The Need for Government Standards
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2010
    In:  Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union Vol. 91, No. 47 ( 2010-11-23), p. 443-443
    Details
    In: Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 91, No. 47 ( 2010-11-23), p. 443-443
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0096-3941 , 2324-9250
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2010EO470003
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2010
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  • 6
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    Decadal variability of the Pacific subtropical cells and their influence on the southeast Indian Ocean : DECADAL VARIABILITY OF THE PACIFIC STCS
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2010
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters Vol. 37, No. 9 ( 2010-05), p. n/a-n/a
    Details
    In: Geophysical Research Letters, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 37, No. 9 ( 2010-05), p. n/a-n/a
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0094-8276
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2010GL042796
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2010
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  • 7
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    Interaction between the Atlantic meridional and Niño modes : ATLANTIC MERIDIONAL-NIÑO INTERACTION
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2010
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters Vol. 37, No. 18 ( 2010-09), p. n/a-n/a
    Details
    In: Geophysical Research Letters, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 37, No. 18 ( 2010-09), p. n/a-n/a
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0094-8276
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2010GL044001
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2010
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 7403-2
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  • 8
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    Mooring observations and numerical modeling of thermal structures in the South China Sea
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2010
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans Vol. 115, No. C10 ( 2010-10)
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 115, No. C10 ( 2010-10)
    Abstract: Three sets of Autonomous Temperature Line Acquisition Systems were deployed in the South China Sea. Gaps aside, the data covered nearly 3 years at the northern station and about 2 years farther south. Fluctuations ranged from episodic to interannual. Internal tides, more diurnal than semidiurnal, were active basinwide. Twelve typhoons passed during measurement periods. The most severe one, typhoon Babs in 1998, caused a temperature drop of over 7°C at 50 m. Despite strong monsoons, only near‐surface temperature showed clear seasonal variations. Intraseasonal variations induced by mesoscale eddy stood out much better at subsurface depths. Propagating eddies aside, some eddies were seasonal and nearly stationary. From daily archives of an eddy‐resolving, data‐assimilating ocean model (East Asian Seas Nowcast/Forecast System), we identified two paradigms leading to the generation of a persistent spring‐summer warm eddy in the central‐western basin. In normal years, a complete cyclonic gyre was driven by a strong winter northeast monsoon. Water piled up along the periphery of the South China Sea. Afterward, a warm eddy could be generated from west of Luzon Island and propagated westward while intensifying. Under a weak northeast monsoon, such as in El Niño years, piled‐up water tended to stay in the southern basin. When the wind relaxed in spring, warm water returned northward to form a warm eddy in the central‐western basin. Transition from SW to NE monsoon also often led to a warm eddy generation in southern latitudes, when the summer eastward jet departing from central Vietnam broke up.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2010JC006293
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2010
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  • 9
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    Dynamics of zonal current variations associated with the Indian Ocean dipole
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2010
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research Vol. 115, No. C11 ( 2010-11-25)
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 115, No. C11 ( 2010-11-25)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2010JC006423
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2010
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094104-0
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  • 10
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    Key Outcomes From the Inaugural AGU Board of Directors Meeting
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2010
    In:  Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union Vol. 91, No. 40 ( 2010-10-05), p. 361-361
    Details
    In: Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 91, No. 40 ( 2010-10-05), p. 361-361
    Abstract: The engagement and enthusiasm of Board members and senior staff were evident as we met for the first Board of Directors meeting on 20–21 September 2010 at AGU headquarters, and much was accomplished over the 1.5 days. The meeting kicked off with a look to the future. Board members and staff had been asked to submit imagined headlines for 2019, the year that AGU will celebrate its 100th anniversary. This was a question raised by Executive Director Chris McEntee as she interacted with AGU leaders over the past several months. Board members and staff replied with a wide variety of headlines that inspired us to think about what is possible for AGU as we move forward as an organization. The headlines are posted on the AGU Web site (http://www.agu.org/about/presidents_msg/), and we encourage you to submit your own headline to agu_execdirector@agu.org.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0096-3941 , 2324-9250
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2010EO400009
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2010
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