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  • MDPI AG  (21)
  • Ren, Jing  (21)
  • English  (21)
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  • MDPI AG  (21)
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  • English  (21)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Experimental Investigation of Micro Cooling Units on Impingement Jet Array Flow Pressure Loss and Heat Transfer Characteristics
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Energies Vol. 14, No. 16 ( 2021-08-05), p. 4757-
    Details
    In: Energies, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 16 ( 2021-08-05), p. 4757-
    Abstract: With the development in additive manufacturing, the use of surface treatments for gas turbine design applications has greatly expanded. An experimental investigation of the pressure loss and heat transfer characteristics within impingement jet arrays with arrays of target surface micro cooling units is presented. The discharge coefficient and Nusselt number are measured and determined for an evaluation of the pressure loss of the flow system and heat transfer level, respectively. Considered are effects of impingement jet Reynolds number ranging from 1000 to 15,000 and micro cooling units (square pin fin) height (h) with associated values of 0.01, 0.02, 0.05, 0.2, and 0.4 D, where D is the impingement hole diameter. Presented are variations of Nusselt number, and Nusselt number ratio, discharge coefficient, discharge coefficient ratio, discharge coefficient correlation. Depending upon the micro cooling unit height, discharge coefficient ratios slightly decrease with height, and the ratio values generally remain unit value (1.0). When Rej = 1000 and 2500 for several cooling units height values, discharge coefficient ratios show the pressure loss decreases about 2–18% and 3–6%, respectively, when compared to the data of a baseline smooth target surface plate. The observed phenomenon is due to the effects of flow blockage of micro cooing units, local flow separation, and near-wall viscous sublayer reattachment. Results also show that heat transfer levels increase 20–300% for some of the tested toughened target surface plates when compared to smooth target surface plates. The heat transfer level enhancement is because of an increase in thermal transport and near-wall mixing, as well as the increased wetted area. In addition, micro cooling units elements break the viscous sublayer and cause greater turbulence intensity when compared to the smooth target surface. Overall, results demonstrate that the target surface micro cooling units do not result in a visible increment in pressure loss and reduce pressure loss of the flow system for some of the tested patterns. Moreover, results show the significant ability of micro cooling units to enhance the surface heat transfer capability of impingement cooling relative to smooth target surfaces.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1073
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/en14164757
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2437446-5
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  • 2
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    Combination of Pioglitazone and Metformin Actions on Liver Lipid Metabolism in Obese Mice
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Biomolecules Vol. 13, No. 8 ( 2023-07-31), p. 1199-
    Details
    In: Biomolecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 8 ( 2023-07-31), p. 1199-
    Abstract: Background: Despite the increasing prevalence rate of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) worldwide, efficient pharmacotherapeutic regimens against NAFLD still need to be explored. Previous studies found that pioglitazone and metformin therapy could partly ameliorate NAFLD, but their combination therapy effects have not been researched. In the present study, we assessed the protective effects of metformin and pioglitazone combination therapy on liver lipid metabolism in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice and investigated the molecular mechanism. Methods: Male C57BL/6 mice were divided into five groups: normal control; HFD control; metformin monotherapy; pioglitazone monotherapy and combined therapy. After 8 weeks of pharmacological intervention, glucose and lipid metabolism characteristics, hepatic histology, lipidomics profiling and RNA-seq analysis were performed. Results: The combination of pioglitazone and metformin significantly ameliorated HFD-induced metabolic disturbance and the hepatic oil red O area. A lipidomics analysis showed that combined therapy could significantly reduce the high levels of free fatty acids (FFA), diacylglycerol and triglycerides, while a set of glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids were increased in the combined therapy group. Consistently, an RNA-seq analysis also showed a remarkable reduction in genes associated with FFA uptake and de novo lipogenesis, including Cd36, Fads1, Fads2, Fasn, Scd1, Elovl5 and Pklr in the combined therapy group. Conclusions: Pioglitazone and metformin might have a synergistic protective effect on NAFLD by improving hepatic lipid profiles in HFD-induced mice. Further studies are needed to verify the clinical effects.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2218-273X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/biom13081199
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2701262-1
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  • 3
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    Enhanced Activation of Peroxymonosulfate via Sulfate Radicals and Singlet Oxygen by SrCoxMn1−xO3 Perovskites for the Degradation of Rhodamine B
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Processes Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2023-04-20), p. 1279-
    Details
    In: Processes, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2023-04-20), p. 1279-
    Abstract: Perovskite is of burgeoning interest in catalysis, principally due to such material having high thermal stability, modifiable variability, ferromagnetism, and excellent catalytic performance in peroxomonosulfate (PMS) activation. In this study, the SrCoxMn1−xO3 perovskites with different Mn doping were synthesized by a facile sol-gel method for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation to degrade Rhodamine B. The obtained SrCo0.5Mn0.5O3 perovskite exhibited the best catalytic efficiency, as Rhodamine B (40 mg/L) was removed completely within 30 min. In the system of SrCo0.5Mn0.5O3–PMS, several reactive species were produced, among which sulfate radicals and the singlet oxygen mainly contributed to Rhodamine B degradation. The relatively high catalytic performance could be attributed to the coupled redox cycle between Mn and Co, and the abundant oxygen vacancies. Moreover, the SrCo0.5Mn0.5O3 catalyst showed excellent stability and reusability, maintaining a high catalytic activity after several cycling tests. This study demonstrated that the Mn doping of SrCoO3 could not only enhance the B-site activation in SrCo0.5Mn0.5O3 but also enrich the oxygen vacancies, thus improving the efficiency of PMS activation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9717
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/pr11041279
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720994-5
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  • 4
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    Detection of Hindwing Landmarks Using Transfer Learning and High-Resolution Networks
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Biology Vol. 12, No. 7 ( 2023-07-14), p. 1006-
    Details
    In: Biology, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 7 ( 2023-07-14), p. 1006-
    Abstract: Hindwing venation is one of the most important morphological features for the functional and evolutionary analysis of beetles, as it is one of the key features used for the analysis of beetle flight performance and the design of beetle-like flapping wing micro aerial vehicles. However, manual landmark annotation for hindwing morphological analysis is a time-consuming process hindering the development of wing morphology research. In this paper, we present a novel approach for the detection of landmarks on the hindwings of leaf beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) using a limited number of samples. The proposed method entails the transfer of a pre-existing model, trained on a large natural image dataset, to the specific domain of leaf beetle hindwings. This is achieved by using a deep high-resolution network as the backbone. The low-stage network parameters are frozen, while the high-stage parameters are re-trained to construct a leaf beetle hindwing landmark detection model. A leaf beetle hindwing landmark dataset was constructed, and the network was trained on varying numbers of randomly selected hindwing samples. The results demonstrate that the average detection normalized mean error for specific landmarks of leaf beetle hindwings (100 samples) remains below 0.02 and only reached 0.045 when using a mere three samples for training. Comparative analyses reveal that the proposed approach out-performs a prevalently used method (i.e., a deep residual network). This study showcases the practicability of employing natural images—specifically, those in ImageNet—for the purpose of pre-training leaf beetle hindwing landmark detection models in particular, providing a promising approach for insect wing venation digitization.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-7737
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/biology12071006
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661517-4
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  • 5
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    Functions of SMC2 in the Development of Zebrafish Liver
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Biomedicines Vol. 9, No. 9 ( 2021-09-16), p. 1240-
    Details
    In: Biomedicines, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 9 ( 2021-09-16), p. 1240-
    Abstract: SMC2 (structural maintenance of chromosomes 2) is the core subunit of condensins, which play a central role in chromosome organization and segregation. However, the functions of SMC2 in embryonic development remain poorly understood, due to the embryonic lethality of homozygous SMC2−/− mice. Herein, we explored the roles of SMC2 in the liver development of zebrafish. The depletion of SMC2, with the CRISPR/Cas9-dependent gene knockout approach, led to a small liver phenotype. The specification of hepatoblasts was unaffected. Mechanistically, extensive apoptosis occurred in the liver of SMC2 mutants, which was mainly associated with the activation of the p53-dependent apoptotic pathway. Moreover, an aberrant activation of a series of apoptotic pathways in SMC2 mutants was involved in the defective chromosome segregation and subsequent DNA damage. Therefore, our findings demonstrate that SMC2 is necessary for zebrafish liver development.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9059
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091240
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720867-9
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  • 6
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    Generation of GCaMP6s-Expressing Zebrafish to Monitor Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Calcium Signaling Elicited by Heat Stress
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 22, No. 11 ( 2021-05-24), p. 5551-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 22, No. 11 ( 2021-05-24), p. 5551-
    Abstract: The ability of organisms to quickly sense and transduce signals of environmental stresses is critical for their survival. Ca2+ is a versatile intracellular messenger involved in sensing a wide variety of stresses and regulating the subsequent cellular responses. So far, our understanding for calcium signaling was mostly obtained from ex vivo tissues and cultured cell lines, and the in vivo spatiotemporal dynamics of stress-triggered calcium signaling in a vertebrate remains to be characterized. Here, we describe the generation and characterization of a transgenic zebrafish line with ubiquitous expression of GCaMP6s, a genetically encoded calcium indicator (GECI). We developed a method to investigate the spatiotemporal patterns of Ca2+ events induced by heat stress. Exposure to heat stress elicited immediate and transient calcium signaling in developing zebrafish. Cells extensively distributed in the integument of the head and body trunk were the first batch of responders and different cell populations demonstrated distinct response patterns upon heat stress. Activity of the heat stress-induced calcium signaling peaked at 30 s and swiftly decreased to near the basal level at 120 s after the beginning of exposure. Inhibition of the heat-induced calcium signaling by LaCl3 and capsazepine and treatment with the inhibitors for CaMKII (Ca²2/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II) and HSF1 (Heat shock factor 1) all significantly depressed the enhanced heat shock response (HSR). Together, we delineated the spatiotemporal dynamics of heat-induced calcium signaling and confirmed functions of the Ca2+-CaMKII-HSF1 pathway in regulating the HSR in zebrafish.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115551
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 7
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    Theoretical Basis and Technical Method of Permeability Enhancement of Tectonic Coal Seam by High Intensity Acoustic Wave In Situ
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Processes Vol. 11, No. 8 ( 2023-08-07), p. 2372-
    Details
    In: Processes, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 8 ( 2023-08-07), p. 2372-
    Abstract: Tectonic coal seams are characterized by soft, low permeability and high gas outburst. The traditional gas control method is the intensive drilling and extraction in this seam, which is not only large in engineering quantity, high in cost, difficult to form holes and low in extraction efficiency, but also easy to induce coal and gas outburst, which is a difficult problem for global coal mine gas control. To solve this difficult problem, the controllable shockwave equipment developed by the author’s team and successfully applied in the practice of permeability enhancement of coal seam, combined with the principles of shock vibration sound wave generation and shock wave attenuation and evolution in the rock stratum, a new idea of loading a controllable shock wave in the roof and floor of coal seam is proposed. The shock wave first attenuates and evolves into a high-strength sound wave in the roof and floor rock stratum, and then enters and loads into the coal seam to achieve the purpose of increasing permeability without damaging the physical properties of the tectonic coal seam and facilitating the opening of the original fractures. According to the new technical ideas, the implementation scheme and key parameters of the gas pre-extraction models in tectonic coal seam are designed, including the penetration drilling, roof and floor horizontal holes, shield tunneling and the high-strength acoustic wave of the working face, which provides a new technical approach to solve the problem of high efficiency and low cost gas extraction in the tectonic coal seam.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9717
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/pr11082372
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720994-5
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  • 8
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    Uncovering the Deviation of Farmers’ Green Manure Planting Willingness and Behavior
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 14, No. 21 ( 2022-11-02), p. 14315-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 21 ( 2022-11-02), p. 14315-
    Abstract: Planting green manure is an effective way to improve the agricultural environment and the quality of cultivated land in China. However, deviation from green manure planting willingness and behavior (DWB) becomes a serious obstacle to the promotion of green manure planting technology. For economic farmers, whether to plant green manure is a rational choice made after weighing up family endowments. In addition, ecological cognition plays a moderating role in the “willingness-behavior” transformation process of farmers’ green manure planting on the basis of family endowments. We selected four counties in which to conduct a questionnaire survey in Gansu and carried out interviews with 375 farmers. Based on the survey data, our study identified determinants that influence farmers’ DWB and examined the moderating effect of ecological cognition. In our paper, results show that the probability of farmers’ DWB is 41.87%. Farmers’ DWB is not only negatively affected by social network information and ecological compensation (eco-compensation) and positively influenced by the scale of cultivated land, but also restricted by human capital endowment characteristics such as age and education. In addition, ecological cognition played a significant moderating effect on farmers’ DWB. Farmers with high ecological cognition were more aware and capable of promoting green manure planting intentions into practice. Furthermore, different groups of farmers had different characteristics of DWB. The findings are useful and helpful in better understand the influencing factors of farmers’ DWB for policy makers and managers and can provide some effective support for policies designed to encourage farmers to adopt more sustainable green manure.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su142114315
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 9
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    Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Molecular Basis of Overfeeding-Induced Diabetes in Zebrafish
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 24, No. 15 ( 2023-07-26), p. 11994-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 15 ( 2023-07-26), p. 11994-
    Abstract: Diabetes has gradually become a serious disease that threatens human health. It can induce various complications, and the pathogenesis of diabetes is quite complex and not yet fully elucidated. The zebrafish has been widely acknowledged as a useful model for investigating the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis and therapeutic interventions of diabetes. However, the molecular basis of zebrafish diabetes induced by overfeeding remains unknown. In this study, a zebrafish diabetes model was established by overfeeding, and the molecular basis of zebrafish diabetes induced by overfeeding was explored. Compared with the control group, the body length, body weight, and condition factor index of zebrafish increased significantly after four weeks of overfeeding. There was a significant elevation in the fasting blood glucose level, accompanied by a large number of lipid droplets accumulated within the liver. The levels of triglycerides and cholesterol in both the serum and liver exhibited a statistically significant increase. Transcriptome sequencing was employed to investigate changes in the livers of overfed zebrafish. The number of up-regulated and down-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was 1582 and 2404, respectively, in the livers of overfed zebrafish. The DEGs were subjected to KEGG and GO enrichment analyses, and the hub signaling pathways and hub DEGs were identified. The results demonstrate that sixteen genes within the signal pathway associated with fatty acid metabolism were found to be significantly up-regulated. Specifically, these genes were found to mainly participate in fatty acid transport, fatty acid oxidation, and ketogenesis. Furthermore, thirteen genes that play a crucial role in glucose metabolism, particularly in the pathways of glycolysis and glycogenesis, were significantly down-regulated in the livers of overfed zebrafish. These results indicate insulin resistance and inhibition of glucose entry into liver cells in the livers of overfed zebrafish. These findings elucidate the underlying molecular basis of zebrafish diabetes induced by overfeeding and provide a model for further investigation of the pathogenesis and therapeutics of diabetes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms241511994
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 10
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    Physicochemical, Structural Structural and Functional Properties of Non-Waxy and Waxy Proso Millet Protein
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Foods Vol. 12, No. 5 ( 2023-03-06), p. 1116-
    Details
    In: Foods, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 5 ( 2023-03-06), p. 1116-
    Abstract: The physicochemical, structural and functional properties of proso millet protein from waxy and non-waxy proso millet were investigated. The secondary structures of proso millet proteins consisted mainly of a β-sheet and ɑ-helix. The two diffraction peaks of proso millet protein appeared at around 9° and 20°. The solubility of non-waxy proso millet protein was higher than that of waxy proso millet protein at different pH values. Non-waxy proso millet protein had a relatively better emulsion stability index (ESI), whereas waxy proso millet protein had a better emulsification activity index (EAI). Non-waxy proso millet protein showed a higher maximum denaturation temperature (Td) and enthalpy change (ΔH) than its waxy counterpart, indicating a more ordered conformation. Waxy proso millet exhibited higher surface hydrophobicity and oil absorption capacity (OAC) than non-waxy proso millet, suggesting that the former may have potential applications as a functional ingredient in the food industry. There was no significant difference in the intrinsic fluorescence spectra of different waxy and non-waxy proso millet proteins at pH 7.0.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2304-8158
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/foods12051116
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704223-6
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