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  • Feely, Richard A.  (191)
  • English  (191)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Silica and germanium in Pacific Ocean hydrothermal vents and plumes
    Elsevier BV ; 1993
    In:  Earth and Planetary Science Letters Vol. 119, No. 3 ( 1993-09), p. 365-378
    Details
    In: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Elsevier BV, Vol. 119, No. 3 ( 1993-09), p. 365-378
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0012-821X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/0012-821X(93)90144-X
    RVK:
    TE 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 1993
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  • 2
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    Trends in the sources and sinks of carbon dioxide
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2009
    In:  Nature Geoscience Vol. 2, No. 12 ( 2009-12), p. 831-836
    Details
    In: Nature Geoscience, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 2, No. 12 ( 2009-12), p. 831-836
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1752-0894 , 1752-0908
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/ngeo689
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2396648-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2405323-5
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 3
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    Global Carbon Budget 2019
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2019
    In:  Earth System Science Data Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2019-12-04), p. 1783-1838
    Details
    In: Earth System Science Data, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2019-12-04), p. 1783-1838
    Abstract: Abstract. Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere – the “global carbon budget” – is important to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the development of climate policies, and project future climate change. Here we describe data sets and methodology to quantify the five major components of the global carbon budget and their uncertainties. Fossil CO2 emissions (EFF) are based on energy statistics and cement production data, while emissions from land use change (ELUC), mainly deforestation, are based on land use and land use change data and bookkeeping models. Atmospheric CO2 concentration is measured directly and its growth rate (GATM) is computed from the annual changes in concentration. The ocean CO2 sink (SOCEAN) and terrestrial CO2 sink (SLAND) are estimated with global process models constrained by observations. The resulting carbon budget imbalance (BIM), the difference between the estimated total emissions and the estimated changes in the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere, is a measure of imperfect data and understanding of the contemporary carbon cycle. All uncertainties are reported as ±1σ. For the last decade available (2009–2018), EFF was 9.5±0.5 GtC yr−1, ELUC 1.5±0.7 GtC yr−1, GATM 4.9±0.02 GtC yr−1 (2.3±0.01 ppm yr−1), SOCEAN 2.5±0.6 GtC yr−1, and SLAND 3.2±0.6 GtC yr−1, with a budget imbalance BIM of 0.4 GtC yr−1 indicating overestimated emissions and/or underestimated sinks. For the year 2018 alone, the growth in EFF was about 2.1 % and fossil emissions increased to 10.0±0.5 GtC yr−1, reaching 10 GtC yr−1 for the first time in history, ELUC was 1.5±0.7 GtC yr−1, for total anthropogenic CO2 emissions of 11.5±0.9 GtC yr−1 (42.5±3.3 GtCO2). Also for 2018, GATM was 5.1±0.2 GtC yr−1 (2.4±0.1 ppm yr−1), SOCEAN was 2.6±0.6 GtC yr−1, and SLAND was 3.5±0.7 GtC yr−1, with a BIM of 0.3 GtC. The global atmospheric CO2 concentration reached 407.38±0.1 ppm averaged over 2018. For 2019, preliminary data for the first 6–10 months indicate a reduced growth in EFF of +0.6 % (range of −0.2 % to 1.5 %) based on national emissions projections for China, the USA, the EU, and India and projections of gross domestic product corrected for recent changes in the carbon intensity of the economy for the rest of the world. Overall, the mean and trend in the five components of the global carbon budget are consistently estimated over the period 1959–2018, but discrepancies of up to 1 GtC yr−1 persist for the representation of semi-decadal variability in CO2 fluxes. A detailed comparison among individual estimates and the introduction of a broad range of observations shows (1) no consensus in the mean and trend in land use change emissions over the last decade, (2) a persistent low agreement between the different methods on the magnitude of the land CO2 flux in the northern extra-tropics, and (3) an apparent underestimation of the CO2 variability by ocean models outside the tropics. This living data update documents changes in the methods and data sets used in this new global carbon budget and the progress in understanding of the global carbon cycle compared with previous publications of this data set (Le Quéré et al., 2018a, b, 2016, 2015a, b, 2014, 2013). The data generated by this work are available at https://doi.org/10.18160/gcp-2019 (Friedlingstein et al., 2019).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1866-3516
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/essd-11-1783-2019
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 4
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    Global Carbon Budget 2022
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2022
    In:  Earth System Science Data Vol. 14, No. 11 ( 2022-11-11), p. 4811-4900
    Details
    In: Earth System Science Data, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 14, No. 11 ( 2022-11-11), p. 4811-4900
    Abstract: Abstract. Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere in a changing climate is critical to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the development of climate policies, and project future climate change. Here we describe and synthesize data sets and methodologies to quantify the five major components of the global carbon budget and their uncertainties. Fossil CO2 emissions (EFOS) are based on energy statistics and cement production data, while emissions from land-use change (ELUC), mainly deforestation, are based on land use and land-use change data and bookkeeping models. Atmospheric CO2 concentration is measured directly, and its growth rate (GATM) is computed from the annual changes in concentration. The ocean CO2 sink (SOCEAN) is estimated with global ocean biogeochemistry models and observation-based data products. The terrestrial CO2 sink (SLAND) is estimated with dynamic global vegetation models. The resulting carbon budget imbalance (BIM), the difference between the estimated total emissions and the estimated changes in the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere, is a measure of imperfect data and understanding of the contemporary carbon cycle. All uncertainties are reported as ±1σ. For the year 2021, EFOS increased by 5.1 % relative to 2020, with fossil emissions at 10.1 ± 0.5 GtC yr−1 (9.9 ± 0.5 GtC yr−1 when the cement carbonation sink is included), and ELUC was 1.1 ± 0.7 GtC yr−1, for a total anthropogenic CO2 emission (including the cement carbonation sink) of 10.9 ± 0.8 GtC yr−1 (40.0 ± 2.9 GtCO2). Also, for 2021, GATM was 5.2 ± 0.2 GtC yr−1 (2.5 ± 0.1 ppm yr−1), SOCEAN was 2.9  ± 0.4 GtC yr−1, and SLAND was 3.5 ± 0.9 GtC yr−1, with a BIM of −0.6 GtC yr−1 (i.e. the total estimated sources were too low or sinks were too high). The global atmospheric CO2 concentration averaged over 2021 reached 414.71 ± 0.1 ppm. Preliminary data for 2022 suggest an increase in EFOS relative to 2021 of +1.0 % (0.1 % to 1.9 %) globally and atmospheric CO2 concentration reaching 417.2 ppm, more than 50 % above pre-industrial levels (around 278 ppm). Overall, the mean and trend in the components of the global carbon budget are consistently estimated over the period 1959–2021, but discrepancies of up to 1 GtC yr−1 persist for the representation of annual to semi-decadal variability in CO2 fluxes. Comparison of estimates from multiple approaches and observations shows (1) a persistent large uncertainty in the estimate of land-use change emissions, (2) a low agreement between the different methods on the magnitude of the land CO2 flux in the northern extratropics, and (3) a discrepancy between the different methods on the strength of the ocean sink over the last decade. This living data update documents changes in the methods and data sets used in this new global carbon budget and the progress in understanding of the global carbon cycle compared with previous publications of this data set. The data presented in this work are available at https://doi.org/10.18160/GCP-2022 (Friedlingstein et al., 2022b).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1866-3516
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/essd-14-4811-2022
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 5
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    Global Carbon Budget 2021
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2022
    In:  Earth System Science Data Vol. 14, No. 4 ( 2022-04-26), p. 1917-2005
    Details
    In: Earth System Science Data, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 14, No. 4 ( 2022-04-26), p. 1917-2005
    Abstract: Abstract. Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere in a changing climate is critical to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the development of climate policies, and project future climate change. Here we describe and synthesize datasets and methodology to quantify the five major components of the global carbon budget and their uncertainties. Fossil CO2 emissions (EFOS) are based on energy statistics and cement production data, while emissions from land-use change (ELUC), mainly deforestation, are based on land use and land-use change data and bookkeeping models. Atmospheric CO2 concentration is measured directly, and its growth rate (GATM) is computed from the annual changes in concentration. The ocean CO2 sink (SOCEAN) is estimated with global ocean biogeochemistry models and observation-based data products. The terrestrial CO2 sink (SLAND) is estimated with dynamic global vegetation models. The resulting carbon budget imbalance (BIM), the difference between the estimated total emissions and the estimated changes in the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere, is a measure of imperfect data and understanding of the contemporary carbon cycle. All uncertainties are reported as ±1σ. For the first time, an approach is shown to reconcile the difference in our ELUC estimate with the one from national greenhouse gas inventories, supporting the assessment of collective countries' climate progress. For the year 2020, EFOS declined by 5.4 % relative to 2019, with fossil emissions at 9.5 ± 0.5 GtC yr−1 (9.3 ± 0.5 GtC yr−1 when the cement carbonation sink is included), and ELUC was 0.9 ± 0.7 GtC yr−1, for a total anthropogenic CO2 emission of 10.2 ± 0.8 GtC yr−1 (37.4 ± 2.9 GtCO2). Also, for 2020, GATM was 5.0 ± 0.2 GtC yr−1 (2.4 ± 0.1 ppm yr−1), SOCEAN was 3.0 ± 0.4 GtC yr−1, and SLAND was 2.9 ± 1 GtC yr−1, with a BIM of −0.8 GtC yr−1. The global atmospheric CO2 concentration averaged over 2020 reached 412.45 ± 0.1 ppm. Preliminary data for 2021 suggest a rebound in EFOS relative to 2020 of +4.8 % (4.2 % to 5.4 %) globally. Overall, the mean and trend in the components of the global carbon budget are consistently estimated over the period 1959–2020, but discrepancies of up to 1 GtC yr−1 persist for the representation of annual to semi-decadal variability in CO2 fluxes. Comparison of estimates from multiple approaches and observations shows (1) a persistent large uncertainty in the estimate of land-use changes emissions, (2) a low agreement between the different methods on the magnitude of the land CO2 flux in the northern extra-tropics, and (3) a discrepancy between the different methods on the strength of the ocean sink over the last decade. This living data update documents changes in the methods and datasets used in this new global carbon budget and the progress in understanding of the global carbon cycle compared with previous publications of this dataset (Friedlingstein et al., 2020, 2019; Le Quéré et al., 2018b, a, 2016, 2015b, a, 2014, 2013). The data presented in this work are available at https://doi.org/10.18160/gcp-2021 (Friedlingstein et al., 2021).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1866-3516
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/essd-14-1917-2022
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 6
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    Comment on “Modern-age buildup of CO 2 and its effects on seawater acidity and salinity” by Hugo A. Loáiciga
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2007
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters Vol. 34, No. 18 ( 2007-09-25)
    Details
    In: Geophysical Research Letters, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 34, No. 18 ( 2007-09-25)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0094-8276
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2006GL027288
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2007
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  • 7
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    Anthropogenic ocean acidification over the twenty-first century and its impact on calcifying organisms
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2005
    In:  Nature Vol. 437, No. 7059 ( 2005-9), p. 681-686
    Details
    In: Nature, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 437, No. 7059 ( 2005-9), p. 681-686
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0028-0836 , 1476-4687
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/nature04095
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    UA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2005
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  • 8
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    Ascending and descending particle flux from hydrothermal plumes at Endeavour Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge
    Elsevier BV ; 2001
    In:  Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers Vol. 48, No. 4 ( 2001-4), p. 1093-1120
    Details
    In: Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, Elsevier BV, Vol. 48, No. 4 ( 2001-4), p. 1093-1120
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0967-0637
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/S0967-0637(00)00070-4
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2001
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  • 9
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    The rise and fall of the Coaxial hydrothermal site, 1993–1996
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1998
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth Vol. 103, No. B5 ( 1998-05-10), p. 9791-9806
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 103, No. B5 ( 1998-05-10), p. 9791-9806
    Abstract: In June 1993, a seafloor dike intrusion along the CoAxial segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge was acoustically detected. A near‐immediate field response and repeated plume mapping and sampling surveys during eight cruises over the next 3 years have provided a unique opportunity to estimate heat and mass fluxes from both event and chronic discharge during the life cycle of a newly created hydrothermal system. The intrusion triggered the release of at least three event plumes followed by chronic discharge focused at two sites: Flow, the site of a lava eruption at the distal end of the intrusion; and Floe, 30 km back along the trend of the dike. We have combined measurements of plume temperature anomalies, plume areal extent, and year‐long averages of current flow at both sites to estimate the chronic hydrothermal heat flux H u . Initial values of H u at both sites were of order 10 4 MW, declining over time t as H u = at −k , with k ≈ 1. Significant plumes were no longer detectable at Flow by June 1995, or at Floe by June 1996. Elemental fluxes from the CoAxial system have been derived from H u and measurements of the ratios Mn/heat, Fe/heat, and particulate S/heat in chronic plumes. While Mn and Fe fluxes mirrored the power curve decline of heat, the combined regional particulate S (PS) flux experienced a second pronounced maximum some months after the eruption owing to a sharp increase in the S/heat ratio at Floc. Integrated inventories from chronic discharge were ∼4×10 17 J for heat, ∼3×10 8 mol for Mn, ∼2×10 8 mol for Fe, and ∼1×10 8 mol for PS. Realistic uncertainties for all species are roughly a factor of 2. The three event plumes accounted for 〈 5% of the chronic plume inventories.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/97JB03112
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1998
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 161667-5
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  • 10
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    Distribution of chemical tracers in the eastern equatorial Pacific during and after the 1982–1983 El Niño/Southern Oscillation event
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1987
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans Vol. 92, No. C6 ( 1987-06-15), p. 6545-6558
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 92, No. C6 ( 1987-06-15), p. 6545-6558
    Abstract: During April 1983 and March‐April 1984, two cruises were conducted in the central equatorial Pacific to determine the effects of the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event on the sea‐air exchange of CO 2 . Measurements of total carbon dioxide, p CO 2 , total alkalinity, freon‐11, salinity, temperature, oxygen, nutrients, and wind and current velocities were made along three meridional transects (158°W, April 1983; 150°W, March 1984; 170°W, April 1984). The cessation of upwelling during the ENSO event caused p CO 2 concentrations in surface waters to decrease to near‐saturation levels along the equator. The calculated net flux of CO 2 across the sea‐air interface was essentially negligible in the eastern equatorial Pacific during this period. However, when normal trade winds and consequent upwelling returned in late 1983 and early 1984, the equatorial region returned to a p CO 2 condition of highly supersaturated surface waters in the region between 8°N and 8°S along the 150° and 170°W transects. The calculated post‐ENSO sea‐air flux of CO 2 exceeded 6.0 mmol CO 2 m −2 d −1 The mean annual CO 2 flux in the equatorial Pacific was estimated to be 0.02 Gt of carbon during the 1982–1983 ENSO event as compared with 0.6 Gt during 1984.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/JC092iC06p06545
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1987
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