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  • Cornelissen, Johannes H. C.  (16)
  • English  (16)
  • 1
    In: Plant and Soil, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 396, No. 1-2 ( 2015-11), p. 175-187
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0032-079X , 1573-5036
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2015
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  • 2
    In: Journal of Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 103, No. 5 ( 2015-09), p. 1214-1223
    Abstract: Wood decomposition is a key process in the terrestrial carbon cycle, controlling carbon storage with feedback to climate. In (sub) tropical forest, termites are major players in wood decomposition, but their role relative to that of microbial decomposers and wood traits of different tree species is poorly understood. The current literature also has strong bias towards dicot tree decomposition, while abundant woody monocots, particularly bamboos, also contribute greatly to (sub) tropical carbon cycling. Here, we present the first experiment to disentangle effects of dead wood traits and termite activity on decomposition of 66 angiosperm species of wide‐ranging phylogenetic position: 31 bamboos, eight non‐bamboo Poaceae, 18 eudicots and nine magnoliids. We incubated dead stems of up to 4 size classes per species in a ‘common garden’ in tropical S China. We tested the hypotheses that (i) dead wood of bamboo (monocots) is less decomposable than dead wood of eudicots or magnoliids; (ii) both microbial‐ and termite‐driven decomposition show negative relationships with initial wood density and with dry matter content. Bamboo wood generally decomposed more slowly than dicot wood but only slightly slower at given wood density or diameter. Wood decomposition in both bamboo and dicot clades decreased with wood density or dry matter content. Termites contributed greatly to this pattern, explaining 53.4% of the variance in wood decomposition and preferentially attacking dead wood of lower initial density, which corresponded with thicker outer culm walls in the case of bamboo species. Thus, termites strongly strengthen the relationship between species' wood traits and litter decomposition as driven by microbial activity. Synthesis . These previously unknown relationships among dead wood quality, diameter, termites and decomposing microbes of both woody monocots and dicots will advance our understanding of the driving mechanisms of (sub) tropical wood decomposition and its contribution to the global carbon cycle.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-0477 , 1365-2745
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2015
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  • 3
    In: Journal of Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 106, No. 1 ( 2018-01), p. 218-229
    Abstract: Litter decomposition plays important roles in carbon and nutrient cycling. In dryland, both microbial decomposition and abiotic degradation (by UV light or other forces) drive variation in decomposition rates, but whether and how litter traits and position determine the balance between these processes is poorly understood. We investigated relationships between litter quality and their decomposition rates among diverse plant species in a desert ecosystem in vertically contrasting positions representing distinct decomposition environments driven by different relative contributions of abiotic and microbial degradation. Thereto, leaf litter samples from 17 desert species were sealed into litterbags and placed on the soil surface under strong solar exposure vs. shade conditions, or buried in the soil at 10 cm depth, for a whole year. Litter decomposition rates were 21% and 17% higher in burial and light‐exposed treatments, respectively, than those in shade. Leaf traits, i.e. specific leaf area ( SLA ), litter C:N ratio and lignin concentration could predict litter decomposition to some degree, but their predictive power was dependent on litter position. However, multiple linear regressions showed that SLA , litter C and P significantly affected k values for leaf litter decomposition besides litter position, with SLA standing out as a strong determinant of litter decomposition rate as related either to solar radiation or the environment below the soil surface. Furthermore, the interspecific differences in litter decomposition rates decreased over time, implying that afterlife effects of leaf traits on decomposition were attenuated. Synthesis . These findings suggest that abiotic photodegradation and soil burial mediated microbial decomposition could be responsible for higher than expected litter turnover in dryland. They point to a dual role of specific leaf area ( SLA ) as a promotor of decomposition rates: via relative exposure of the leaf surface to abiotic factors such as UV light vs. to soil moisture and microbes under soil burial.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-0477 , 1365-2745
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2018
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  • 4
    In: Journal of Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 109, No. 2 ( 2021-02), p. 1026-1040
    Abstract: 生物量分配模式反映了植物在不同环境中的适应策略,是植物生态学和进化学研究的核心问题。然而,目前对影响器官之间生物量分配模式的主要因子、以及是否存在控制分配的一般规律仍有争议。最优分配理论(OPT)认为,植物优先将生物量分配给可以获取更多限制性资源的器官以促进生长,因此生物量分配模式会对资源可利用性做出响应。相反,异速分配理论(APT)认为,生物量在各器官间的分配模式是与植株大小有关的幂函数,与环境变化无关。此外,系统发育和生长型的限制(如树木形成心材)也会影响器官间的生物量分配模式。利用生长型相似、亲缘关系相近的物种进行研究,可以更直接的检验两种理论的普适性。 为了验证在大的地理尺度上生物量分配模式更符合OPT还是APT。我们在中国中部和东部采集了62种蒿属植物(共1022株),研究区域包含了明显的气候(年均温:‐4.9–18.0℃;年降水:193‐1668mm)和土壤(土壤碳含量:1.6– 15.4 kg C m −2 )梯度。我们研究了叶、茎和根之间的生物量分配模式。 在种内和种间水平上,叶生物量( M L )、茎生物量( M S )和根生物量( M R )之间都存在显著的异速生长关系。此外,种内和种间异速生长模式与个体水平上的异速生长模式之间没有差异。除 M S / M R 外, M L / M R 和 M L / M S 均随植株的增大而降低。然而,去除异速关系的影响后,三个器官之间的生物量比率并不响应气候或土壤梯度的变化。 结论:我们的研究结果支持APT而不是OPT,表明在区域尺度上蒿属植物进化出了特有的异速生长策略。在不同的环境中,各器官之间倾向于保持特定的异速生长比例,而不是直接依赖于各器官为响应环境变化而调整生物量分配。对于后续研究,我们假设蒿属植物各器官之间生物量分配模式中所受的强烈异速生长限制是依赖于不同器官对环境梯度的生理适应能力。
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-0477 , 1365-2745
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 5
    In: Journal of Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 111, No. 1 ( 2023-01), p. 198-213
    Abstract: 不同质量的叶和细根凋落物分别位于地表和地下,它们在截然不同的非生物和生物环境中分解。因此,凋落物位置和质量对生态系统碳(C)和氮(N)动态具有很强的影响。然而,有关凋落物碳氮周转如何依赖于植物功能型、器官、性状和凋落物位置之间的相互作用的认识仍不清楚。 在半干旱区毛乌素沙地,选择代表三类植物功能型(草本、豆科灌木和非豆科灌木)的25种植物,将叶凋落物(地表和沙埋)和细根(沙埋)分别进行3、6、9、12、18和24个月的原位分解,研究其分解和碳氮动态。测定叶片和细根初始凋落物的形态和化学性状。 地表叶和沙埋细根凋落物的分解速率( k 值)没有差异,但沙埋细根和沙埋叶凋落物的分解速率快于地表叶凋落物。地表叶凋落物与沙埋叶凋落物的 k 值比随叶片C:N的增加而减小。草本和豆科灌木的细根分解速度比非豆科灌木快,但叶片的分解速度没有显著差异。在相同的碳损失下,沙埋细根的氮损失高于叶;高N或低C:N的豆科灌木比非豆科灌木氮损失更大。与细根和非豆科灌木相比,叶片和豆科灌木的碳氮损失之间的耦合性更强。 总结。在相同的碳释放下豆科凋落物表现出更快的氮释放,表明在氮限制的半干旱生态系统中豆科植物在氮循环中的重要性。凋落物的碳氮释放动态和耦合性受凋落物位置和植物功能型的调节。由于持续的全球变化潜在改变植物群落的功能组成以及地上和地下凋落物的相对数量和质量,因此,凋落物碳氮过程受到位置和功能型调节的这些发现对于发展基于过程的碳氮循环模型具有重要意义。
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-0477 , 1365-2745
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 6
    In: Global Ecology and Biogeography, Wiley, Vol. 32, No. 2 ( 2023-02), p. 324-338
    Abstract: The plant economics spectrum provides a fundamental framework for understanding functional trait variation along environmental gradients. However, it is unclear whether there is a general whole‐plant economics spectrum across organs at the finer taxonomic scale (e.g. within genera), and if there is, which factors affect the trait coordination of the different organs. Here, we examined whether resource economics spectra of different organs (i.e. leaf, stem and root) can be integrated at the whole‐plant level within a single genus, and how environment, intraspecific variation and taxonomic scale shape the whole‐plant spectrum. Location China. Time period 2018. Major taxa studied Artemisia . Methods We sampled 1,022 individuals of 62 Artemisia species in central and eastern China to test trait coordination patterns from organ to whole‐plant level. From the resource economics spectrum perspective, 15 traits were chosen to represent the trade‐off between structural and nutrient investments, including organs’ C, N, P and dry matter content, specific leaf area, specific stem length and specific root length. Results Pairwise trait correlations and the trade‐off patterns along the resource economic axis were consistent at both organ and whole‐plant levels. Environmental gradients did not strongly affect the correlations among leaf, stem and root economics spectra, that is, the intraspecific variation weakened but did not mask this coordination. Taxonomic scale did not affect the degree of trait coordination as the genus‐wide whole‐plant economics spectrum also emerged within each of the three subgenera. Main conclusions Our results support the hypothesis that the coordination of economics spectra across organs forms a whole‐plant economics spectrum representing a ‘fast–slow’ resource management strategy, which is robust to recent evolution (genotypic variation, even for species within a single genus) and present‐day environmental variation. Further studies should elucidate in which circumstances or phylogenetic branches the coordinated pattern found for Artemisia is representative of other widely distributed genera.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1466-822X , 1466-8238
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2021
    In:  Nature Communications Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2021-12-02)
    In: Nature Communications, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2021-12-02)
    Abstract: Soil seed banks represent a critical but hidden stock for potential future plant diversity on Earth. Here we compiled and analyzed a global dataset consisting of 15,698 records of species diversity and density for soil seed banks in natural plant communities worldwide to quantify their environmental determinants and global patterns. Random forest models showed that absolute latitude was an important predictor for diversity of soil seed banks. Further, climate and soil were the major determinants of seed bank diversity, while net primary productivity and soil characteristics were the main predictors of seed bank density. Moreover, global mapping revealed clear spatial patterns for soil seed banks worldwide; for instance, low densities may render currently species-rich low latitude biomes (such as tropical rain-forests) less resilient to major disturbances. Our assessment provides quantitative evidence of how environmental conditions shape the distribution of soil seed banks, which enables a more accurate prediction of the resilience and vulnerabilities of plant communities and biomes under global changes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2041-1723
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 8
    In: Ecology Letters, Wiley, Vol. 25, No. 6 ( 2022-06), p. 1580-1593
    Abstract: Although plant–plant interactions (i.e. competition and facilitation) have long been recognised as key drivers of plant community composition and dynamics, their global patterns and relationships with climate have remained unclear. Here, we assembled a global database of 10,502 pairs of empirical data from the literature to address the patterns of and climatic effects on the net outcome of plant interactions in natural communities. We found that plant interactions varied among plant performance indicators, interaction types and biomes, yet competition occurred more frequently than facilitation in plant communities worldwide. Unexpectedly, plant interactions showed weak latitudinal pattern and were weakly related to climate. Our study provides a global comprehensive overview of plant interactions, highlighting competition as a fundamental mechanism structuring plant communities worldwide. We suggest that further investigations should focus more on local factors (e.g. microclimate, soil and disturbance) than on macroclimate to identify key environmental determinants of interactions in plant communities.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1461-023X , 1461-0248
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 9
    In: Journal of Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 102, No. 2 ( 2014-03), p. 337-344
    Abstract: Litter decomposition has been a key driver of carbon and nutrient cycling in the present and past. Based on extant species data, there is a great deal of variation in litter decomposability among major plant lineages, suggesting potential shifts in plant effects on carbon and nutrient cycling during the early evolutionary history of angiosperms. Existing data suggest that eudicot species produce faster decomposing litter compared to gymnosperms, ferns and mosses. One of the missing puzzle pieces in this transition is the basal angiosperms, the functional role of which in past carbon and nutrient cycling has seldom been investigated. We hypothesized that owing to constraints on leaf and plant design related to hydraulic capacity, basal angiosperm trees should generally have resource conservative leaves of low decomposability and that fast‐decomposing leaves may only be found in short‐statured taxa. We performed a litterbag experiment with simultaneous outdoor incubation of leaf litters in a common environment, including 86 basal angiosperm species (including the magnoliid lineage), 33 eudicots, five gymnosperms and four ferns. We fit a nonlinear model to the decomposition data, and each species’ decomposability was estimated using the proportional rate of mass loss through the experiment. The mass loss rates were 59.2% lower in basal angiosperms than in eudicot trees. There was one exceptional group within basal angiosperms: the Piperales had higher k values than other magnoliid lineages, but all of the free‐standing species were short. Eudicots had higher k values overall and covered a range of plant statures from small‐statured herbs to big woody trees. Synthesis . Understanding the ecosystem‐level effects of the angiosperm rise to dominance is a crucial goal. Our results indicated that, among generally slow‐decomposing magnoliid lineages, only the Piperales have fast decomposition rate associated with small plant statures. Thus it is unlikely that early magnoliid trees were both forest canopy dominants and produced resource acquisitive leaves turning into fast decomposable litter during the evolutionary history of angiosperms.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-0477 , 1365-2745
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2014
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  • 10
    In: Journal of Vegetation Science, Wiley, Vol. 30, No. 2 ( 2019-03), p. 291-300
    Abstract: Leaf nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) concentrations and N : P ratio have been extensively studied along environmental gradients, but whether and how leaves and roots show similar responses to climatic and fertility gradients is little studied. Also, the responses of leaf and root N and P in different plant functional types ( PFT ; legumes, grasses, forbs and shrubs) to environmental gradients are poorly known. We examined the following two hypotheses: (a) P concentration and N : P ratios in leaves or fine roots would not be modulated by soil N for legumes while they would be for non‐legume PFT s; (b) Species turnover would have stronger influence on the responses of N and P concentrations and N : P ratios of plant tissues along aridity and soil fertility gradients than intraspecific variation. Study site Ordos Plateau, China. Methods We collected samples of leaf and fine roots covering 95 species of 28 families across 17 sites affiliated to four vegetation types on the dry Ordos Plateau of North China and compared variations in N and P concentrations and N : P ratios in both leaves and fine roots among PFT s. Results We found that legumes had higher N concentrations in leaves and fine roots than the non‐legume PFT s. Leaf and fine root P and N : P ratios increased with increasing soil N for most non‐legume PFT s, but the relationships were decoupled for legumes. Species turnover had a stronger contribution to these relationships of N and P in leaves and fine roots along aridity and soil N gradients than intraspecific variation. Conclusions When modeling vegetation nutrient stocks and cycling, the predictive power could be improved by taking into account not only influences of soil fertility but also of climate on leaf and root tissue N and soil N on tissue P and N : P ratio, especially for non‐legume functional types.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1100-9233 , 1654-1103
    URL: Issue
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2019
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