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  • 1
    In: Frontiers in Psychiatry, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 12 ( 2021-9-23)
    Abstract: Fonagy and colleagues have recently proposed that deficits in the capacity for epistemic trust (i. e., the expectation that interpersonal communication is relevant to the addressee) are fundamental to psychopathology. In this paper, we consider the implications of this hypothesis for understanding the role of aggression in conduct disorder and conduct problems more generally. Our main proposal is to view conduct problems not only as reflecting dysregulation, but as an adaptation that allows communication with others who are (or are perceived to be) unreliable. Our formulation hinges on two propositions. The first one is to view aggression as a modality of communication adapted to scenarios in which the communicator expects the audience to have low epistemic trust in the communicator. The second idea is to conceptualize the failed “unlearning of aggression” as reflecting a lack of interest in maintaining one's reputation as a communicator, which in turn stems from a lack of epistemic trust in other communicators. In this paper, we discuss these ideas and examine how they may account for the developmental pathways that lead young people to develop conduct problems.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-0640
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2564218-2
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  • 2
    In: Frontiers in Psychology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 13 ( 2022-10-5)
    Abstract: The Unresolved/disorganized (U/d) attachment classification has generated considerable interest among clinicians. This is in part based on its empirical associations with adult mental health, parenting practices, and treatment outcomes. Despite decades of theorizing, however, we have little empirical information regarding how patients with a U/d classification assigned by accredited coders actually behave or speak in psychotherapy sessions. Here, we take a step towards bridging this gap by reporting our observations of the psychotherapy session transcripts of 40 outpatients who were independently classified as U/d on the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI), the gold standard measure of adult attachment research. These patients were extracted from a larger sample of 181 and compared to others without a U/d classification. In this paper, we discuss two different discourse styles associated with a U/d classification. Some U/d patients did not seem to sufficiently elicit the therapist’s endorsement of what they said. For example, they did not justify their claims with examples or explanations, or did not consider others’ intentions or experiences. Other U/d patients were credible, but left the listener uncertain as to the underlying point of their discourse, for example, by glaringly omitting the consequences of their experiences, or interrupting their narratives mid-way. In the discussion, we place these observations in the context of recent thinking on attachment and epistemic trust, and discuss how this study may form the basis for future quantitative studies of psychotherapy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-1078
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2563826-9
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  • 3
    In: Frontiers in Psychology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 12 ( 2021-7-21)
    Abstract: Anxiety and depressive disorders are a significant problem that starts in childhood or adolescence and should be addressed early to avoid chronic mental conditions. There is strong evidence to demonstrate that psychological treatments are effective for these disorders, however, little is known on mediators and mechanisms of change of psychological treatment in adolescents and young adults. Understanding the pathways through which psychological treatments operate will facilitate more effective treatments. Aim We aim to conduct a systematic review, exploring the available evidence on mediators of psychological treatments for anxiety and depression in adolescents and young adults. Methods A systematic search has been performed on PubMed and PsycINFO databases to identify studies from inception to 23rd February 2020. Eligible studies include randomized controlled trials and trials (quasi-experimental) designs that have enrolled adolescents and young adults presenting with depression and/or anxiety and that have examined mediators of psychological treatments. A group of 20 reviewers from the COST-Action TREATme (CA16102) divided into 10 pairs independently screen studies for inclusion, extract information from the included studies, and assess the methodological quality of the included studies and the requirements for mediators. The methodological quality will be assessed by The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Extracted data from the included studies will be collected and presented using a narrative approach. Discussion This systematic review will summarize and provide a comprehensive overview of the current evidence on mediators of psychological treatments for anxiety and depression for adolescents and young adults. Results will allow the identification of strategies to optimize intervention to enhance clinical outcomes. Ethics and dissemination Ethics approval is not required. Findings from this systematic review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and disseminated at conferences and meetings. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021234641.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-1078
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2563826-9
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  • 4
    In: Frontiers in Psychology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 12 ( 2021-9-20)
    Abstract: Background: Personality disorders (PDs) are a severe health issue already prevalent among adolescents and young adults. Early detection and intervention offer the opportunity to reduce disease burden and chronicity of symptoms and to enhance long-term functional outcomes. While psychological treatments for PDs have been shown to be effective for young people, the mediators and specific change mechanisms of treatment are still unclear. Aim: As part of the “European Network of Individualized Psychotherapy Treatment of Young People with Mental Disorders” (TREATme), funded by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST), we will conduct a systematic review to summarize the existing knowledge on mediators of treatment outcome and theories of change in psychotherapy for young people with personality disorders. In particular, we will evaluate whether mediators appear to be common or specific to particular age groups, treatment models, or outcome domains (e.g., psychosocial functioning, life quality, and adverse treatment effects). Method: We will follow the reporting guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement recommendations. Electronic databases (PubMed and PsycINFO) have been systematically searched for prospective, longitudinal, and case–control designs of psychological treatment studies, which examine mediators published in English. Participants will be young people between 10 and 30years of age who suffer from subclinical personality symptoms or have a personality disorder diagnosis and receive an intervention that aims at preventing, ameliorating, and/or treating psychological problems. Results: The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and at conference presentations and will be shared with relevant stakeholder groups. The data set will be made available to other research groups following recommendations of the open science initiative. Databases with the systematic search will be made openly available following open science initiatives. The review has been registered in PROSPERO (evaluation is pending, registration number ID 248959). Implications: This review will deliver a comprehensive overview on the empirical basis to contribute to the further development of psychological treatments for young people with personality disorders.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-1078
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2563826-9
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Psychiatry Vol. 13 ( 2022-6-8)
    In: Frontiers in Psychiatry, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 13 ( 2022-6-8)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-0640
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2564218-2
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Leibniz Institute for Psychology (ZPID) ; 2019
    In:  Clinical Psychology in Europe Vol. 1, No. 2 ( 2019-06-28)
    In: Clinical Psychology in Europe, Leibniz Institute for Psychology (ZPID), Vol. 1, No. 2 ( 2019-06-28)
    Abstract: Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is a serious health issue associated with a high burden for the individual and society. Among the “Big Four” of evidence-based treatments for patients with BPD are two psychodynamic therapies that have evolved from classic psychoanalytic treatment with a change of setting and change of focus: Transference-Focused Psychotherapy (TFP) and Mentalization-Based Treatment (MBT). This overview provides a comparison of the two treatments in terms of stance, clinical concepts, costs and key interventions. Furthermore, the current literature on the efficacy of both treatments is reviewed. While TFP focuses on the content of disintegrated representations of self and other, MBT focuses on the processing of mental states. Both treatments diverge in their clinical concepts and interventions for the treatment of BPD. Although both treatments are regarded as effective in treating BPD, no direct comparison of both treatments has been made so far. Future studies are needed to investigate mechanisms of change and derive recommendations for a differential indication. Specialized therapies for BPD have favorable drop-out rates and outcome compared to non-specialized ones. MBT and TFP have very diverse clinical concepts and interventions for the treatment of BPD. Both, MBT and TFP show efficacy in RCTs. No trial has directly compared MBT and TFP; there is no evidence base for differential indication. Specialized therapies for BPD have favorable drop-out rates and outcome compared to non-specialized ones. MBT and TFP have very diverse clinical concepts and interventions for the treatment of BPD. Both, MBT and TFP show efficacy in RCTs. No trial has directly compared MBT and TFP; there is no evidence base for differential indication.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2625-3410
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Leibniz Institute for Psychology (ZPID)
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2935080-3
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    PAGEPress Publications ; 2018
    In:  Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome Vol. 21, No. 3 ( 2018-12-18)
    In: Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome, PAGEPress Publications, Vol. 21, No. 3 ( 2018-12-18)
    Abstract: Epistemic trust (ET) describes the willingness to accept new information from another person as trustworthy, generalizable, and relevant. It has been recently proposed that a pervasive failure to establish epistemic trust may underpin personality disorders. Although the introduction of the concept of ET has been inspiring to clinicians and is already impacting the field, the idea that there may be individual differences in ET has yet to be operationalized and tested empirically. This report illustrates the development of an Epistemic trust assessment and describes the protocol for its validation. The sample will include 60 university students. The Trier Social Stress Test for Groups will be administered to induce a state of uncertainty and stress, thereby increasing the relevance of information for the participants. The experiment will entail asking information from the participants about their performance and internal states during a simulated employment interview, and then tracking how participants are able to revise their own judgments about themselves in light of the feedback coming from an expert committee. To control for social desirability and personality disorder traits, the short scale for social desirability (Kurzskala Soziale Erwünschtheit-Gamma) and the Inventory of Personality Organization are utilized. After the procedure, the participants will complete an app-based Epistemic trust questionnaire (ETQ) app. Confirmatory Factor Analysis will be utilized to investigate the structure and dimensionality of the ETQ, and ANOVAs will be used to investigate mean differences within and between persons for ET scores by item category. This study operationalizes a newly developed ET paradigm and provides a framework for the investigation of the theoretical assumptions about the connection of ET and personality functioning.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2239-8031 , 2499-7552
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: PAGEPress Publications
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2654235-3
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  • 8
    In: PDP - Psychodynamische Psychotherapie, Klett-Cotta Journals, Vol. 22, No. 3 ( 2023-09), p. 245-259
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1618-7830
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Klett-Cotta Journals
    Publication Date: 2023
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2015
    In:  Frontiers in Psychology Vol. 06 ( 2015-06-08)
    In: Frontiers in Psychology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 06 ( 2015-06-08)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-1078
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2563826-9
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  • 10
    In: Kinderanalyse, Klett-Cotta Journals, Vol. 27, No. 3 ( 2019-07), p. 278-307
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0942-6051
    RVK:
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Klett-Cotta Journals
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1142119-8
    SSG: 5,2
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