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  • 1
    In: Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, IOP Publishing, Vol. 33, No. 28 ( 2021-07-14), p. 284001-
    Abstract: Platinum group metals such as palladium and rhodium based catalysts are currently being implemented in gasoline particulate filter (GPF) autoexhaust after treatment systems. However, little is known about how the trapped particulate matter, such as the incombustible ash, interacts with the catalyst and so may affect its performance. This operando study follows the evolution of the Pd found in two different model GPF systems: one containing ash components extracted from a GPF and another from a catalyst washcoat prior to adhesion onto the GPF. We show that the catalytic activity of the two systems vary when compared with a 0 g ash containing GPF. Compared to the 0 g ash sample the 20 g ash containing sample had a higher CO light off temperature, in addition, an oscillation profile for CO, CO 2 and O 2 was observed, which is speculated to be a combination of CO oxidation, C deposition via a Boudouard reaction and further partial oxidation of the deposited species to CO. During the ageing procedure the washcoat sample reduces NO at a lower temperature than the 0 g ash sample. However, post ageing the 0 g ash sample recovers and both samples reduce NO at 310 °C. In comparison, the 20 g ash GPF sample maintains a higher NO reduction temperature of 410 °C post ageing, implying that the combination of high temperature ageing and presence of ash has an irreversible negative effect on catalyst performance.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0953-8984 , 1361-648X
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: IOP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1472968-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 228975-1
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  • 2
    In: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation, International Union of Crystallography (IUCr), Vol. 29, No. 2 ( 2022-03-01), p. 431-438
    Abstract: To improve the understanding of catalysts, and ultimately the ability to design better materials, it is crucial to study them during their catalytic active states. Using in situ or operando conditions allows insights into structure–property relationships, which might not be observable by ex situ characterization. Spatially resolved X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy are powerful tools to determine structural and electronic properties, and the spatial resolutions now achievable at hard X-ray nanoprobe beamlines make them an ideal complement to high-resolution transmission electron microscopy studies in a multi-length-scale analysis approach. The development of a system to enable the use of a commercially available gas-cell chip assembly within an X-ray nanoprobe beamline is reported here. The novel in situ capability is demonstrated by an investigation of the redox behaviour of supported Pt nanoparticles on ceria under typical lean and rich diesel-exhaust conditions; however, the system has broader application to a wide range of solid–gas reactions. In addition the setup allows complimentary in situ transmission electron microscopy and X-ray nanoprobe studies under identical conditions, with the major advantage compared with other systems that the exact same cell can be used and easily transferred between instruments. This offers the exciting possibility of studying the same particles under identical conditions (gas flow, pressure, temperature) using multiple techniques.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1600-5775
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021413-3
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  • 3
    In: Frontiers in Public Health, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 10 ( 2022-12-2)
    Abstract: While chronic exposure to high levels of noise was demonstrated to increase the risk of various cardiovascular diseases, the association between noise annoyance and risk of cardiovascular disease remains still inconsistent. Recently, we showed that noise annoyance is associated with prevalent atrial fibrillation in the general population. However, the association between noise annoyance and risk of incident atrial fibrillation as well as potential sex-differences remain still elusive. Methods and results 15,010 subjects from a German population-based cohort were examined at baseline (2007 to 2012) and follow-up five years later (2012 to 2017) to investigative the association between noise annoyance due to multiple sources and prevalent and incident atrial fibrillation. After multivariable adjustment, the results from logistic regression analyses revealed overall consistent and positive associations between noise annoyance and prevalent and incident atrial fibrillation in men, whereas this association was weaker in women, in particular with respect to incident atrial fibrillation. For instance, industrial noise annoyance was associated with 21% (95% confidence interval (CI) 9–34%) and 18% (8–29%) higher odds of prevalent atrial fibrillation in men and women, respectively. In prospective analysis, this association remained stable in men (odds ratio (OR) 1.25, 1.07–1.44), while in women no association was observed (OR 1.03, 0.89–1.18). Conclusions The findings suggest that noise annoyance can increase the risk of incident atrial fibrillation in a large population-based cohort and that men may be more sensitive to the adverse effects of noise annoyance with regard to the risk of atrial fibrillation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-2565
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2711781-9
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  • 4
    In: International Journal of Public Health, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 68 ( 2023-5-22)
    Abstract: Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic and its protective measures have changed the daily lives of families and may have affected quality of life (QoL). The aim of this study was to analyze gender differences in QoL and to examine individuals living in different partnership and family constellations. Methods: Data from the Gutenberg COVID-19 cohort study (N = 10,250) with two measurement time points during the pandemic (2020 and 2021) were used. QoL was assessed using the EUROHIS-QOL questionnaire. Descriptive analyses and autoregressive regressions were performed. Results: Women reported lower QoL than men, and QoL was significantly lower at the second measurement time point in both men and women. Older age, male gender, no migration background, and higher socioeconomic status, as well as partnership and children (especially in men), were protective factors for QoL. Women living with children under 14 and single mothers reported significantly lower QoL. Conclusion: Partnership and family were protective factors for QoL. However, women with young children and single mothers are vulnerable groups for lower QoL. Support is especially needed for women with young children.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1661-8564
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2276416-1
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2018
    In:  Frontiers in Psychiatry Vol. 9 ( 2018-4-9)
    In: Frontiers in Psychiatry, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 9 ( 2018-4-9)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-0640
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2564218-2
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