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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Physical Activity and Its Association With Body Mass Index: A Cross-Sectional Analysis in Middle-Aged Adults From 4 Sub-Saharan African Countries
    Human Kinetics ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Physical Activity and Health Vol. 20, No. 3 ( 2023-03-1), p. 217-225
    Details
    In: Journal of Physical Activity and Health, Human Kinetics, Vol. 20, No. 3 ( 2023-03-1), p. 217-225
    Abstract: Background : This study aimed to explore association of self-reported physical activity domains of work, leisure, and transport-related physical activity and body mass index (BMI) in 9388 adult men and women from the Africa-Wits-INDEPTH partnership for Genomic (AWI-Gen) study in Africa. Africa-Wits-INDEPTH partnership for Genomic is a large, population-based cross-sectional cohort with participants from 6 sites from rural and urban areas in 4 sub-Saharan African countries. Methods : A sex-stratified meta-analysis of cross-sectional data from men and women aged 29–82 years was used to assess the association of physical activity with BMI. Results : Overall, meeting physical activity guidelines of at least 150 minutes per week was associated with 0.82 kg/m 2 lower BMI in men ( β  = −0.80 kg/m 2 ; 95% confidence interval [CI], −1.14 to −0.47) and 0.68 kg/m 2 lower BMI in women ( β  = −0.68 kg/m 2 ; 95% CI, −1.03 to −0.33). Sex and site-specific differences were observed in the associations between physical activity domains and BMI. Among those who met physical activity guidelines, there was an inverse association between transport-related physical activity and BMI in men from Nanoro (Burkina Faso) ( β  = −0.79 kg/m 2 ; 95% CI, −1.25 to −0.33) as well as work-related physical activity and BMI in Navrongo men (Ghana) ( β  = −0.76 kg/m 2 ; 95% CI, −1.25 to −0.27) and Nanoro women ( β  = −0.90 kg/m 2 ; 95% CI, −1.44 to −0.36). Conclusions : Physical activity may be an effective strategy to curb rising obesity in Africa. More studies are needed to assess the impact of sex and geographic location-specific physical activity interventions on obesity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1543-3080 , 1543-5474
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2022-0539
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Human Kinetics
    Publication Date: 2023
    SSG: 31
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Healthy Aging Adult South Africa report card: a systematic review of the evidence between 2013 and 2020 for middle-aged South African men and women
    Clinics Cardive Publishing ; 2022
    In:  Cardiovascular Journal of Africa Vol. 33, No. 4 ( 2022-9-5), p. 38-57
    Details
    In: Cardiovascular Journal of Africa, Clinics Cardive Publishing, Vol. 33, No. 4 ( 2022-9-5), p. 38-57
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1995-1892 , 1680-0745
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5830/CVJA-2022-015
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Clinics Cardive Publishing
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2606577-0
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Are South African Mothers Moving? Patterns and Correlates of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in Pregnant Black South African Women
    Human Kinetics ; 2017
    In:  Journal of Physical Activity and Health Vol. 14, No. 5 ( 2017-05), p. 329-335
    Details
    In: Journal of Physical Activity and Health, Human Kinetics, Vol. 14, No. 5 ( 2017-05), p. 329-335
    Abstract: Although physical activity during pregnancy may be beneficial, the prenatal period is a vulnerable time for decreasing physical activity levels and increasing sedentary time. Methods: This longitudinal cohort study measured physical activity using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) in singleton, pregnant women in the second (14–18 wk gestation; n = 332) and third trimester (29–33 wk; n = 256). Results: There was a significant decrease in total MVPA (MET mins/wk) between the second and third trimester ( P = .01). The majority of physical activity time was spent in walking for transport (80%), and less than 2% in recreational activities. In both trimesters, being married was inversely associated with walking for transport (second trimester: β = –0.12 95% CI = –0.31 to –0.02, third trimester: β = –0.17 95% CI = –0.47 to –0.07) and owning a car was positively associated with recreational physical activity (second trimester: β = 0.16 95% CI = 0.02 to 0.32, third trimester: β = 0.17 95% CI = 0.04 to 0.27). The women spent an average of 5 hours per day sitting. Conclusions: The low and declining levels of physical activity during pregnancy in this population are a concern. Interventions that include lifestyle education and provision of accessible recreational physical activity programs for pregnant women are needed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1543-3080 , 1543-5474
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2016-0388
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Human Kinetics
    Publication Date: 2017
    SSG: 31
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sarcopenic Obesity in Africa: A Call for Diagnostic Methods and Appropriate Interventions
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2021
    In:  Frontiers in Nutrition Vol. 8 ( 2021-4-16)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Nutrition, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 8 ( 2021-4-16)
    Abstract: This perspective aims to highlight the lack of current knowledge on sarcopenic obesity in Africa and to call for diagnostic methods and appropriate interventions. Sarcopenic obesity has been defined as obesity that occurs in combination with low muscle mass and function, which is typically evident in older adults. However, there has been no clear consensus on population-specific diagnostic criterion, which includes both gold-standard measures that can be used in a more advanced health care system, and surrogate measures that can be used in low-income settings with limited resources and funding. Importantly, low and middle-income countries (LMICs) across Africa are in an ongoing state of economic and social transition, which has contributed to an increase in the aging population, alongside the added burden of poverty, obesity, and associated co-morbidities. It is anticipated that alongside the increased prevalence of obesity, these countries will further experience an increase in age-related musculoskeletal diseases such as sarcopenia. The developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) approach will allow clinicians and researchers to consider developmental trajectories, and the influence of the environment, for targeting high-risk individuals and communities for treatment and/or prevention-based interventions that are implemented throughout all stages of the life course. Once a valid and reliable diagnostic criterion is developed, we can firstly assess the prevalence and burden of sarcopenic obesity in LMICs in Africa, and secondly, develop appropriate and sustainable interventions that target improved dietary and physical activity behaviors throughout the life course.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-861X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.661170
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2776676-7
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Compliance With Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Guidelines and Associations With Abdominal Adiposity in a Sample of Infants and Toddlers From Soweto, South Africa
    Human Kinetics ; 2019
    In:  Journal of Physical Activity and Health Vol. 16, No. 10 ( 2019-10-1), p. 872-879
    Details
    In: Journal of Physical Activity and Health, Human Kinetics, Vol. 16, No. 10 ( 2019-10-1), p. 872-879
    Abstract: Background : This study reported compliance with 24-hour physical activity and sedentary behavior guidelines, and associations with adiposity in the first 2 years of life. Methods : Participants (N = 119) were recruited from Soweto, South Africa. Visceral and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue was measured by ultrasound. Participation in 2 movement behaviors (physical activity and sedentary time) was reported by mothers. Differences in adiposity between those meeting each individual guideline, as well as the combination of both movement guidelines, compared with those not meeting the guidelines were assessed. Results : Only 5% of infants met the sedentary guidelines; however, 58% met the physical activity guidelines. Subcutaneous adipose tissue was significantly higher in those meeting the physical activity guideline (0.50 [0.01] vs 0.47 [0.01]  cm, P  = .03) compared with those not meeting the guideline. Meeting the screen time component of the sedentary guideline was associated with higher visceral adipose tissue ( β  = 0.96, P   〈  .01), while meeting one guideline compared with meeting none was associated with higher subcutaneous adipose tissue ( β  = 0.05, P  = .01). Conclusions : Most infants and toddlers from this low- to middle-income setting were not meeting sedentary behavior guidelines. Both behaviors were associated with abdominal adiposity, but not with body mass index z score; implying these movement behaviors may impact abdominal fat deposition rather than body size.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1543-3080 , 1543-5474
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2018-0182
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Human Kinetics
    Publication Date: 2019
    SSG: 31
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Adiposity Phenotypes and Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Adults from Sub–Saharan Africa: An H3Africa AWI–Gen Study
    Ubiquity Press, Ltd. ; 2021
    In:  Global Heart Vol. 16, No. 1 ( 2021-03-19), p. 19-
    Details
    In: Global Heart, Ubiquity Press, Ltd., Vol. 16, No. 1 ( 2021-03-19), p. 19-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2211-8179 , 2211-8160
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5334/gh.863
    DOI: 10.5334/gh.863.s1
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Ubiquity Press, Ltd.
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2629633-0
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Increased risk for type 2 diabetes in relation to adiposity in middle-aged Black South African men compared to women
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2022
    In:  European Journal of Endocrinology Vol. 186, No. 5 ( 2022-05-01), p. 523-533
    Details
    In: European Journal of Endocrinology, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 186, No. 5 ( 2022-05-01), p. 523-533
    Abstract: Despite a higher prevalence of overweight/obesity in Black South African women compared to men, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) does not differ. We explored if this could be due to sex differences in insulin sensitivity, clearance and/or beta-cell function and also sex-specific associations with total and regional adiposity. Methods This cross-sectional study included 804 Black South African men ( n  = 388) and women ( n  = 416). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure total and regional adiposity. Insulin sensitivity (Matsuda index), secretion (C-peptide index) and clearance (C-peptide/insulin ratio) were estimated from an oral glucose tolerance test. Results After adjusting for sex differences in the fat mass index, men were less insulin sensitive and had lower beta-cell function than women ( P   〈 0.001), with the strength of the associations with measures of total and central adiposity being greater in men than women ( P   〈 0.001 for interactions). Further, the association between total adiposity and T2D risk was also greater in men than women (relative risk ratio (95% CI): 2.05 (1.42–2.96), P   〈 0.001 vs 1.38 (1.03–1.85), P  = 0.031). Conclusion With increasing adiposity, particularly increased centralisation of body fat linked to decreased insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function, Black African men are at greater risk for T2D than their female counterparts.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0804-4643 , 1479-683X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1530/EJE-21-0527
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1485160-X
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Physical Behaviors and Their Association With Adiposity in Men and Women From a Low-Resourced African Setting
    Human Kinetics ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Physical Activity and Health Vol. 19, No. 8 ( 2022-08-1), p. 548-557
    Details
    In: Journal of Physical Activity and Health, Human Kinetics, Vol. 19, No. 8 ( 2022-08-1), p. 548-557
    Abstract: Background : We first explored the associations between physical behaviors and total and regional adiposity. Second, we examined how reallocating time in different physical behaviors was associated with total body fat mass in men and women from a low-income South African setting. Methods : This cross-sectional study included a sample of 692 participants (384 men and 308 women) aged 41–72 years. Physical behaviors were measured using integrated hip and thigh accelerometry to estimate total movement volume and time spent in sleeping, sitting/lying, standing, light physical activity, and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Total body fat mass and regional adiposity were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results : The associations between total movement volume and measures of regional obesity were mediated by total body adiposity. In men, reallocating 30 minutes of sitting/lying to 30 minutes of MVPA was associated with 1.0% lower fat mass. In women, reallocation of 30 minutes of sitting/lying to MVPA and 30 minutes of standing to MVPA were associated with a 0.3% and 1.4% lower fat mass, respectively. Conclusions : Although the association between physical behaviors and fat mass differed between men and women, the overall public health message is similar; reallocating sedentary time to MVPA is associated with a reduction in fat mass in both men and women.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1543-3080 , 1543-5474
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2022-0032
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Human Kinetics
    Publication Date: 2022
    SSG: 31
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Perceptions and experiences of young Black South African women with obesity from a low socioeconomic community after following a 12-week structured exercise intervention
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Sports and Active Living Vol. 4 ( 2022-10-5)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 4 ( 2022-10-5)
    Abstract: Previous research has shown that Black South African (SA) women perceive a bigger body size to be acceptable and desirable, but nonetheless have shown interest in participating in community-based exercise programmes. This study aimed to investigate perceptions and experiences of participating in a 12-week exercise intervention designed to study the mechanisms of insulin sensitivity and secretion in young Black SA women with obesity. Methods Qualitative data was collected from young (23 ± 2.9 years) Black SA women ( n = 17) residing in a low-income setting in Cape Town, who took part in a 12-week structured exercise intervention. Focus group discussions (FGDs) and in-depth interviews (IDIs) were conducted 1–4 months after the completion of the intervention. These were all audio recorded and took between 45 and 60 min. The recordings were transcribed, translated and qualitative content analysis, entailing a systematic process of coding and identification of salient themes, was conducted using the ATLAS.ti software. Results Six broad themes were identified from participants' experiences and perceptions: motivational factors, acceptability of the programme, barriers, sustainability and influencing others, benefits of being physically active, definitions and perceptions of exercise. Anticipated weight loss and financial remuneration were identified as motivational factors for enrolment and retention in the exercise programme. Aspects of the training environment and feelings of wellness appeared in the acceptability, sustainability and benefits themes, whereas time scheduling and travel constraints were regarded as barriers. Exercise was perceived as the maintenance of a healthy body, and in some cases, only relevant for specific groups. Conclusion Financial considerations played an important role in participants enrolling and staying in the 12-week exercise intervention. Participants liked many aspects of the intervention and identified physical and mental benefits that seemingly outweighed the barriers and disliked aspects of the programme. Optimizing the acceptability of exercise programmes and maximizing the opportunity for participants to experience improved mental well-being may contribute to attracting and retaining young Black SA women in exercise programmes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2624-9367
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2022.813339
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2969725-6
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Table_3.DOCX
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2021
    In:  Frontiers in Genetics Vol. 12 ( 2021-8-13)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Genetics, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 12 ( 2021-8-13)
    Abstract: Research in European and Asian populations has reported associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CYP17A1 and SERPINA6/A1 and circulating glucocorticoid concentrations, and some key cardiometabolic risk factors. This study aimed to investigate these associations in black South African adults, who are disproportionally affected by the metabolic syndrome and its related cardiometabolic risk factors. The dataset included black South African adults ( n = 4,431; 56.7% women) from the AWI-Gen study, genotyped on the H3A genotyping array and imputed using the African reference panel at the Sanger imputation service. From the imputed data, 31 CYP17A1 SNPs and 550 SERPINA6/A1 SNPs were extracted. The metabolic syndrome and its components were defined using the 2009 harmonized guidelines. Serum glucocorticoid concentrations were measured in a subset of 304 men and 573 women, using a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method. Genetic associations were detected using PLINK. Bonferroni correction was used to control for multiple testing. A SNP at SERPINA6/A1 , rs17090691 (effect allele G), was associated with higher diastolic blood pressure (BP) in all adults combined ( p = 9.47 × 10 −6 ). Sex-stratified analyses demonstrated an association between rs1051052 (effect allele G), another SERPINA6/A1 SNP, and higher high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations in women ( p = 1.23 × 10 −5 ). No association was observed between these variants and glucocorticoids or between any of the CYP17A1 SNPs and metabolic outcomes after adjusting for multiple testing. Furthermore, there were no associations between any of the SNPs tested and the metabolic syndrome. This study reports novel genetic associations between two SNPs at SERPINA6/A1 and key cardiometabolic risk factors in black South Africans. Future replication and functional studies in larger populations are required to confirm the role of the identified SNPs in the metabolic syndrome and assess if these associations are mediated by circulating glucocorticoids.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-8021
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.687335
    DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.687335.s001
    DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.687335.s002
    DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.687335.s003
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2606823-0
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