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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The James Webb Space Telescope Mission
    IOP Publishing ; 2023
    In:  Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific Vol. 135, No. 1048 ( 2023-06-01), p. 068001-
    Details
    In: Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, IOP Publishing, Vol. 135, No. 1048 ( 2023-06-01), p. 068001-
    Abstract: Twenty-six years ago a small committee report, building on earlier studies, expounded a compelling and poetic vision for the future of astronomy, calling for an infrared-optimized space telescope with an aperture of at least 4 m. With the support of their governments in the US, Europe, and Canada, 20,000 people realized that vision as the 6.5 m James Webb Space Telescope. A generation of astronomers will celebrate their accomplishments for the life of the mission, potentially as long as 20 yr, and beyond. This report and the scientific discoveries that follow are extended thank-you notes to the 20,000 team members. The telescope is working perfectly, with much better image quality than expected. In this and accompanying papers, we give a brief history, describe the observatory, outline its objectives and current observing program, and discuss the inventions and people who made it possible. We cite detailed reports on the design and the measured performance on orbit.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0004-6280 , 1538-3873
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1088/1538-3873/acd1b5
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: IOP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2003100-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2207655-4
    SSG: 16,12
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Racial Differences in Alzheimer’s Disease Specialist Encounters Are Associated with Usage of Molecular Imaging and Dementia Medications: An Enterprise-Wide Analysis Using i2b2
    IOS Press ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Alzheimer's Disease Vol. 79, No. 2 ( 2021-01-19), p. 543-557
    Details
    In: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, IOS Press, Vol. 79, No. 2 ( 2021-01-19), p. 543-557
    Abstract: Background: African Americans are at increased risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) but barriers to optimal clinical care are unclear. Objective: To comprehensively evaluate potential racial differences in the diagnosis and treatment of AD in an academic medical center. Methods: We used the clinical informatics tool, i2b2, to analyze all patient encounters for AD or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in the University of Alabama at Birmingham Health System over a three-year period, examining neuroimaging rates and dementia-related medication use by race and clinic site using ratio tests on contingency tables of stratified patient counts. Results: Enterprise-wide, African Americans were not underrepresented among outpatients seen for AD/MCI. However, there were differences in the clinic setting where visits occurred, with African Americans overrepresented in Geriatrics and primary care clinics and underrepresented in Memory Disorders specialty clinics. There were no racial differences in the rates at which any clinic ordered PET neuroimaging tests or dementia-related medications. However, unsurprisingly, specialty clinics ordered both PET neuroimaging and dementia-related medications at a higher rate than primary care clinics, and overall across the medical enterprise, African Americans were statistically less likely to have PET neuroimaging or dementia-related medications ordered. Conclusion: African Americans with AD/MCI were not underrepresented at this academic medical center but were somewhat less likely to have PET neuroimaging or to be on dementia-related medications, potentially in part from underrepresentation in the specialty clinics where these orders are more likely. The reasons for this underrepresentation in specialty clinics are likely multifactorial and important to better understand.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1387-2877 , 1875-8908
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3233/JAD-200796
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: IOS Press
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2070772-1
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Progression of Alzheimer’s Disease by Self-Reported Cancer History in the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
    IOS Press ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Alzheimer's Disease Vol. 76, No. 2 ( 2020-07-21), p. 691-701
    Details
    In: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, IOS Press, Vol. 76, No. 2 ( 2020-07-21), p. 691-701
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1387-2877 , 1875-8908
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3233/JAD-200108
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: IOS Press
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2070772-1
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Relationship Between Prior Cancer Diagnosis and All-Cause Dementia Progression Among US Adults
    IOS Press ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Alzheimer's Disease Vol. 88, No. 2 ( 2022-07-19), p. 521-535
    Details
    In: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, IOS Press, Vol. 88, No. 2 ( 2022-07-19), p. 521-535
    Abstract: Background: Cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI), a frequent effect of cancer and its treatments, shares common cognitive symptoms with dementia syndromes. Cross-sectional studies demonstrate an inverse relationship between cancer and dementia. However, the longitudinal relationship between dementia decline and cancer has not been investigated. Objective: To evaluate the association between cancer and longitudinal progression of dementia. Methods: We extracted electronic health record data from July 2003 to February 2020 from a single academic medical center. We identified dementia and cancer history prior to dementia using ICD-9/10 codes. We measured cognitive decline with the Alabama Brief Cognitive Screener (ABCs). We used adjusted linear mixed models to estimate baseline cognition and rate of progression by cancer history, including differences by race. Results: The study included 3,809 participants with dementia, of which 672 (17.6%) had cancer history. Those with cancer history had higher baseline cognition (β: 1.07, 95% CI: 0.45, 1.69), but similar rate of decline. Non-Hispanic Blacks had lower cognitive scores at baseline and throughout follow-up regardless of cancer status compared to non-Hispanic Whites and other races/ethnicities with and without cancer history. Conclusion: In this longitudinal retrospective study, participants with cancer history demonstrate better cognition at dementia diagnosis and no difference in cognitive decline than those without cancer history. Smoking and comorbidities attenuate this association and results indicate non-Hispanic Blacks have worse cognitive outcomes in dementia regardless of cancer history than other race/ethnicity groups. Further exploration of the role of smoking, comorbidities, and race/ethnicity on cancer and dementia-related cognitive decline is needed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1387-2877 , 1875-8908
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3233/JAD-220054
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: IOS Press
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2070772-1
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Biomarker Localization, Analysis, Visualization, Extraction, and Registration (BLAzER) Methodology for Research and Clinical Brain PET Applications
    IOS Press ; 2019
    In:  Journal of Alzheimer's Disease Vol. 70, No. 4 ( 2019-08-20), p. 1241-1257
    Details
    In: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, IOS Press, Vol. 70, No. 4 ( 2019-08-20), p. 1241-1257
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1387-2877 , 1875-8908
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3233/JAD-190329
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: IOS Press
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2070772-1
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Data_Sheet_1.PDF
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2021
    In:  Frontiers in Neuroscience Vol. 15 ( 2021-2-11)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Neuroscience, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 15 ( 2021-2-11)
    Abstract: Magnetic resonance imaging of hippocampal internal architecture (HIA) at 3T is challenging. HIA is defined by layers of gray and white matter that are less than 1 mm thick in the coronal plane. To visualize HIA, conventional MRI approaches have relied on sequences with high in-plane resolution (≤0.5 mm) but comparatively thick slices (2–5 mm). However, thicker slices are prone to volume averaging effects that result in loss of HIA clarity and blurring of the borders of the hippocampal subfields in up to 61% of slices as has been reported. In this work we describe an approach to hippocampal imaging that provides consistently high HIA clarity using a commonly available sequence and post-processing techniques that is flexible and may be applicable to any MRI platform. We refer to this approach as High Resolution Multiple Image Co-registration and Averaging (HR-MICRA). This approach uses a variable flip angle turbo spin echo sequence to repeatedly acquire a whole brain T2w image volume with high resolution in three dimensions in a relatively short amount of time, and then co-register the volumes to correct for movement and average the repeated scans to improve SNR. We compared the averages of 4, 9, and 16 individual scans in 20 healthy controls using a published HIA clarity rating scale. In the body of the hippocampus, the proportion of slices with good or excellent HIA clarity was 90%, 83%, and 67% for the 16x, 9x, and 4x HR-MICRA images, respectively. Using the 4x HR-MICRA images as a baseline, the 9x HR-MICRA images were 2.6 times and 16x HR-MICRA images were 3.2 times more likely to have high HIA ratings ( p & lt; 0.001) across all hippocampal segments (head, body, and tail). The thin slices of the HR-MICRA images allow reformatting in any plane with clear visualization of hippocampal dentation in the sagittal plane. Clear and consistent visualization of HIA will allow application of this technique to future hippocampal structure research, as well as more precise manual or automated segmentation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1662-453X
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.546312
    DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.546312.s001
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2411902-7
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Using atypical neuroleptic drugs to treat agitation in patients with a brain injury: a review
    IOS Press ; 1999
    In:  NeuroRehabilitation Vol. 13, No. 3 ( 1999-12-01), p. 165-172
    Details
    In: NeuroRehabilitation, IOS Press, Vol. 13, No. 3 ( 1999-12-01), p. 165-172
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1878-6448 , 1053-8135
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3233/NRE-1999-13306
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: IOS Press
    Publication Date: 1999
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2031489-9
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dementia Care in Diverse Older Adults in the U.S. Deep South and the Rest of the United States
    IOS Press ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Alzheimer's Disease Vol. 83, No. 4 ( 2021-10-12), p. 1753-1765
    Details
    In: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, IOS Press, Vol. 83, No. 4 ( 2021-10-12), p. 1753-1765
    Abstract: Background: Use of specialists and recommended drugs has beneficial effects for older adults living with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia (ADRD). Gaps in care may exist for minorities, e.g., Blacks, and especially in the United States (U.S.) Deep South (DS), a poor U.S. region with rising ADRD cases and minority overrepresentation. Currently, we have little understanding of ADRD care utilization in diverse populations in this region and elsewhere in the U.S. (non-DS), and the factors that adversely impact it. Objective: To examine utilization of specialists and ADRD drugs (outcomes) in racial/ethnic groups of older adults with ADRD and the personal or context-level factors affecting these outcomes in DS and non-DS. Methods: We obtained outcomes and personal-level covariates from claims for 127,512 Medicare beneficiaries with ADRD in 2013–2015, and combined county-level data in exploratory factor analysis to define context-level covariates. Adjusted analyses tested significant association of outcomes with Black/White race and other factors in DS and non-DS. Results: Across racial/ethnic groups, 33%–43% in DS and 43%–50% in non-DS used specialists; 47%–55% in DS and 41%–48% in non-DS used ADRD drugs. In adjusted analyses, differences between Blacks and Whites were not significant. Vascular dementia, comorbidities, poverty, and context-level factor “Availability of Medical Resources” were associated with specialist use; Alzheimer’s disease and senile dementia, comorbidities, and specialist use were associated with drug use. In non-DS only, other individual, context-level covariates were associated with the outcomes. Conclusion: We did not observe significant gaps in ADRD care in DS and non-DS; however, research should further examine determinants of low specialist and drug use in these regions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1387-2877 , 1875-8908
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3233/JAD-210240
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: IOS Press
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2070772-1
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Specialist Availability and Drug Adherence in Older Adults with Dementia Across Regions of the United States
    IOS Press ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Alzheimer's Disease Vol. 93, No. 3 ( 2023-05-30), p. 927-937
    Details
    In: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, IOS Press, Vol. 93, No. 3 ( 2023-05-30), p. 927-937
    Abstract: Background: Access to specialists facilitates appropriate Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia (ADRD) medication use and adherence. However, there is little information on the impact of specialists’ availability on ADRD medication adherence, especially in regions of the United States (US) where specialists are scarce, e.g., the Deep South (DS). Objective: To ascertain whether the availability of specialty physicians in the DS and other US regions predicts ADRD medication adherence among community-dwelling older adults Methods: We conducted secondary analyses of claims data for 54,194 Medicare beneficiaries with ADRD in 2013–2015. Medication adherence was measured using the proportion of days covered (PDC). Multivariable-adjusted Modified Poisson regression was used to examine associations of adherence with physicians’ availability by region. Results: The race/ethnicity distribution was 81.44% white, 9.17% black, 6.24% Hispanic, 2.25% Asian, and 1% other; 71.81% were female, and 42.36% were older than 85 years. Beneficiaries across regions differed in all individual and contextual characteristics except sex and comorbidities. Neurologists and psychiatrists’ availability was not significantly associated with adherence (DS = 1.00, 0.97–1.03 & non-DS = 1.01, 1.00–1.01). Race and having ≥1 specialist visits were associated with a lower risk of adherence in both regions (p  〈  0.0001). Advanced age, dual Medicare/Medicaid eligibility, and living in non-large metropolitan areas, were associated with adherence in the non-DS region. Conclusion: Among older Americans with ADRD, a context defined by specialist availability does not affect adherence, but other context characteristics related to socioeconomic status may. Research should further examine the influence of individual and contextual factors on ADRD treatment among older adults.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1387-2877 , 1875-8908
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3233/JAD-220620
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: IOS Press
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2070772-1
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Influence of Subject-Specific Effects in Longitudinal Modelling of Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer’s Disease
    IOS Press ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Alzheimer's Disease Vol. 87, No. 1 ( 2022-05-03), p. 489-501
    Details
    In: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, IOS Press, Vol. 87, No. 1 ( 2022-05-03), p. 489-501
    Abstract: Background: Accurate longitudinal modelling of cognitive decline is a major goal of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia (ADRD) research. However, the impact of subject-specific effects is not well characterized and may have implications for data generation and prediction. Objective: This study seeks to address the impact of subject-specific effects, which are a less well-characterized aspect of ADRD cognitive decline, as measured by the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale’s Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog). Methods: Prediction errors and biases for the ADAS-Cog subscale were evaluated when using only population-level effects, robust imputation of subject-specific effects using model covariances, and directly known individual-level effects fit during modelling as a natural control. Evaluated models included pre-specified parameterizations for clinical trial simulation, analogous mixed-effects regression models parameterized directly, and random forest ensemble models. Assessment used a meta-database of Alzheimer’s disease studies with validation in simulated synthetic cohorts. Results: All models observed increases in variance under imputation leading to increased prediction error. Bias decreased with imputation except under the pre-specified parameterization, which increased in the meta-database, but was attenuated under simulation. Known fitted subject effects gave the best prediction results. Conclusion: Subject-specific effects were found to have a profound impact on predicting ADAS-Cog. Reductions in bias suggest imputing random effects assists in calculating results on average, as when simulating clinical trials. However, reduction in error emphasizes population-level effects when attempting to predict outcomes for individuals. Forecasting future observations greatly benefits from using known subject-specific effects.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1387-2877 , 1875-8908
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3233/JAD-215553
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: IOS Press
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2070772-1
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