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  • American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)  (7)
  • Unknown  (7)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Animal sources of salmonellosis in humans
    American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) ; 2002
    In:  Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association Vol. 221, No. 4 ( 2002-08-01), p. 492-497
    Details
    In: Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA), Vol. 221, No. 4 ( 2002-08-01), p. 492-497
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-1488
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2460/javma.2002.221.492
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)
    Publication Date: 2002
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2904887-4
    SSG: 22
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Animal issues associated with Escherichia coli O157:H7
    American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) ; 2002
    In:  Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association Vol. 221, No. 8 ( 2002-10-01), p. 1122-1126
    Details
    In: Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA), Vol. 221, No. 8 ( 2002-10-01), p. 1122-1126
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-1488
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2460/javma.2002.221.1122
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)
    Publication Date: 2002
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2904887-4
    SSG: 22
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Comparison of the trotting gaits of Labrador Retrievers and Greyhounds
    American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) ; 2000
    In:  American Journal of Veterinary Research Vol. 61, No. 7 ( 2000-07-01), p. 832-838
    Details
    In: American Journal of Veterinary Research, American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA), Vol. 61, No. 7 ( 2000-07-01), p. 832-838
    Abstract: Objective —To compare the trotting gaits of Labrador Retrievers and Greyhounds to determine whether differences in locomotion are attributable to differences in their manner of moving or to body size and shape differences between these 2 breeds. Animals —8 healthy 5-month-old Greyhounds and 5 healthy Labrador Retrievers between 6 and 18 months old. Procedure —A series of 4 force platforms was used to record independent ground reaction forces on the forelimbs and hind limbs during trotting. Values of stride parameters were compared between breeds before and after normalization for size differences. Standard values of absolute and normalized stride period and stride length were determined from linear regressions of these parameters on relative (normalized) velocity. Forces were normalized to body weight and compared at the same relative velocity. Results —Greyhounds used fewer, longer strides than the Labrador Retrievers to travel at the same absolute speed. After normalization for body size differences, most measurable differences between breeds were eliminated. Subtle differences that did persist related to proportion of the stride that the forefoot was in contact with the ground, timing of initial hind foot contact relative to initial forefoot contact, and distribution of vertical force between the forelimbs and hind limbs. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance —Results suggest that apparent differences in the trotting gait between Labrador Retrievers and Greyhounds are mainly attributable to differences in size, and that dogs of these 2 breeds move in a dynamically similar manner at the trot. ( Am J Vet Res 2000;61: 832–838)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0002-9645
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.2000.61.832
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)
    Publication Date: 2000
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2056942-7
    SSG: 22
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evaluation of eicosanoid concentrations in stored units of canine packed red blood cells
    American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) ; 2017
    In:  Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association Vol. 250, No. 2 ( 2017-01-15), p. 191-198
    Details
    In: Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA), Vol. 250, No. 2 ( 2017-01-15), p. 191-198
    Abstract: OBJECTIVE To evaluate eicosanoid concentrations in freshly prepared canine packed RBCs (PRBCs) and to assess changes in eicosanoid concentrations in PRBC units over time during storage and under transfusion conditions. DESIGN Prospective study. SAMPLE 25 plasma samples from 14 healthy Greyhounds. PROCEDURES Plasma samples were obtained during PRBC preparation (donation samples), and the PRBC units were then stored at 4°C until used for transfusion (≤ 21 days later; n = 17) or mock transfusion if expired (22 to 24 days later; 8). Immediately prior to use, 100 mL of saline (0.9% NaCl) solution was added to each unit and a pretransfusion sample was collected. A posttransfusion sample was collected after transfusion or mock transfusion. Concentrations of arachidonic acid, prostaglandin (PG) F 2α , PGE 2 , PGD 2 , thromboxane B 2 , 6-keto-PGF 1α , and leukotriene B 4 were measured by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and analyzed statistically. RESULTS Median arachidonic acid concentration was significantly decreased in posttransfusion samples, compared with the concentration in donation samples. Median PGF 2α , 6-keto-PGF 1α , and leukotriene B 4 concentrations were significantly increased in pretransfusion samples, compared with those in donation samples. Median PGF 2α , thromboxane B 2 , and 6-keto-PGF 1α concentrations were significantly increased in posttransfusion samples, compared with those in pretransfusion samples. Duration of PRBC storage had significant associations with pretransfusion and posttransfusion arachidonic acid and thromboxane B 2 concentrations. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Concentrations of several proinflammatory eicosanoids increased in PRBC units during storage, transfusion, or both. Accumulation of these products could potentially contribute to adverse transfusion reactions, and investigation of the potential association between eicosanoid concentrations in PRBCs and the incidence of transfusion reactions in dogs is warranted.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-1488
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2460/javma.250.2.191
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2904887-4
    SSG: 22
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of anti-arthritis preparations on gene expression and enzyme activity of cyclooxygenase-2 in cultured equine chondrocytes
    American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) ; 2002
    In:  American Journal of Veterinary Research Vol. 63, No. 8 ( 2002-08-01), p. 1134-1139
    Details
    In: American Journal of Veterinary Research, American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA), Vol. 63, No. 8 ( 2002-08-01), p. 1134-1139
    Abstract: Objective —To determine the effects of recombinant equine interleukin -1β (reIL-1β) and 4 anti-inflammatory compounds on the expression and activity of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 in cultured equine chondrocytes. Sample Population —Articular cartilage from 9 young adult horses. Procedure —Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction methods were used to amplify a portion of equine COX-2 to prepare a cDNA probe. Northern blot analysis was used to quantify the expression of COX-2 in first-passage cultures of equine articular chondrocytes propagated in media containing dexamethasone (DEX), phenylbutazone (PBZ), polysulfated glycosaminoglycan, and hyaluronan, each at concentrations of 10 and 100 µg/ml and each with or without reIL-1β. A commercial immunoassay was used to determine prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) concentrations in conditioned medium of similarly treated cells to quantify COX-2 activity. Results —Addition of reIL-1β increased the expression of COX-2 in a dose-dependent manner, which was paralleled by an increased concentration of PGE 2 in culture medium. Concentration of PGE 2 in spent medium from reIL-1β-treated chondrocytes was significantly reduced by DEX and PBZ; however, only DEX significantly reduced gene expression of COX-2. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance —Prostaglandin E 2 is considered to be an important mediator in the pathophysiologic processes of arthritis, and cultured chondrocytes respond to interleukin-1 with enhanced expression and activity of COX-2. Palliative relief in affected horses is probably attributable, in part, to inhibition of PGE 2 synthesis; however, analysis of these data suggests that of the 4 compounds tested, only DEX affects pretranslational regulation of the COX-2 gene in cultured equine chondrocytes. ( Am J Vet Res 2002;63:1134–1139)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0002-9645
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.2002.63.1134
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)
    Publication Date: 2002
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2056942-7
    SSG: 22
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Development of an in vitro model of injury-induced osteoarthritis in cartilage explants from adult horses through application of single-impact compressive overload
    American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) ; 2013
    In:  American Journal of Veterinary Research Vol. 74, No. 1 ( 2013-01), p. 40-47
    Details
    In: American Journal of Veterinary Research, American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA), Vol. 74, No. 1 ( 2013-01), p. 40-47
    Abstract: Objective —To develop an in vitro model of cartilage injury in full-thickness equine cartilage specimens that can be used to simulate in vivo disease and evaluate treatment efficacy. Sample —15 full-thickness cartilage explants from the trochlear ridges of the distal aspect of the femur from each of 6 adult horses that had died from reasons unrelated to the musculoskeletal system. Procedures —To simulate injury, cartilage explants were subjected to single-impact uniaxial compression to 50%, 60%, 70%, or 80% strain at a rate of 100% strain/s. Other explants were left uninjured (control specimens). All specimens underwent a culture process for 28 days and were subsequently evaluated histologically for characteristics of injury and early stages of osteoarthritis, including articular surface damage, chondrocyte cell death, focal cell loss, chondrocyte cluster formation, and loss of the extracellular matrix molecules aggrecan and types I and II collagen. Results —Compression to all degrees of strain induced some amount of pathological change typical of clinical osteoarthritis in horses; however, only compression to 60% strain induced significant changes morphologically and biochemically in the extracellular matrix. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance —The threshold strain necessary to model injury in full-thickness cartilage specimens from the trochlear ridges of the distal femur of adult horses was 60% strain at a rate of 100% strain/s. This in vitro model should facilitate study of pathophysiologic changes and therapeutic interventions for osteoarthritis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0002-9645
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.74.1.40
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2056942-7
    SSG: 22
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evaluation of the influence of prostaglandin E2 on recombinant equine interleukin-1β-stimulated matrix metalloproteinases 1, 3, and 13 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 1 expression in equine chondrocyte cultures
    American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) ; 2002
    In:  American Journal of Veterinary Research Vol. 63, No. 7 ( 2002-07-01), p. 987-993
    Details
    In: American Journal of Veterinary Research, American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA), Vol. 63, No. 7 ( 2002-07-01), p. 987-993
    Abstract: Objective —To determine the effects of prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) on recombinant equine interleukin (IL)-1β-stimulated expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP 1, MMP 3, MMP 13) and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP 1) in vitro. Sample Population —Cultured equine chondrocytes. Procedure —Stationary monolayers of first-passage chondrocytes were exposed to graduated concentrations of PGE 2 with or without a subsaturating dose (50 pg/ml) of recombinant equine IL-1β (reIL-1β) to induce expression of MMP 1, MMP 3, MMP 13, and TIMP 1, followed by RNA isolation and northern blotting. In subsequent experiments, gene expression was similarly quantified from mRNA isolated from cultures pretreated with phenylbutazone to quench endogenous PGE 2 synthesis, followed by exposure to reIL-1β and exogenous PGE 2 (5 mg/ml) with appropriate controls. Results —Exogenous PGE 2 (10 mg/ml) significantly reduced reIL-1β-induced expression of MMP 1, MMP 3, MMP 13, and TIMP 1. Abrogation of cytokine induction with this dose of PGE 2 was comparable to that for dexamethasone (10 –5 M ) control. Similarly, pretreatment with phenylbutazone, followed by exposure to reIL-1β and PGE 2 (5 mg/ml), was associated with a reduced expression of the genes of interest, an effect that was significant for MMP 1, MMP 13, and TIMP 1. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance —The MMP and TIMP 1 are important mediators in the pathophysiologic events in osteoarthritis. The potential for physiologically relevant regulation of expression of these genes by PGE 2 is a consideration in the use of drugs that inhibit prostanoid synthesis in the treatment of equine arthropathies. ( Am J Vet Res 2002;63:987–993)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0002-9645
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.2002.63.987
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)
    Publication Date: 2002
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2056942-7
    SSG: 22
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