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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ergonomic Assessment of Multi Calibre Individual Weapon System in Virtual Reality Platform
    Defence Scientific Information and Documentation Centre ; 2019
    In:  Defence Science Journal Vol. 69, No. 3 ( 2019-04-30), p. 240-248
    Details
    In: Defence Science Journal, Defence Scientific Information and Documentation Centre, Vol. 69, No. 3 ( 2019-04-30), p. 240-248
    Abstract:      The primary objective of the study was to assess the compatibility of multi calibre individual weapon system (MCIWS) with the shorter, medium and larger individual users of Indian Army. Three dynamic digital human models (DHM) 5thp, 50thp, 95thp army pooled (AP) population were considered to accommodate wide range (more than 90 per cent) of the army population for ergonomic analysis of the weapon system with the help of digital human modelling software Jack. Solid model of MCIWS which was in Parasolid file format X_T (*.x_t) was imported into NX5 (solid model design software) and subsequently converted to JT (*.jt) format. This solid model was later translated into Jack 5.0.1 environment. Standing, squatting and crawling with the weapon were adopted for the study. Angular deviations of important joints, posture prediction using OWAS, and comfort discomfort assessment using Dreyfus 3D method were carried out in the study. The result of the study revealed that the operation in squatting and crawling conditions may increase postural load on neck, shoulder and upper arm. The pistol grip size, shape and contour are acceptable for the taller population. Removal of corrugated gripping surface, reduction of grip diameter and space adjustment for gloves use will be effective for optimal use. The position and size of fore grip seemed suitable for the taller users. Sight system could be accessed by all three user populations. It is advised to avoid holding the weapon for long duration with hands to prevent overuse injury or undue fatigue.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0976-464X , 0011-748X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.14429/dsj.69.14426
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Defence Scientific Information and Documentation Centre
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2410464-4
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cardio-respiratory and biochemical responses of military training event at Jungle environment
    Nepal Journals Online (JOL) ; 2021
    In:  Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2021-04-01), p. 15-23
    Details
    In: Asian Journal of Medical Sciences, Nepal Journals Online (JOL), Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2021-04-01), p. 15-23
    Abstract: Background: In military environment, soldiers regularly practice or undergo different types of extreme training activities. However, globally the literatures available on the physiological and biochemical demand of different extreme military training activities are very scanty and less reported. Aims and Objective: The present study was undertaken to quantify the cardio-respiratory and biochemical responses of military training event in jungle environment. Materials and Methods: Mathew’s Mad Mile (MMM) activity is a type of specialized run of 1.5 mile in jungle environment. This training activity was conducted on rugged jungle terrain comprised of undulated uphill, downhill, muddy surface. Twenty-five SHAPE-1 healthy soldiers were volunteered into training event. Cardiorespiratory data was recorded continuously throughout the event and venous blood sample was drawn before and immediately after completion of the event. Statistical significance was considered at p 〈 0.05. Results: There was no significant difference observed in heart rate and breathing rate while core body temperature was significantly (p = 0.02) higher in slow finisher as compared to fast finisher. In fast finisher, post exercise level of BDNF, BNP, SDH, cortisol and UCP1 increased significantly (p 〈 0.05), whereas, BHB (p 〈 0.01) decreased significantly in comparison to pre-exercise. In slow finishers, post exercise level of cortisol, KYNA and UCP1 increased significantly (p 〈 0.05), whereas, BDNF, BNP and SDH decreased significantly (p 〈 0.05), in comparison to pre-exercise. Conclusion: The outcome of this study indicated that the slow finishers were more susceptible to risk of injury due to higher exercise induced thermogenesis and mental stress in comparison to fast finisher.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2091-0576 , 2467-9100
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3126/ajms.v12i4.33923
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Nepal Journals Online (JOL)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2894889-0
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effect of shod walking on plantar pressure with varying uphill gradients
    Nepal Journals Online (JOL) ; 2020
    In:  Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol. 11, No. 6 ( 2020-11-01), p. 38-45
    Details
    In: Asian Journal of Medical Sciences, Nepal Journals Online (JOL), Vol. 11, No. 6 ( 2020-11-01), p. 38-45
    Abstract: Background: Uphill walking is biomechanically stressful. Changes in plantar pressure, is one of the important predictors of this stress and increased risk of foot injuries. It has been reported that civilians as well as different occupational workers have to walk over uphill gradient with footwear which may cause changes in plantar pressure. Till date published data on plantar pressure is not available of Indian population during shod walking with uphill gradients. Aims and Objective: The present study was aimed to generation of data base on plantar pressure and find out the effect of shod walking (wearing occupational boot) on plantar pressure at different uphill gradients. Materials and Methods: Twenty healthy male participated in this study. Plantar pressure was recorded using the pressure measurement system during walking at 4 km/hr speed on treadmill at level and different uphill gradients. Results: It was observed that the PP at all the five regions of both right and left foot (Forefoot, Mid-foot, Medial, Lateral, Heel and Overall) increased gradually along with the increase in gradients. There was significant increase of 8.94%, 9.93%, 18.22%, 16.06%, 10.27%, 12.92% respectively at left forefoot, mid-foot, heel, medial, lateral and overall regions at 10% gradient compared to level walking. Similarly, in right foot the increase was observed 8.20%, 10.82%, 14.28%, 13.75%, 8.27%, 10.88% in respective foot regions compared to level walking. Conclusion: Observations of the present study stated that with increasing gradient plantar pressure at various foot regions increased in both feet in comparison to level walking, maximum plantar pressure observed in heel region in both feet in comparison to other studied regions. This data will be considered as normal planter pressure value of adults at level and uphill gradients shod walking and may be utilized for prognosis of foot disorders and efficacy of treatment modalities of population comparable with studied individuals (for similar age, height and weight).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2091-0576 , 2467-9100
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3126/ajms.v11i6.29902
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Nepal Journals Online (JOL)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2894889-0
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Effect of Combat Vehicle Operation on Cognitive Workload and Performance
    Defence Scientific Information and Documentation Centre ; 2021
    In:  Defence Life Science Journal Vol. 6, No. 2 ( 2021-06-03), p. 177-186
    Details
    In: Defence Life Science Journal, Defence Scientific Information and Documentation Centre, Vol. 6, No. 2 ( 2021-06-03), p. 177-186
    Abstract: Multifaceted stress factors related to infantry combat vehicle (ICV) operation may be considered as major a source of cognitive workload, which may significantly impact the performance of infantry soldiers. The available literature on the effect of ICV’s operational environment on soldier’s cognitive workload is scanty or mostly unreported. The present study was designed to observe the effect of ICV operation on the i) cognitive workload ii) cognitive performance and iii) to study the association between cognitive workload and performance. Thirty soldiers [mean(SD)- age: 31.86(2.9) years, weight: 74.40(7.7) kg, and height: 171.33(3.42) cm] volunteered for this study. Their heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV) and respiratory frequency (RF) were recorded at three time points 00th-05th, 25th-30th and 55th-60th minute during the ICV operation. ‘A’ letter cancellation task (ALCT) was conducted to assess cognitive performance, before and after ICV operation. The internal temperature and relative humidity (RH) of ICV were assessed at same three time-points. Repeated measure ANOVA and Wilcoxon signed ranks test were conducted to observe significant changes in HR, HRV, RF, and cognitive performance. Association between HRV and ALCT was assessed using Pearson’s bivariate correlation. Changes were considered significant when p-value was ≤ 0.05. Significant increase in the HR and RF were observed along with significant decrease in both time and frequency domain of HRV after ICV operation. Similarly, ALCT showed a significant increase in the total and net score, and an increased error score in post-ICV operation. A strong positive correlation was observed between the ICV operation run-trial time and the increasing compartmental temperature (r=0.99) and RH (r=0.89). HRV components showed a negative correlation with ALCT measures. One hour of ICV operation resulted in increased cognitive workload and a significant decrease in the cognitive task performance. Internal temperature and RH of ICV are potential physical stress factors affecting the soldier’s workload and performance.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2456-0537 , 2456-379X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.14429/dlsj.6.16818
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Defence Scientific Information and Documentation Centre
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Quantification of Mental and Physiological Workload Associated with two Specialised Military Running Events on Different Terrains
    Defence Scientific Information and Documentation Centre ; 2022
    In:  Defence Life Science Journal Vol. 7, No. 3 ( 2022-09-13), p. 169-178
    Details
    In: Defence Life Science Journal, Defence Scientific Information and Documentation Centre, Vol. 7, No. 3 ( 2022-09-13), p. 169-178
    Abstract: Intense training regimes are practiced across military facilities to develop soldiers’ mental and physical abilities to meet the demands of modern-day warfare. Two short-duration military runs through the jungle and flat natural tracks were selected to quantify their mental and physiological workloads and explore track-specific differences. Two groups of healthy Indian soldiers (n=43 and 30; similar age, height, and weight) participated in time-bound 2.4 km runs on the jungle and flat natural tracks. Physiological variables, speed, and elevation with environmental parameters like temperature and humidity were recorded throughout the exercises. Subjective responses through NASA-TLX questionnaires were collected after the exercises. Mann-Whitney ‘U’ test was applied to find out the level of significance between groups.Physiological demands of runs on the jungle and flat natural track were similar (heart rate- 178.9 and 178.4 b/min; breathing rate- 42.0 and 46.6 breaths/min respectively; body temperature- 37.6℃ for both groups). The run on the jungle track needed a lower peak acceleration of 2.5 g (2.9 g on the flat track) and a higher variation in speed (4-16 knots). Participants expressed significantly high responses after the run on the jungle track. Run on the jungle track was physically intense, required adjustments in speed and acceleration to negotiate with the natural obstacles like uneven terrain and slippery surfaces. Besides this, environmental heat and higher humidity probably led to an increase in mental workload. The run on the flat natural track needed steady physical effort, fewer mechanical adjustments, and showed lower subjective responses.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2456-0537 , 2456-379X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.14429/dlsj.7.17841
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Defence Scientific Information and Documentation Centre
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Assessment of Muscular Fatigue with Electromyography on Lower Back and Leg Muscles during Continuous Uphill and Downhill Load Carriage Task
    Defence Scientific Information and Documentation Centre ; 2017
    In:  Defence Life Science Journal Vol. 2, No. 1 ( 2017-03-29), p. 21-
    Details
    In: Defence Life Science Journal, Defence Scientific Information and Documentation Centre, Vol. 2, No. 1 ( 2017-03-29), p. 21-
    Abstract: 〈 p 〉 Soldiers of Indian Army need to carry moderate to heavy load in complex terrain conditions as their routine activity, which may prove to be highly tiring for leg and back muscles. Soldiers’ regular movement at hilly area was simulated in a study consisting of a continuous uphill (UH) and downhill (DH) load carriage task to monitor state of fatigue at back and lower limb muscles. Twelve Indian soldiers walked at a fixed speed on five UH and five DH gradients with three loads (0, 10.7 kg and 21.4 kg). Electromyographic (EMG) recording was carried out throughout the experimentation on four groups of muscles- left and right Erector spinae (ESR and ESL), Vastus medialis (VMR and VML), Gastrocnemius medialis (GMR and GML), and Soleus (SOR and SOL) muscles. Median frequency (MDF) responses of tested muscles were derived from raw (EMG) data. Higher level of muscle fatigue was observed at highest UH inclination as the MDF response in GMR, GML and VMR was lowest at this point. The MDF response were found to be lower at DH gradients as the physical demand of that stage is less than the UH gradients. 〈 /p 〉
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2456-0537 , 2456-379X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.14429/dlsj.2.11018
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Defence Scientific Information and Documentation Centre
    Publication Date: 2017
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Visual Performance under Varying Illumination Conditions while using an Indigenously Developed Wrist Wearable Computer
    Defence Scientific Information and Documentation Centre ; 2021
    In:  Defence Life Science Journal Vol. 6, No. 3 ( 2021-07-27), p. 242-250
    Details
    In: Defence Life Science Journal, Defence Scientific Information and Documentation Centre, Vol. 6, No. 3 ( 2021-07-27), p. 242-250
    Abstract: Ambient illumination conditions have significant impact on users’ visual performance while carrying out onscreen reading tasks on visual display units, especially smaller screen sizes. Present study assessed the visual performance responses of different ambient illumination levels during onscreen reading on Wrist Wearable Computer (WWC) developed for the command-control-communication between the control room and the soldiers operating in remote locations. Ten (10) Indian Infantry soldiers performed two different types of loud reading tasks on the display of WWC under three different ambient illumination (mean ±SEM) conditions namely, Indoor controlled (450.00±10.00 lx), Outdoor daylight (11818.7±582.91 lx) and Indoor dark (0.12±0.03 lx) environments. While reading, participants wore an eye tracking glass which recorded the eye movement responses. Visualisation techniques were used to predict the association of illumination levelof surrounding with visual performance of the user. Subjective legibility rating was also applied to understand participants’ preferences towards physical attributes of the onscreen information and illumination level. Results indicated that illumination had a significant effect on eye movement parameters like fixation frequency, fixation duration and scanpath length while completing the tasks. Overall, participants performed better under indoor controlled illumination conditions in terms of fixation profile and scanpath length, apart from improved subjective legibility ratings as compared to other two illumination conditions. Future research attempts need to be directed towards the optimum performance of the display across wide range of ambient illumination conditions and to establish how the display of indigenously developed wearable computer performs in comparison to other such displays available across the globe.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2456-0537 , 2456-379X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.14429/dlsj.6.17170
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Defence Scientific Information and Documentation Centre
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Swallowed dentures in thoracic oesophagus
    Medip Academy ; 2020
    In:  International Surgery Journal Vol. 7, No. 6 ( 2020-05-26), p. 1994-
    Details
    In: International Surgery Journal, Medip Academy, Vol. 7, No. 6 ( 2020-05-26), p. 1994-
    Abstract: Oesophagus is the second most (46.8%) common site of impaction of foreign body in the gastro-intestinal tract. Dentures constitute the 3rd most common (2.4%) foreign body in oesophagus of adults, following meat bone (76.1%) and coin (3.6%).In our Institute, impacted dentures in esophageal are referred to our department after a failed endoscopic venture at removal by ENT surgeons. Extraction in such a situation calls for judicial planning and careful timing of the procedure to achieve satisfactory results. The present study was done on 11 cases of thoracic oesophageal dentures which were removed surgically in the Department of CTVS Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata over 2 years of period. Between 1st October 2017 to 30st September 2019, 11 dentures were extracted from thoracic oesophagus via right postero-lateral thoracotomy approach. The defect in the oesophagus after denture removal was primarily closed; with reinforcement using intercostals muscle pedicled flap. A defunctioning cervical oesophagostomy and a feeding jejunostomy (FJ) were done in all cases. Surgical leaks were noted in 5 cases, of which 1 lady had fulminant mediastinitis before she died. Pneumonia was observed in 4 cases, superficial surgical wound infection in 2 cases, blocked FJ tube in 1 case and leakage following closure of cervical oesophagostomy in 3 cases. Thoracic esophageal dentures are serious surgical entities which need early diagnosis and management. Pre-operative optimization is very important for avoiding surgical leakage.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2349-2902 , 2349-3305
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.18203/2349-2902.isj20202055
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Medip Academy
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Application of the predicted biomechanics approach in assessing work-related musculoskeletal discomfort among female brickfield workers in West Bengal, India
    IOS Press ; 2022
    In:  Work Vol. 72, No. 1 ( 2022-05-19), p. 149-155
    Details
    In: Work, IOS Press, Vol. 72, No. 1 ( 2022-05-19), p. 149-155
    Abstract: BACKGROUND: Manual brick manufacturing units in West Bengal, India are mostly unorganized sectors employing many migrant female workers in manual material handling tasks as brick moulders and brick carriers. OBJECTIVE: The study estimated the biomechanical postural stress developed due to manual load handling, carriage and brick transportation. METHODS: Body Part Discomfort Scale was used to assess the subjective pain felt by 18 adult female brick moulders and 12 brick carriers during work. Video recordings were taken during the actual field work and the images were analyzed for two-dimensional prediction kinetics and kinematics. RESULTS: Results show that the horizontal distance of the load from the body was 59.95±3.74 cm during the initial lifting of bricks by the brick carriers and so their biomechanical trunk angle inclination was significantly detrimental. The bending moment at the lumbosacral disc was much higher during the squatting posture while initial brick lifting. Moreover, the trunk and the neck pain of the brick carriers were caused by carrying 18% of body weight load. CONCLUSIONS: The brick carriers were the more vulnerable group in terms of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Therefore, ergonomic interventions such as relay brick carrying and pole supported balanced brick carrying, may be implemented to reduce the prevalence of pain. This study is the first of its kind that validates the extent or the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among the female brickfield workers through approaches of predicted biomechanics.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1051-9815 , 1875-9270
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3233/WOR-205067
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: IOS Press
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2055699-8
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Predictive equation for basal metabolic rate of young Indian soldiers
    Nepal Journals Online (JOL) ; 2016
    In:  Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol. 7, No. 6 ( 2016-10-31), p. 26-31
    Details
    In: Asian Journal of Medical Sciences, Nepal Journals Online (JOL), Vol. 7, No. 6 ( 2016-10-31), p. 26-31
    Abstract: Background: Currently, no specific predictive equation for BMR has been developed for the Indian armed forces whose BMR is expected to be higher compared to that of the general population because a greater proportion of their body weight is typically made up of muscle mass and bones.Aims and Objective: The present study aimed to identify a best suitable BMR predictive equation specifically for the young Indian soldiers and to compare the measured BMR values with those estimated using other equations.Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study on healthy individuals using random sampling. Anthropometric and body composition measurements, oxygen consumption (VO2) and carbondioxide production (VCO2) during experiment were determined by the process of breath-by-breath gas analysis using K4b2 system. Data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 12.0 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA). The relationship between the measured BMR and the recorded variables were evaluated using Pearson’s correlation coefficients and linear regression analysis. The results were considered significant at 5% level.Result: Mean measured BMR was significantly lower by 1.41%,  20.11%,  , 14.71%,  , 19.21%,   and 21.8% (p 〈 0.001) compared to the mean BMR predicted using the Weir, FAO/WHO/UNU, Harris and Benedict, ICMR and Miffin equations respectively.Conclusion: BMR in Indian is lower than predicted by the FAO/WHO/UNU 1985 equations by an average of 20.1% suggesting that lower energy needs of present study with similar body weight may put them at greater risk for developing obesity, especially in overweight people.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.7(6) 2016 26-31
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2091-0576 , 2467-9100
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3126/ajms.v7i6.14739
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Nepal Journals Online (JOL)
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2894889-0
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