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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    Socioeconomic and demographic factors in the diagnosis and treatment of Chiari malformation type I and syringomyelia
    Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG) ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics Vol. 29, No. 3 ( 2022-03-01), p. 288-297
    Details
    In: Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics, Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG), Vol. 29, No. 3 ( 2022-03-01), p. 288-297
    Abstract: The goal of this study was to assess the social determinants that influence access and outcomes for pediatric neurosurgical care for patients with Chiari malformation type I (CM-I) and syringomyelia (SM). METHODS The authors used retro- and prospective components of the Park-Reeves Syringomyelia Research Consortium database to identify pediatric patients with CM-I and SM who received surgical treatment and had at least 1 year of follow-up data. Race, ethnicity, and insurance status were used as comparators for preoperative, treatment, and postoperative characteristics and outcomes. RESULTS A total of 637 patients met inclusion criteria, and race or ethnicity data were available for 603 (94.7%) patients. A total of 463 (76.8%) were non-Hispanic White (NHW) and 140 (23.2%) were non-White. The non-White patients were older at diagnosis (p = 0.002) and were more likely to have an individualized education plan (p 〈 0.01). More non-White than NHW patients presented with cerebellar and cranial nerve deficits (i.e., gait ataxia [p = 0.028], nystagmus [p = 0.002] , dysconjugate gaze [p = 0.03], hearing loss [p = 0.003] , gait instability [p = 0.003], tremor [p = 0.021] , or dysmetria [p 〈 0.001]). Non-White patients had higher rates of skull malformation (p = 0.004), platybasia (p = 0.002), and basilar invagination (p = 0.036). Non-White patients were more likely to be treated at low-volume centers than at high-volume centers (38.7% vs 15.2%; p 〈 0.01). Non-White patients were older at the time of surgery (p = 0.001) and had longer operative times (p 〈 0.001), higher estimated blood loss (p 〈 0.001), and a longer hospital stay (p = 0.04). There were no major group differences in terms of treatments performed or complications. The majority of subjects used private insurance (440, 71.5%), whereas 175 (28.5%) were using Medicaid or self-pay. Private insurance was used in 42.2% of non-White patients compared to 79.8% of NHW patients (p 〈 0.01). There were no major differences in presentation, treatment, or outcome between insurance groups. In multivariate modeling, non-White patients were more likely to present at an older age after controlling for sex and insurance status (p 〈 0.01). Non-White and male patients had a longer duration of symptoms before reaching diagnosis (p = 0.033 and 0.004, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Socioeconomic and demographic factors appear to influence the presentation and management of patients with CM-I and SM. Race is associated with age and timing of diagnosis as well as operating room time, estimated blood loss, and length of hospital stay. This exploration of socioeconomic and demographic barriers to care will be useful in understanding how to improve access to pediatric neurosurgical care for patients with CM-I and SM.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1933-0707 , 1933-0715
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3171/2021.9.PEDS2185
    RVK:
    XA 55270.2
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 2
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    Online Resource
    Complications and outcomes of posterior fossa decompression with duraplasty versus without duraplasty for pediatric patients with Chiari malformation type I and syringomyelia: a study from the Park-Reeves Syringomyelia Research Consortium
    Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG) ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics Vol. 30, No. 1 ( 2022-07-01), p. 39-51
    Details
    In: Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics, Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG), Vol. 30, No. 1 ( 2022-07-01), p. 39-51
    Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine differences in complications and outcomes between posterior fossa decompression with duraplasty (PFDD) and without duraplasty (PFD) for the treatment of pediatric Chiari malformation type I (CM1) and syringomyelia (SM). METHODS The authors used retrospective and prospective components of the Park-Reeves Syringomyelia Research Consortium database to identify pediatric patients with CM1-SM who received PFD or PFDD and had at least 1 year of follow-up data. Preoperative, treatment, and postoperative characteristics were recorded and compared between groups. RESULTS A total of 692 patients met the inclusion criteria for this database study. PFD was performed in 117 (16.9%) and PFDD in 575 (83.1%) patients. The mean age at surgery was 9.86 years, and the mean follow-up time was 2.73 years. There were no significant differences in presenting signs or symptoms between groups, although the preoperative syrinx size was smaller in the PFD group. The PFD group had a shorter mean operating room time (p 〈 0.0001), fewer patients with 〉 50 mL of blood loss (p = 0.04), and shorter hospital stays (p = 0.0001). There were 4 intraoperative complications, all within the PFDD group (0.7%, p 〉 0.99). Patients undergoing PFDD had a 6-month complication rate of 24.3%, compared with 13.7% in the PFD group (p = 0.01). There were no differences between groups for postoperative complications beyond 6 months (p = 0.33). PFD patients were more likely to require revision surgery (17.9% vs 8.3%, p = 0.002). PFDD was associated with greater improvements in headaches (89.6% vs 80.8%, p = 0.04) and back pain (86.5% vs 59.1%, p = 0.01). There were no differences between groups for improvement in neurological examination findings. PFDD was associated with greater reduction in anteroposterior syrinx size (43.7% vs 26.9%, p = 0.0001) and syrinx length (18.9% vs 5.6%, p = 0.04) compared with PFD. CONCLUSIONS PFD was associated with reduced operative time and blood loss, shorter hospital stays, and fewer postoperative complications within 6 months. However, PFDD was associated with better symptom improvement and reduction in syrinx size and lower rates of revision decompression. The two surgeries have low intraoperative complication rates and comparable complication rates beyond 6 months.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1933-0707 , 1933-0715
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3171/2022.2.PEDS21446
    RVK:
    XA 55270.2
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)
    Publication Date: 2022
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 3
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    Dural augmentation approaches and complication rates after posterior fossa decompression for Chiari I malformation and syringomyelia: a Park-Reeves Syringomyelia Research Consortium study
    Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG) ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics Vol. 27, No. 4 ( 2021-04), p. 459-468
    Details
    In: Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics, Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG), Vol. 27, No. 4 ( 2021-04), p. 459-468
    Abstract: Posterior fossa decompression with duraplasty (PFDD) is commonly performed for Chiari I malformation (CM-I) with syringomyelia (SM). However, complication rates associated with various dural graft types are not well established. The objective of this study was to elucidate complication rates within 6 months of surgery among autograft and commonly used nonautologous grafts for pediatric patients who underwent PFDD for CM-I/SM. METHODS The Park-Reeves Syringomyelia Research Consortium database was queried for pediatric patients who had undergone PFDD for CM-I with SM. All patients had tonsillar ectopia ≥ 5 mm, syrinx diameter ≥ 3 mm, and ≥ 6 months of postoperative follow-up after PFDD. Complications (e.g., pseudomeningocele, CSF leak, meningitis, and hydrocephalus) and postoperative changes in syrinx size, headaches, and neck pain were compared for autograft versus nonautologous graft. RESULTS A total of 781 PFDD cases were analyzed (359 autograft, 422 nonautologous graft). Nonautologous grafts included bovine pericardium (n = 63), bovine collagen (n = 225), synthetic (n = 99), and human cadaveric allograft (n = 35). Autograft (103/359, 28.7%) had a similar overall complication rate compared to nonautologous graft (143/422, 33.9%) (p = 0.12). However, nonautologous graft was associated with significantly higher rates of pseudomeningocele (p = 0.04) and meningitis (p 〈 0.001). The higher rate of meningitis was influenced particularly by the higher rate of chemical meningitis (p = 0.002) versus infectious meningitis (p = 0.132). Among 4 types of nonautologous grafts, there were differences in complication rates (p = 0.02), including chemical meningitis (p = 0.01) and postoperative nausea/vomiting (p = 0.03). Allograft demonstrated the lowest complication rates overall (14.3%) and yielded significantly fewer complications compared to bovine collagen (p = 0.02) and synthetic (p = 0.003) grafts. Synthetic graft yielded higher complication rates than autograft (p = 0.01). Autograft and nonautologous graft resulted in equal improvements in syrinx size (p 〈 0.0001). No differences were found for postoperative changes in headaches or neck pain. CONCLUSIONS In the largest multicenter cohort to date, complication rates for dural autograft and nonautologous graft are similar after PFDD for CM-I/SM, although nonautologous graft results in higher rates of pseudomeningocele and meningitis. Rates of meningitis differ among nonautologous graft types. Autograft and nonautologous graft are equivalent for reducing syrinx size, headaches, and neck pain.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1933-0707 , 1933-0715
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3171/2020.8.PEDS2087
    RVK:
    XA 55270.2
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)
    Publication Date: 2021
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 4
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    Radiological and clinical predictors of scoliosis in patients with Chiari malformation type I and spinal cord syrinx from the Park-Reeves Syringomyelia Research Consortium
    Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG) ; 2019
    In:  Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics Vol. 24, No. 5 ( 2019-11), p. 520-527
    Details
    In: Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics, Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG), Vol. 24, No. 5 ( 2019-11), p. 520-527
    Abstract: Scoliosis is frequently a presenting sign of Chiari malformation type I (CM-I) with syrinx. The authors’ goal was to define scoliosis in this population and describe how radiological characteristics of CM-I and syrinx relate to the presence and severity of scoliosis. METHODS A large multicenter retrospective and prospective registry of pediatric patients with CM-I (tonsils ≥ 5 mm below the foramen magnum) and syrinx (≥ 3 mm in axial width) was reviewed for clinical and radiological characteristics of CM-I, syrinx, and scoliosis (coronal curve ≥ 10°). RESULTS Based on available imaging of patients with CM-I and syrinx, 260 of 825 patients (31%) had a clear diagnosis of scoliosis based on radiographs or coronal MRI. Forty-nine patients (5.9%) did not have scoliosis, and in 516 (63%) patients, a clear determination of the presence or absence of scoliosis could not be made. Comparison of patients with and those without a definite scoliosis diagnosis indicated that scoliosis was associated with wider syrinxes (8.7 vs 6.3 mm, OR 1.25, p 〈 0.001), longer syrinxes (10.3 vs 6.2 levels, OR 1.18, p 〈 0.001), syrinxes with their rostral extent located in the cervical spine (94% vs 80%, OR 3.91, p = 0.001), and holocord syrinxes (50% vs 16%, OR 5.61, p 〈 0.001). Multivariable regression analysis revealed syrinx length and the presence of holocord syrinx to be independent predictors of scoliosis in this patient cohort. Scoliosis was not associated with sex, age at CM-I diagnosis, tonsil position, pB–C2 distance (measured perpendicular distance from the ventral dura to a line drawn from the basion to the posterior-inferior aspect of C2), clivoaxial angle, or frontal-occipital horn ratio. Average curve magnitude was 29.9°, and 37.7% of patients had a left thoracic curve. Older age at CM-I or syrinx diagnosis (p 〈 0.0001) was associated with greater curve magnitude whereas there was no association between syrinx dimensions and curve magnitude. CONCLUSIONS Syrinx characteristics, but not tonsil position, were related to the presence of scoliosis in patients with CM-I, and there was an independent association of syrinx length and holocord syrinx with scoliosis. Further study is needed to evaluate the nature of the relationship between syrinx and scoliosis in patients with CM-I.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1933-0707 , 1933-0715
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3171/2019.5.PEDS18527
    RVK:
    XA 55270.2
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)
    Publication Date: 2019
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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