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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Spontaneous Remission from Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drug Abuse: Seeking Quantitative Answers to Qualitative Questions*
    Informa UK Limited ; 2000
    In:  The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse Vol. 26, No. 3 ( 2000-01), p. 443-460
    Details
    In: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, Informa UK Limited, Vol. 26, No. 3 ( 2000-01), p. 443-460
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0095-2990 , 1097-9891
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1081/ADA-100100255
    Language: English
    Publisher: Informa UK Limited
    Publication Date: 2000
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021266-5
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  • 2
    Online Resource
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    Discriminating between High and Low Volume Substance Abusers by Means of the Drug Lifestyle Screening Interview
    Informa UK Limited ; 1994
    In:  The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse Vol. 20, No. 1 ( 1994-01), p. 19-33
    Details
    In: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, Informa UK Limited, Vol. 20, No. 1 ( 1994-01), p. 19-33
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0095-2990 , 1097-9891
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3109/00952999409084054
    Language: English
    Publisher: Informa UK Limited
    Publication Date: 1994
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  • 3
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    Bronchopulmonary pharmacokinetics of (R)‐salbutamol and (S)‐salbutamol enantiomers in pulmonary epithelial lining fluid and lung tissue of horses
    Wiley ; 2017
    In:  British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology Vol. 83, No. 7 ( 2017-07), p. 1436-1445
    Details
    In: British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, Wiley, Vol. 83, No. 7 ( 2017-07), p. 1436-1445
    Abstract: Salbutamol is usually administered as a racemic mixture but little is known about the enantioselectivity of salbutamol pharmacokinetics in the lung. This study was designed to investigate enantiomer concentrations in lung tissue after inhaled dosing. Methods Horses ( n  = 12) received racemic salbutamol 1000 μg via inhalation. Enantioselective ultra performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was used to determine salbutamol concentrations in pulmonary epithelial lining fluid (PELF) sampled 2, 5, 10 and 15 min after administration, in central lung (endoscopic bronchial biopsy) and peripheral lung (percutaneous pulmonary biopsy) tissues (at 20 and 25 min respectively), and in plasma samples. Results Mean ± 95% confidence interval (CI) yield of PELF was 57 ± 10 mg. Initial mean ± 95%CI (R)‐ and (S)‐salbutamol PELF concentrations were 389 ± 189 ng g –1 and 378 ± 177 ng g –1 respectively, and both reduced approximately 50% by 15 min. Mean ± 95%CI central lung levels of drug were higher than peripheral lung tissue for both (R)‐salbutamol (875 ± 945 vs. 49.5 ± 12 ng g –1 ) and (S)‐salbutamol (877 ± 955 vs. 50.9 ± 12 ng g –1 ) respectively. There was no evidence of enantioselectivity in PELF or central lung but minor (~2%) enantioselectivity was observed in the peripheral lung. Enantioselectivity was clearly evident in plasma with (S):(R) ratio of 1.25 and 1.14 for both area under the concentration–time curve (0–25 min) and C max respectively. Conclusions PELF sampling in horses offers sufficient yield allowing direct detection of drug and, combined with tissue sampling, is a valuable model to investigate bronchopulmonary pharmacokinetics. Salbutamol did not demonstrate enantioselectivity in PELF or central lung tissue uptake following acute dosing, however, enantioselective plasma concentrations were demonstrated, with minor enantioselectivity in the peripheral lung.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0306-5251 , 1365-2125
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/bcp.v83.7
    DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13228
    RVK:
    XA 33650
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1498142-7
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Conducting Psychoeducational Interventions with Drug Abusing Clients: The Lifestyle Model
    SAGE Publications ; 1997
    In:  Journal of Drug Education Vol. 27, No. 3 ( 1997-09), p. 307-319
    Details
    In: Journal of Drug Education, SAGE Publications, Vol. 27, No. 3 ( 1997-09), p. 307-319
    Abstract: A psychoeducational model of intervention is proposed for use with drug abusing clients. This model may be particularly helpful during the early stages of intervention in reducing resistance to change because it addresses the eight thinking styles (mollification, cutoff, entitlement, power orientation, sentimentality, superoptimism, cognitive indolence, discontinuity) believed to shield the drug “lifestyle” from forces that would otherwise bring about change. Practical suggestions are offered as to how this information might be shared with clients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0047-2379 , 1541-4159
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2190/DJ75-35LF-NTRD-R4U6
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 1997
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2067228-7
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  • 5
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    Salmeterol undergoes enantioselective bronchopulmonary distribution with receptor localisation a likely determinant of duration of action
    Elsevier BV ; 2018
    In:  Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis Vol. 154 ( 2018-05), p. 102-107
    Details
    In: Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, Elsevier BV, Vol. 154 ( 2018-05), p. 102-107
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0731-7085
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.02.048
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1491820-1
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Enantioselective disposition of ( R,R )‐formoterol, ( S,S )‐formoterol and their respective glucuronides in urine following single inhaled dosing and application to doping control
    Wiley ; 2019
    In:  Drug Testing and Analysis Vol. 11, No. 7 ( 2019-07), p. 950-956
    Details
    In: Drug Testing and Analysis, Wiley, Vol. 11, No. 7 ( 2019-07), p. 950-956
    Abstract: Formoterol is a long‐acting beta2‐adrenoceptor agonist (LABA) used for the treatment of asthma and exercise‐induced bronchoconstriction. Formoterol is usually administered as a racemic ( rac ‐) mixture of ( R,R )‐ and ( S,S )‐enantiomers. While formoterol is restricted by the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA), inhalation of formoterol is permitted to a predetermined dose (54 μg/24 hours) and a urine threshold of 40 ng/mL. However, chiral switch enantiopure ( R,R )‐formoterol is available, effectively doubling the therapeutic advantage for the same threshold. The aim of this study was to investigate whether formoterol exhibits enantioselective urinary pharmacokinetics following inhalation. Six healthy volunteers were administered a 12 μg inhaled dose of rac ‐formoterol. Urine was collected over 24 hours and analyzed by enantioselective ultra‐performance liquid chromatography−tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC−MS/MS) assay. Total (free drug plus conjugated metabolite) median (min‐max) rac ‐formoterol urine levels following inhalation were 1.96 (1.05–13.4) ng/mL, 1.67 (0.16–9.67) ng/mL, 0.45 (0.16–1.51) ng/mL, 0.61 (0.33–0.78) ng/mL, and 0.17 (0.08–1.06) ng/mL at 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours, respectively, well below the 2019 urine threshold. The proportion of conjugation differed between enantiomers with glucuronide conjugation much greater for ( R,R )‐formoterol (around 30%–60% of total) compared to ( S,S )‐formoterol (0%–30%). There was clear evidence of inter‐individual enantioselectivity observed in the ratios of ( R,R ):( S,S )‐formoterol, where ( S,S )‐ was predominant in free formoterol, and ( R,R )‐ predominant in the conjugated metabolite. In conclusion, rac ‐formoterol delivered by inhalation exhibits enantioselective elimination in urine following single‐dose administration. Enantioselective assays should be employed in doping control to screen for banned beta2‐agonist chiral switch products such as ( R,R )‐formoterol, and total hydrolyzed rac‐ formoterol is warranted to account for inter‐individual differences in enantioselective glucuronidation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1942-7603 , 1942-7611
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/dta.v11.7
    DOI: 10.1002/dta.2587
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2462344-1
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Affective Drinking Motives, Delinquency and Binge Drinking: A Comparison of Male and Female High School Seniors
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2020
    In:  Alcohol and Alcoholism Vol. 55, No. 5 ( 2020-08-14), p. 571-577
    Details
    In: Alcohol and Alcoholism, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 55, No. 5 ( 2020-08-14), p. 571-577
    Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the association between affective drinking motives, delinquency and binge drinking varied as a function of sex and if so, whether delinquency moderated the relationship between affective drinking motives and binge drinking in late adolescent males and females. Methods Participants were 623 (257 males, 366 females) high school seniors from the 2018 Monitoring the Future study. A principal components analysis was initially performed to create component scores for the first factor of a 15-item drinking motives scale subsequently labeled affective drinking motives. These scores, along with sex and a measure of delinquency, were then entered into a three-way interaction. The interaction was found to correlate significantly with binge drinking. Because of the significant three-way interaction, analyses were performed on male and female participants separately. Results Analyses conducted on male participants revealed a moderate correlation between affective drinking motives and binge drinking but no evidence of an interaction between affective drinking motives and delinquency. Analyses performed on female participants, on the other hand, identified a significant main effect for affective drinking motives and a negative interaction between affective drinking motives and delinquency, indicating that the relationship between affective drinking motives and binge drinking was strongest when delinquency was low. Conclusions These results suggest that while delinquency had no apparent impact on the affective drinking motive–binge drinking correlation in boys, low delinquency clearly amplified the counter-binge drinking effects of low affective drinking motives in girls.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0735-0414 , 1464-3502
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agaa070
    RVK:
    YH 2900
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1483492-3
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  • 8
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    SULT 1A3 single‐nucleotide polymorphism and the single dose pharmacokinetics of inhaled salbutamol enantiomers: Are some athletes at risk of higher urine levels?
    Wiley ; 2015
    In:  Drug Testing and Analysis Vol. 7, No. 2 ( 2015-02), p. 109-113
    Details
    In: Drug Testing and Analysis, Wiley, Vol. 7, No. 2 ( 2015-02), p. 109-113
    Abstract: The study was designed to investigate the effect of a common genetic variation of the main salbutamol metabolizing enzyme SULT1A3 (single nucleotide polymorphism 105A 〉 G, rs1975350) on the stereoselective pharmacokinetics of salbutamol. Subjects were administered a 400 µg dose of inhaled salbutamol via a large volume spacer and blood samples were collected over 4 h. Plasma levels of (R)‐ and (S)‐salbutamol were determined by an enantioselective liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) assay. Twenty‐five subjects with asthma were recruited and underwent SULT1A3 genotyping, from which four SNP homozygote (GG) subjects and nine wild‐type (AA) subjects were selected to participated in the pharmacokinetic investigation. There were no differences in pharmacokinetic parameters (t 1/2 , C max , AUC 0‐4h ) between SNP and wild‐type genotypes for either the R ‐ or S ‐enantiomer. Observed C max of R ‐ and S ‐salbutamol [mean (SD)] was 0.64 (0.30) ng/mL and 1.32 (0.98) ng/mL, respectively. The mean t 1/2 of R ‐ and S ‐salbutamol was estimated at 2.94 (1.17) h and 7.86 (6.14) h respectively. The AUC 0‐4h of R ‐ and S ‐salbutamol was 14.0 (6.8) and 38.3 (19.5) ng/mL.h respectively. In conclusion, the common SULT1A3 SNP 105A 〉 G is not an important determinant of salbutamol enantiomer pharmacokinetics under normal clinical use and does not place some individuals at greater risk of accumulation in the body. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1942-7603 , 1942-7611
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/dta.v7.2
    DOI: 10.1002/dta.1645
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2015
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  • 9
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    Enantioselective disposition of (R)‐salmeterol and (S)‐salmeterol in urine following inhaled dosing and application to doping control
    Wiley ; 2017
    In:  Drug Testing and Analysis Vol. 9, No. 8 ( 2017-08), p. 1262-1266
    Details
    In: Drug Testing and Analysis, Wiley, Vol. 9, No. 8 ( 2017-08), p. 1262-1266
    Abstract: Salmeterol (USAN, INN, BAN) is a long‐acting beta2‐adrenoceptor agonist (LABA) widely used in the treatment of airways disease. Although salmeterol is permitted via inhalation by athletes and supratherapeutic dosing may enhance performance, no urine threshold has been established by the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA). Salmeterol is a chiral compound consisting of (R)‐ and (S)‐enantiomers, normally administered as racemic ( rac‐ ) mixture via inhalation. Levels of rac‐ salmeterol in urine are often below detectable levels and there is surprisingly little information regarding the enantioselectivity of salmeterol pharmacokinetics. In this study, subjects inhaled either 50 (n = 6) or 200 µg (n = 4; generally regarded as maximum therapeutic dose) of salmeterol and urine was then collected for 24 h and analyzed by enantioselective ultra performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS/MS). Maximum rac‐ salmeterol urine concentrations were obtained at 2 h for both doses with medians of 0.084 ng/mL after the 50 µg dose and 2.1 ng/mL after the 200 µg dose, with an individual maximum of 5.7 ng/mL. Levels were detectable at 24 h for both doses. Salmeterol displayed enantioselective pharmacokinetics, with a mean ± SD log (S):(R) = 0.055 ± 0.025 (P 〈 0.0001) equivalent to (S):(R) of 1.13. In conclusion, rac‐ salmeterol by inhalation exhibits modest enantioselectivity in urine following single dose administration and can be detected following a single 50 µg dose for up to 24 h after inhalation. The present findings are of relevance if a urine threshold limit is to be introduced for salmeterol on the list of prohibited substances. The application of an enantiomer ratio analysis may offer improved discriminatory detection capability for doping control analysis applications. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1942-7603 , 1942-7611
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/dta.v9.8
    DOI: 10.1002/dta.2131
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2017
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  • 10
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    Long-Acting β2-Agonists in Asthma: Enantioselective Safety Studies are Needed
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2018
    In:  Drug Safety Vol. 41, No. 5 ( 2018-5), p. 441-449
    Details
    In: Drug Safety, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 41, No. 5 ( 2018-5), p. 441-449
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0114-5916 , 1179-1942
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s40264-017-0631-1
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2023894-0
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