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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    CONCENTRATION AND TIME DEPENDENT EFFECT OF ALUMINIUM METAL ON GLUTATHIONE LEVEL IN PLASMA OF HUMAN BLOOD
    Intellectual Consortium of Drug Discovery and Technology Development Incorporation ; 2011
    In:  Journal of Applied Pharmacy Vol. 3 ( 2011-07-09), p. 279-288
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Pharmacy, Intellectual Consortium of Drug Discovery and Technology Development Incorporation, Vol. 3 ( 2011-07-09), p. 279-288
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1920-4159
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.21065/19204159.3.279
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Intellectual Consortium of Drug Discovery and Technology Development Incorporation
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2728576-5
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Formulation and in vitro Evaluation of Effervescent Bilayer Floating Controlled Release Tablets of Clarithromycin and Famotidine
    A and V Publications ; 2021
    In:  Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology
    Details
    In: Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, A and V Publications
    Abstract: The development of floating tablets with required buoyancy, lag time, and controlling release behaviour of drugs at target site is truly interesting and challenging task for researchers. Current study is concerned with the designing of effervescent floating controlled release tablets of clarithromycin and famotidine to treat peptic ulcer due to Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. Five formulations (F1-F5) were prepared, among which three formulations were of bilayered tablets while the remaining were included as plain tablets. These tablets were prepared by direct compression method using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) K100M, HPMC K4M and sodium bicarbonate as swelling and floating agents respectively. The qualitative tests such as thickness, hardness, weight variation, friability and uniformity of content were performed to ensure the quality of prepared tablets. The floating lag time of all formulations ranged from 14 to 20 seconds. The effervescent floating tablets with HPMC K4M (F1, F3 & F5) attained the total floating time of more than 12 hours, while tablets prepared with HPMC K100M (F2 & F4) achieved the total floating time of less than 7 hours. This difference in floating behaviour could be due to the variation in compaction and flow properties of the two polymers. The formulations with HPMC K100M (F2 & F4) have comparatively more sustained drug release properties when compared to F1, F3 and F4 using HPMC K4M as swelling and floating polymers. This could be attributed to better compaction of HPMC K100M. The prepared tablets follow non-Fickian diffusion kinetics. Overall, these floating controlled release effervescent bilayer and plain tablets may enhance the compliance and therapeutic outcomes of clarithromycin and famotidine in treatment of H. pylori.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0974-360X , 0974-3618
    URL: Journal
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.52711/0974-360X
    DOI: 10.52711/0974-360X.2021.00762
    Language: English
    Publisher: A and V Publications
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2846942-2
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    STUDY OF THE CHEMICAL AND METABOLIC CHANGES IN PLASMA GLUTATHIONE (GSH) OF HUMAN BLOOD AFTER LITHIUM INTRODUCTION
    Intellectual Consortium of Drug Discovery and Technology Development Incorporation ; 2011
    In:  Journal of Applied Pharmacy Vol. 3 ( 2011-04-13), p. 201-211
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Pharmacy, Intellectual Consortium of Drug Discovery and Technology Development Incorporation, Vol. 3 ( 2011-04-13), p. 201-211
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1920-4159
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.21065/19204159.3.201
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Intellectual Consortium of Drug Discovery and Technology Development Incorporation
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2728576-5
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Formulation and in - vitro evaluation of directly compressed controlled release matrices of Losartan Potassium using Ethocel Grade 100 as rate retarding agent
    Elsevier BV ; 2015
    In:  International Journal of Pharmaceutics Vol. 496, No. 2 ( 2015-12), p. 759-765
    Details
    In: International Journal of Pharmaceutics, Elsevier BV, Vol. 496, No. 2 ( 2015-12), p. 759-765
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0378-5173
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.10.051
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1484643-3
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Anti-Alzheimer and Antioxidant Effects of Nelumbo nucifera L. Alkaloids, Nuciferine and Norcoclaurine in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Albino Rats
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Pharmaceuticals Vol. 15, No. 10 ( 2022-09-28), p. 1205-
    Details
    In: Pharmaceuticals, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 10 ( 2022-09-28), p. 1205-
    Abstract: The present study is aimed to determine the efficacy and dose response of the nuciferine (1), norcoclaurine (2) and crude extract of Nelumbo nucifera in managements of diabetes, Alzheimer disease and related allergies. Experimentally, alloxan (100 mg/kg body weight (b.w.))-induced diabetic rats (200–250 g) were divided into seven groups (n = 6). Group I: normal control, Group II: diabetic control, Group III: standard treated with glibenclamide and Group lV-VII: treated with methanolic crude extracts (100, 200 mg/kg), nuciferine and norcoclaurine (10 mg/kg b.w.) for 15 days. Different tests were performed, including blood glucose, body weights and antioxidant enzyme assays, i.e., superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase test (CAT), lipid peroxidation assay (TBARS), glutathione assay (GSH) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) assay. Nuciferine and norcoclaurine significantly reduced blood glucose (p 〈 0.05) and restored body weight in diabetic rats. Moreover, nuciferine and norcoclaurine (10 mg/kg) significantly recovered the antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPx and GSH) which decreased during induced diabetes. Significant increase in TBARS was also observed in the diabetic group and nuciferine as well as norcoclaurine (10 mg/kg) inhibited the increase in TBARS in diabetic animals (p 〈 0.05), as compared to glibenclamide. AChE activity was significantly recovered by nuciferine and norcoclaurine (10 mg/kg) both in the blood and brain of the diabetic group (p 〈 0.05). Nuciferine and norcoclaurine showed potent inhibitory effects against α-glucosidase and α-amylase with IC50, 19.06 ± 0.03, 15.03 ± 0.09 μM and 24.07 ± 0.05, 18.04 ± 0.021 μM, as confirmed by molecular docking studies. This study concludes that nuciferine and norcoclaurine significantly improve memory and could be considered as an effective phytomedicine for diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and oxidative stress.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8247
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ph15101205
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2193542-7
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Pharmacological Evaluation of Safoof-e-Pathar Phori- A Polyherbal Unani Formulation for Urolithiasis
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2021
    In:  Frontiers in Pharmacology Vol. 12 ( 2021-4-14)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Pharmacology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 12 ( 2021-4-14)
    Abstract: Safoof-e-Pathar phori (SPP) is an Unani poly-herbomineral formulation, which has for a long time been used as a medicine due to its antiurolithiatic activity, as per the Unani Pharmacopoeia. This powder formulation is prepared using six different plant/mineral constituents. In this study, we explored the antiurolithiatic and antioxidant potentials of SPP (at 700 and 1,000 mg/kg) in albino Wistar rats with urolithiasis induced by 0.75% ethylene glycol (EG) and 1% ammonium chloride (AC). Long-term oral toxicity studies were performed according to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guidelines for 90 days at an oral dose of 700 mg/kg of SPP. The EG urolithiatic toxicant group had significantly higher levels of urinary calcium, serum creatinine, blood urea, and tissue lipid peroxidation and significantly ( p & lt; 0.001 vs control) lower levels of urinary sodium and potassium than the normal control group. Histopathological examination revealed the presence of refractile crystals in the tubular epithelial cell and damage to proximal tubular epithelium in the toxicant group but not in the SPP treatment groups. Treatment of SPP at 700 and 1,000 mg/kg significantly ( p & lt; 0.001 vs toxicant) lowered urinary calcium, serum creatinine, blood urea, and lipid peroxidation in urolithiatic rats, 21 days after induction of urolithiasis compared to the toxicant group. A long-term oral toxicity study revealed the normal growth of animals without any significant change in hematological, hepatic, and renal parameters; there was no evidence of abnormal histology of the heart, kidney, liver, spleen, or stomach tissues. These results suggest the usefulness of SPP as an antiurolithiatic and an antioxidant agent, and long-term daily oral consumption of SPP was found to be safe in albino Wistar rats for up to 3 months. Thus, SPP may be safe for clinical use as an antiurolithiatic formulation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1663-9812
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.597990
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2587355-6
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    17β-Estradiol Abrogates Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation after Cortical Stab Wound Injury
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Antioxidants Vol. 10, No. 11 ( 2021-10-25), p. 1682-
    Details
    In: Antioxidants, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 11 ( 2021-10-25), p. 1682-
    Abstract: Disruptions in brain energy metabolism, oxidative damage, and neuroinflammation are commonly seen in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Microglial activation is the hallmark of neuroinflammation. After brain injury, microglia also act as a double-edged sword with distinctive phenotypic changes. Therefore, therapeutic applications to potentiate microglia towards pro-inflammatory response following brain injury have become the focus of attention in recent years. Here, in the current study, we investigated the hypothesis that 17β-estradiol could rescue the mouse brain against apoptotic cell death and neurodegeneration by suppressing deleterious proinflammatory response probably by abrogating metabolic stress and oxidative damage after brain injury. Male C57BL/6N mice were used to establish a cortical stab wound injury (SWI) model. Immediately after brain injury, the mice were treated with 17β-estradiol (10 mg/kg, once every day via i.p. injection) for one week. Immunoblotting and immunohistochemical analysis was performed to examine the cortical and hippocampal brain regions. For the evaluation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reduced glutathione (GSH), and oxidized glutathione (GSSG), we used specific kits. Our findings revealed that 17β-estradiol treatment significantly alleviated SWI-induced energy dyshomeostasis and oxidative stress by increasing the activity of phospho-AMPK (Thr172) and by regulating the expression of an antioxidant gene (Nrf2) and cytoprotective enzymes (HO-1 and GSH) to mitigate ROS. Importantly, 17β-estradiol treatment downregulated gliosis and proinflammatory markers (iNOS and CD64) while significantly augmenting an anti-inflammatory response as evidenced by the robust expression of TGF-β and IGF-1 after brain injury. The treatment with 17β-estradiol also reduced inflammatory mediators (Tnf-α, IL-1β, and COX-2) in the injured mouse. Moreover, 17β-estradiol administration rescued p53-associated apoptotic cell death in the SWI model by regulating the expression of Bcl-2 family proteins (Bax and Bcl-2) and caspase-3 activation. Finally, SWI + 17β-estradiol-treated mice illustrated reduced brain lesion volume and enhanced neurotrophic effect and the expression of synaptic proteins. These findings suggest that 17β-estradiol is an effective therapy against the brain secondary injury-induced pathological cascade following trauma, although further studies may be conducted to explore the exact mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3921
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111682
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704216-9
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Biogenic metal nanoparticles as a potential class of antileishmanial agents: mechanisms and molecular targets
    Future Medicine Ltd ; 2020
    In:  Nanomedicine Vol. 15, No. 8 ( 2020-04), p. 809-828
    Details
    In: Nanomedicine, Future Medicine Ltd, Vol. 15, No. 8 ( 2020-04), p. 809-828
    Abstract: Leishmaniasis, a category 1 disease, has remained neglected for decades, and therefore, has developed into a severe health problem worldwide. Unfortunately, the available antileishmanial drugs are limited, and the parasites have shown an inevitable resistance toward most of these drugs. All these factors pose a barrier to control the parasite at present. Hence, new strategies are needed to develop more effective and less toxic nanomedicines that could treat and manage the Leishmania parasite. One of these effective strategies is to construct nanometals with biologically active molecules that could possess dynamic antileishmanial activities with desirable biocompatibility. In this review paper, antileishmanial potencies of different metal nanoparticles, with particular emphasis on biogenic metal nanoparticles from 2011 to 2019, are summarized. The mechanisms by which metal-based nanomedicines kill Leishmania are also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1743-5889 , 1748-6963
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2019-0413
    Language: English
    Publisher: Future Medicine Ltd
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    An Outbreak of Pyrimethamine Toxicity in Patients with Ischaemic Heart Disease in Pakistan
    Wiley ; 2014
    In:  Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology Vol. 115, No. 3 ( 2014-09), p. 291-296
    Details
    In: Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, Wiley, Vol. 115, No. 3 ( 2014-09), p. 291-296
    Abstract: We investigated an outbreak of darkening of skin, bleeding from multiple sites, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia in ischaemic heart disease patients. Case patients were defined as patients who had received medicines from the pharmacy of P unjab I nstitute of C ardiology between 1 D ecember 2011 and 12 J anuary 2012 and who developed any one of the following: darkening of skin, bleeding from any site, thrombocytopenia and leucopenia. Clinical and drug‐related data were abstracted. All 664 case patients had received iso‐sorbide‐mono‐nitrate contaminated with about 50 mg of pyrimethamine, and 151 (23%) died. The median age of 117 patients admitted at J innah H ospital L ahore was 57 years (range, 37–100) and 92 (79%) were male. The median time from intake of medicine to presentation was 37 days (range 13–72). Symptoms and signs included bleeding (in 95% of the patients), skin hyperpigmentation (in 61%), diarrhoea (in 53%) and abdominal pain (in 48%). At presentation, the median white cell count was 2.3 × 10 9 /L (range, 0.1 × 10 9 –16.0 × 10 9 ), the median hemoglobin concentration was 109 g/L (range 58–169) and the median platelet count was 18 × 10 9 /L (range, 0 × 10 9 –318 × 10 9 ). Bone marrow examination revealed trileneage dysplasia and severe megaloblastosis. The predictors of mortality included presentation prior to 15 J anuary 2012, age more than 57 years, hypotension and leukocyte count less than 1.5 × 10 9 /L. None of the patients who died received C alcium folinate because all deaths occurred prior to contaminant identification. We describe an outbreak of pyrimethamine toxicity in ischaemic heart disease patients receiving medicines from a single pharmacy due to accidental contamination of iso‐sorbide mono‐nitrate tablets at industrial level. Late recognition of illness resulted in high mortality.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1742-7835 , 1742-7843
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.2014.115.issue-3
    DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12206
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2151592-X
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Ongoing Strategies to Improve Antimicrobial Utilization in Hospitals across the Middle East and North Africa (MENA): Findings and Implications
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Antibiotics Vol. 12, No. 5 ( 2023-04-28), p. 827-
    Details
    In: Antibiotics, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 5 ( 2023-04-28), p. 827-
    Abstract: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an increasing global concern, increasing costs, morbidity, and mortality. National action plans (NAPs) to minimize AMR are one of several global and national initiatives to slow down rising AMR rates. NAPs are also helping key stakeholders understand current antimicrobial utilization patterns and resistance rates. The Middle East is no exception, with high AMR rates. Antibiotic point prevalence surveys (PPS) provide a better understanding of existing antimicrobial consumption trends in hospitals and assist with the subsequent implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs). These are important NAP activities. We examined current hospital consumption trends across the Middle East along with documented ASPs. A narrative assessment of 24 PPS studies in the region found that, on average, more than 50% of in-patients received antibiotics, with Jordan having the highest rate of 98.1%. Published studies ranged in size from a single to 18 hospitals. The most prescribed antibiotics were ceftriaxone, metronidazole, and penicillin. In addition, significant postoperative antibiotic prescribing lasting up to five days or longer was common to avoid surgical site infections. These findings have resulted in a variety of suggested short-, medium-, and long-term actions among key stakeholders, including governments and healthcare workers, to improve and sustain future antibiotic prescribing in order to decrease AMR throughout the Middle East.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-6382
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12050827
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2681345-2
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