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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    Telithromycin and Quinupristin-Dalfopristin Resistance in Clinical Isolates of Streptococcus pyogenes : SMART Program 2001 Data
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2003
    In:  Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Vol. 47, No. 7 ( 2003-07), p. 2152-2157
    Details
    In: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 47, No. 7 ( 2003-07), p. 2152-2157
    Abstract: This study evaluated the current status of antimicrobial resistance in clinical isolates of Streptococcus pyogenes in Taiwan as part of the SMART (Surveillance from Multicenter Antimicrobial Resistance in Taiwan) program. In 2001, 419 different isolates of S. pyogenes , including 275 from respiratory secretions, 87 from wound pus, and 31 from blood, were collected from nine hospitals in different parts of Taiwan. MICs of 23 antimicrobial agents were determined at a central location by the agar dilution method. All of the isolates were susceptible to penicillin (MIC at which 90% of the isolates were inhibited [MIC 90 ], ≤0.03 μg/ml), cefotaxime (MIC 90 , ≤0.03 μg/ml), cefepime (MIC 90 , 0.06 μg/ml), meropenem (MIC 90 , ≤0.03 μg/ml), moxifloxacin (MIC 90 , 0.25 μg/ml), vancomycin (MIC 90 , 0.5 μg/ml), and linezolid (MIC 90 , 1 μg/ml). Overall, 78% of isolates were not susceptible to erythromycin (54% were intermediate, and 24% were resistant), and 5% were not susceptible to clindamycin. Of the 101 erythromycin-resistant isolates, 80.2% exhibited the M phenotype ( mefA gene positive), 18.9% exhibited the cMLS (constitutive resistance to macrolides-lincosamides-streptogramin B [MLS]) phenotype ( ermB gene positive), and 1% exhibited the iMLS (inducible resistance to MLS) phenotype ( ermB gene positive). Fluoroquinolones (sitafloxacin 〉 moxifloxacin 〉 ciprofloxacin = levofloxacin = gatifloxacin 〉 gemifloxacin) demonstrated potent activity against nearly all of the isolates of S. pyogenes tested. Thirty-two isolates (8%) were not susceptible to quinupristin-dalfopristin. Seventeen percent of isolates had telithromycin MICs of ≥1 μg/ml, and all of these isolates exhibited erythromycin MICs of ≥32 μg/ml. The high prevalence of resistance to telithromycin (which is not available in Taiwan) limits its potential use in the treatment of S. pyogenes infections, particularly in areas with high rates of macrolide resistance.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0066-4804 , 1098-6596
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AAC.47.7.2152-2157.2003
    RVK:
    XA 24552
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2003
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496156-8
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Telithromycin- and Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in Taiwan with High Prevalence of Resistance to Macrolides and β-Lactams: SMART Program 2001 Data
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2003
    In:  Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Vol. 47, No. 7 ( 2003-07), p. 2145-2151
    Details
    In: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 47, No. 7 ( 2003-07), p. 2145-2151
    Abstract: There is a high prevalence of β-lactam- and macrolide-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in Taiwan. To understand the in vitro susceptibilities of recent isolates of S. pneumoniae to fluoroquinolones and telithromycin (which is not available in Taiwan), the MICs of 23 antimicrobial agents for 936 clinical isolates of S. pneumoniae isolated from different parts of Taiwan from 2000 to 2001 were determined by the agar dilution method. Overall, 72% of isolates were not susceptible to penicillin (with 61% being intermediate and 11% being resistant) and 92% were resistant to erythromycin. Telithromycin MICs were ≥1 μg/ml for 16% of the isolates, and for 99% of these isolates the MICs of all macrolides tested were ≥256 μg/ml; all of these isolates had the constitutive macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B phenotype. Eighty-eight percent of the isolates were resistant to three or more classes of drugs. The ciprofloxacin MICs were ≥4 μg/ml for six (0.6%) isolates from five patients collected in 2000 and 2001, and the levofloxacin MICs were ≥8 μg/ml for five of these isolates. Seven isolates for which ciprofloxacin MICs were ≥4 μg/ml, including one isolate recovered in 1999, belonged to three serotypes (serotype 19F, five isolates; serotype 23A, one isolate; and serotype 23B, one isolate). The isolates from the six patients for which ciprofloxacin MICs were ≥4 μg/ml had different pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles and random amplified polymorphic DNA patterns, indicating that no clonal dissemination occurred over this time period. Despite the increased rate of fluoroquinolone use, the proportion of pneumococcal isolates for which ciprofloxacin MICs were elevated (≥4 μg/ml) remained low. However, the occurrence of telithromycin resistance is impressive and raises concerns for the future.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0066-4804 , 1098-6596
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AAC.47.7.2145-2151.2003
    RVK:
    XA 24552
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2003
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496156-8
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    S139. PROGRESSIVE DETERIORATION OF WHITE MATTER TRACTS IN SCHIZOPHRENIA: A DIFFUSION MRI STUDY ON A LARGE SINGLE COHORT USING NORMATIVE MODELS
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2020
    In:  Schizophrenia Bulletin Vol. 46, No. Supplement_1 ( 2020-05-18), p. S88-S89
    Details
    In: Schizophrenia Bulletin, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 46, No. Supplement_1 ( 2020-05-18), p. S88-S89
    Abstract: Current diffusion MRI studies of schizophrenia are limited by methodology and sample size. With normative models and the largest single-site cohort, we aimed to delineate a comprehensive profile of tract alteration in unaffected siblings, first-episode schizophrenia (FES), and chronic schizophrenia. Methods A total of 277 patients with schizophrenia, 81 unaffected siblings, and 1023 healthy people underwent diffusion-weighted imaging on the same 3T scanner. Generalized fractional anisotropy (GFA), mean diffusivity (MD), radial diffusivity (RD), and axial diffusivity (AD), were sampled along 45 major neural tracts. A normative model was built from the images of 1023 healthy people; Z scores represented the normalized deviation of the index value from that of the age- and sex-matched healthy population. Results Widespread involvement of neural tracts was found in patients with FES, and the tracts connecting the prefrontal lobe were the most severely affected. In patients with chronic schizophrenia, virtually all neural tracts were altered, with the tracts connecting the sensorimotor cortex the least affected. A significant negative correlation was observed between GFA alterations and the duration of illness. In unaffected siblings, scattered tracts were involved in GFA, but not in MD or RD. Discussion The study revealed widespread white matter involvement in the early stages of schizophrenia. The alteration continues to progress from the neural tracts connecting the prefrontal lobe to the entire brain. Compared to a large sample of normal controls, the attenuated peak and rapid decline of white matter GFA across the lifespan suggest that schizophrenia is associated with neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative abnormalities of white matter.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0586-7614 , 1745-1701
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbaa031.205
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2180196-4
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  • 4
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    Discovery of M Protease Inhibitors Encoded by SARS-CoV-2
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2020
    In:  Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Vol. 64, No. 9 ( 2020-08-20)
    Details
    In: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 64, No. 9 ( 2020-08-20)
    Abstract: The coronavirus (CoV) disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a health threat worldwide. Viral main protease (M pro , also called 3C‐like protease [3CL pro ]) is a therapeutic target for drug discovery. Herein, we report that GC376, a broad-spectrum inhibitor targeting M pro in the picornavirus-like supercluster, is a potent inhibitor for the M pro encoded by SARS-CoV-2, with a half-maximum inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) of 26.4 ± 1.1 nM. In this study, we also show that GC376 inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication with a half-maximum effective concentration (EC 50 ) of 0.91 ± 0.03 μM. Only a small portion of SARS-CoV-2 M pro was covalently modified in the excess of GC376 as evaluated by mass spectrometry analysis, indicating that improved inhibitors are needed. Subsequently, molecular docking analysis revealed that the recognition and binding groups of GC376 within the active site of SARS-CoV-2 M pro provide important new information for the optimization of GC376. Given that sufficient safety and efficacy data are available for GC376 as an investigational veterinary drug, expedited development of GC376, or its optimized analogues, for treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection in human is recommended.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0066-4804 , 1098-6596
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AAC.00872-20
    RVK:
    XA 24552
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496156-8
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    An OXA-66/OXA-51-Like Carbapenemase and Possibly an Efflux Pump Are Associated with Resistance to Imipenem in Acinetobacter baumannii
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2007
    In:  Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Vol. 51, No. 11 ( 2007-11), p. 3844-3852
    Details
    In: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 51, No. 11 ( 2007-11), p. 3844-3852
    Abstract: We investigated the mechanisms involved in imipenem resistance in 23 clinical strains of Acinetobacter baumannii . Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis showed the presence of a 30-kDa protein in imipenem-intermediate A. baumannii (IIAB) and imipenem-resistant A. baumannii (IRAB) strains; this protein was almost undetectable in imipenem-susceptible A. baumannii (ISAB) strains. The 30-kDa protein was identified as an OXA-51-like carbapenemase using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Similar to other recent findings, bla OXA-51-like genes were found to exist in all 23 clinical strains; however, the transcript levels of bla OXA-51-like in the IIAB and IRAB were higher than in the ISAB strains using reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) and real-time RT-PCR assays. This change was due to the presence of an insertion sequence, IS Aba1 , upstream of bla OXA-51-like in the IIAB and IRAB strains that was not present in the ISAB strains. The introduction of bla OXA-66 (a bla OXA-51 -like gene), identified in ISAB ab1254 and IRAB ab1266, into Escherichia coli TOP10 cells resulted in 3.95-fold and 7.90-fold elevations in resistance to imipenem, respectively. Furthermore, when ISAB ab8 and ISAB ab1254 and their in vitro-selected imipenem-resistant mutants ISAB ab8(r) and ISAB ab1254(r) were compared, the results showed no change in the bla OXA-66 / bla OXA-51-like gene sequences, in expression of the gene, and in the outer membrane protein profiles. However, there was a four- to eightfold reduction in imipenem resistance upon adding carbonyl cyanide m -chlorophenylhydrazone. Taken together, these results suggest that the OXA-66/OXA-51-like carbapenemase contributes to intrinsic resistance to imipenem; however, drug export by an efflux pump may be more important and/or occur more frequently in imipenem-resistant A. baumannii . Furthermore, this is the first report of a Taiwanese strain of an OXA-66/OXA-51-like carbapenemase that confers imipenem resistance in A. baumannii .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0066-4804 , 1098-6596
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AAC.01512-06
    RVK:
    XA 24552
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496156-8
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Emergence of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Goldcoast Strains in Taiwan and International Spread of the ST358 Clone
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2019
    In:  Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Vol. 63, No. 10 ( 2019-10)
    Details
    In: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 63, No. 10 ( 2019-10)
    Abstract: Salmonella enterica serovar Goldcoast infection was rare in Taiwan; it was not detected in routine surveillance from 2004 to 2013. This serovar was first identified in 2014, but the frequency of infection remained low until 2017. From 2014 to 2016, all but one isolate was pan-susceptible. S . Goldcoast infections abruptly increased in 2018, and all isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR). All MDR isolates harbored an IncHI2 plasmid, and the majority carried 14 antimicrobial resistance genes, aac(3)-IId , aadA22 , aph(3′)-Ia , aph(6)-Id , bla TEM-1B , bla CTX-M-55 , lnu (F), floR , qnrS13 , arr-2 , sul2 , sul3 , tet (A), and dfrA14. S . Goldcoast strains recovered in Taiwan and 96 of 99 strains from Germany, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and the United States belonged to sequence type 358 (ST358). Whole-genome single-nucleotide polymorphism and core genome multilocus sequence type analyses revealed that all strains of the ST358 clone shared a high degree of genetic relatedness. The present study highlighted that a dramatic increase in S . Goldcoast infections followed the emergence of MDR strains and indicated that a genetically closely related S . Goldcoast ST358 clone may have widespread significance internationally.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0066-4804 , 1098-6596
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AAC.01122-19
    RVK:
    XA 24552
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496156-8
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Kinetic Characterization and Inhibitor Screening for the Proteases Leading to Identification of Drugs against SARS-CoV-2
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2021
    In:  Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Vol. 65, No. 4 ( 2021-03-18)
    Details
    In: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 65, No. 4 ( 2021-03-18)
    Abstract: Coronavirus (CoV) disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has claimed many lives worldwide and is still spreading since December 2019. The 3C-like protease (3CL pro ) and papain-like protease (PL pro ) are essential for maturation of viral polyproteins in SARS-CoV-2 life cycle and thus regarded as key drug targets for the disease. In this study, 3CL pro and PL pro assay platforms were established, and their substrate specificities were characterized. The assays were used to screen collections of 1,068 and 2,701 FDA-approved drugs. After excluding the externally used drugs which are too toxic, we totally identified 12 drugs as 3CL pro inhibitors and 36 drugs as PL pro inhibitors active at 10 μM. Among these inhibitors, six drugs were found to suppress SARS-CoV-2 with the half-maximal effective concentration (EC 50 ) below or close to 10 μM. This study enhances our understanding on the proteases and provides FDA-approved drugs for prevention and/or treatment of COVID-19.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0066-4804 , 1098-6596
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AAC.02577-20
    RVK:
    XA 24552
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496156-8
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Inhibitory Effects of 1,2,3,4,6-Penta- O -Galloyl-β- d -Glucopyranose on Biofilm Formation by Staphylococcus aureus
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2011
    In:  Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Vol. 55, No. 3 ( 2011-03), p. 1021-1027
    Details
    In: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 55, No. 3 ( 2011-03), p. 1021-1027
    Abstract: 1,2,3,4,6-Penta- O -galloyl-β- d -glucopyranose (PGG) is an active ingredient in plants that are commonly used in Chinese medicine to treat inflammation. We demonstrate here that PGG, at 6.25 μM, does not inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus , and yet it prevents biofilm formation on polystyrene and polycarbonate surfaces. At the same concentration, PGG is not toxic to human epithelial and fibroblast cells. PGG has an IB 50 value, i.e., the PGG concentration that inhibits 50% biofilm formation, of 3.6 μM. The value is substantially lower than that of N -acetylcysteine, iodoacetamide, and N -phenyl maleimide, which are known to inhibit biofilm formation by S. aureus . Biochemical and scanning electron microscopy results also reveal that PGG inhibits initial attachment of the bacteria to solid surface and the synthesis of polysaccharide intercellular adhesin, explaining how PGG inhibits biofilm formation. The results of this study demonstrate that coating PGG on polystyrene and silicon rubber surfaces with polyaniline prevents biofilm formation, indicating that PGG is highly promising for clinical use in preventing biofilm formation by S. aureus .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0066-4804 , 1098-6596
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AAC.00843-10
    RVK:
    XA 24552
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496156-8
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Drugs as CYP3A Probes, Inducers, and Inhibitors
    Informa UK Limited ; 2007
    In:  Drug Metabolism Reviews Vol. 39, No. 4 ( 2007-01), p. 699-721
    Details
    In: Drug Metabolism Reviews, Informa UK Limited, Vol. 39, No. 4 ( 2007-01), p. 699-721
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0360-2532 , 1097-9883
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1080/03602530701690374
    RVK:
    XI 1800
    Language: English
    Publisher: Informa UK Limited
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2028205-9
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Association between Antibiotic Exposure and the Risk of Rash in Children with Infectious Mononucleosis: a Multicenter, Retrospective Cohort Study
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2023
    In:  Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Vol. 67, No. 6 ( 2023-06-15)
    Details
    In: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 67, No. 6 ( 2023-06-15)
    Abstract: Present evidence suggests that the administration of antibiotics, particularly aminopenicillins, may increase the risk of rash in children with infectious mononucleosis (IM). This retrospective, multicenter cohort study of children with IM was conducted to explore the association between antibiotic exposure in IM children and the risk of rash. A robust error generalized linear regression was performed to address the potential cluster effect, as well as confounding factors such as age and sex. A total of 767 children (aged from 0 to 18 years) with IM from 14 hospitals in Guizhou Province were included in the final analysis. The regression analysis implied that exposure to antibiotics was associated with a significantly increased incidence of overall rash in IM children (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.47; 95% confidence interval [CI] , ~1.04 to 2.08; P  = 0.029). Of 92 overall rash cases, 43 were probably related to antibiotic exposure: two cases (4.08%) in the amoxicillin-treated group and 41 (8.15%) in the group treated with other antibiotics. Regression analysis indicated that the risk of rash induced by amoxicillin in IM children was similar to that induced by other penicillins (AOR, 1.12; 95% CI, ~0.13 to 9.67), cephalosporins (AOR, 2.45; 95% CI, ~0.43 to 14.02), or macrolides (AOR, 0.91; 95% CI, ~0.15 to 5.43). Antibiotic exposure may be associated with an increased risk of overall rash in IM children, but amoxicillin was not found to be associated with any increased risk of rash during IM compared to other antibiotics. We suggest that clinicians be vigilant against the occurrence of rash in IM children receiving antibiotic therapy, rather than indiscriminately avoiding prescribing amoxicillin.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0066-4804 , 1098-6596
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/aac.00249-23
    RVK:
    XA 24552
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496156-8
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