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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    A Prospective Cohort Study of Durations of Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia According to Different Phenotypes and a New Concept of Persistent Bacteremia
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2019
    In:  Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Vol. 64, No. 1 ( 2019-12-20)
    Details
    In: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 64, No. 1 ( 2019-12-20)
    Abstract: The purpose of this study was to describe and compare the duration of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) according to methicillin resistance and the primary foci of infection. We also aimed to newly define persistent SAB considering these results. Nonduplicated episodes of SAB in patients aged ≥15 years from 14 hospitals in the Republic of Korea were analyzed between January 2009 and February 2018. The duration of SAB was defined as the number of days from the time of administration of an antibiotic to which the isolate was susceptible after the onset of SAB to the last day of a positive blood culture for S. aureus . SAB durations were described and compared based on methicillin resistance and the primary foci of infection. Cases in the top quartile for the duration of bacteremia in the respective clinical context were classified as newly defined persistent SAB, and its association with in-hospital mortality was evaluated. A total of 1,917 cases were analyzed. The duration of SAB was longer in patients with methicillin-resistant SAB (MRSAB; n  = 995) than in patients with methicillin-susceptible SAB (MSSAB; n  = 922) (median duration, 1 day [interquartile range, 1 to 3 days] for MSSAB and 1 day [interquartile range, 0 to 5 days] for MRSAB; P  〈   0.001). The duration of bacteremia was longer in patients with endocarditis and bone and joint, endovascular, and surgical site infections and was shorter in patients with skin and soft tissue infections. Newly defined persistent SAB was independently associated with in-hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio, 1.97; 95% confidence interval, 1.54 to 2.53; P  〈   0.001). The durations of SAB were dependent on methicillin resistance and the primary foci of infection, and considering these contexts, persistent SAB was significantly associated with in-hospital mortality.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0066-4804 , 1098-6596
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AAC.01656-19
    RVK:
    XA 24552
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496156-8
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Phase II Clinical Study To Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Camostat Mesylate (DWJ1248) in Adult Patients with Mild to Moderate COVID-19
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2023
    In:  Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Vol. 67, No. 1 ( 2023-01-24)
    Details
    In: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 67, No. 1 ( 2023-01-24)
    Abstract: Although several antiviral agents have become available for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treatment, oral drugs are still limited. Camostat mesylate, an orally bioavailable serine protease inhibitor, has been used to treat chronic pancreatitis in South Korea, and it has an in vitro inhibitory potential against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This study was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter, phase 2 clinical trial in mild to moderate COVID-19 patients. We randomly assigned patients to receive either camostat mesylate (DWJ1248) or placebo orally for 14 days. The primary endpoint was time to clinical improvement of subject symptoms within 14 days, measured using a subjective 4-point Likert scale. Three hundred forty-two patients were randomized. The primary endpoint was nonsignificant, where the median times to clinical improvement were 7 and 8 days in the camostat mesylate group and the placebo group, respectively (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI] , 0.84 to 1.43; P  = 0.50). A post hoc analysis showed that the difference was greatest at day 7, without reaching significance. In the high-risk group, the proportions of patients with clinical improvement up to 7 days were 45.8% (50/109) in the camostat group and 38.4% (40/104) in the placebo group (odds ratio [OR] = 1.33; 95% CI, 0.77 to 2.31; P  = 0.31); the ordinal scale score at day 7 improved in 20.0% (18/90) of the camostat group and 13.3% (12/90) of the placebo group (OR = 1.68; 95% CI, 0.75 to 3.78; P  = 0.21). Adverse events were similar in the two groups. Camostat mesylate was safe in the treatment of COVID-19. Although this study did not show clinical benefit in patients with mild to moderate COVID-19, further clinical studies for high-risk patients are needed. (This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT04521296).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0066-4804 , 1098-6596
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/aac.00452-22
    RVK:
    XA 24552
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496156-8
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    SSG: 15,3
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Early Bactericidal Activity of Delpazolid (LCB01-0371) in Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2022
    In:  Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Vol. 66, No. 2 ( 2022-02-15)
    Details
    In: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 66, No. 2 ( 2022-02-15)
    Abstract: Delpazolid, an oxazolidinone, has been studied in non-clinical studies of efficacy and toxicity and Phase 1 clinical studies. Delpazolid has in vitro activity against Gram-positive bacteria, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis . This study evaluated the bactericidal activity, safety, and pharmacokinetics of delpazolid in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Seventy-nine subjects, aged 19 to 75 years with newly diagnosed smear-positive TB with no prior treatment for the current episode and no confirmed resistance to rifampin or isoniazid, were randomized to receive delpazolid 800 mg once a day (QD), 400 mg twice a day (BID), 800 mg BID or 1,200 mg QD or an active control of isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol (HRZE) or linezolid 600 mg BID. The primary endpoint was the average daily reduction in log transformed bacterial load, assessed on 7H11 solid-media culture, from days 0 to 14. The average daily decline in log-CFU was 0.044 ± 0.016, 0.053 ± 0.017, 0.043 ± 0.016, and 0.019 ± 0.017, for the delpazolid 800 mg QD, 400 mg BID, 800 mg BID, and the 1,200 mg QD groups, respectively. The average daily decline in log-CFU was 0.192 ± 0.028 for the HRZE group and 0.154 ± 0.023 for the linezolid 600 mg BID group. Three serious adverse events (SAE) were reported, one each in the delpazolid 400 mg BID group (death due to worsening of TB at day 2), the HRZE group (hospitalization due to pleural effusion) and the linezolid group (hyperkalemia); none of the SAEs were assessed as related to study drugs. This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with registration number NCT02836483.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0066-4804 , 1098-6596
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/aac.01684-21
    RVK:
    XA 24552
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496156-8
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Evaluation of Two Commercial Broth Microdilution Methods Using Different Interpretive Criteria for the Detection of Molecular Mechanisms of Acquired Azole and Echinocandin Resistance in Four Common Candida Species
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2020
    In:  Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Vol. 64, No. 11 ( 2020-10-20)
    Details
    In: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 64, No. 11 ( 2020-10-20)
    Abstract: The abilities of the new Vitek 2 AST-YS08 (YS08) and Sensititre YeastOne (SYO) systems to detect the resistances of Candida isolates to azoles and echinocandins were evaluated. In total, 292 isolates, including 28 Candida albicans (6 Erg11 and 2 Fks mutants), 57 Candida parapsilosis (26 Erg11 mutants), 24 Candida tropicalis (10 Erg11 and 1 Fks mutants), and 183 Candida glabrata (39 Pdr1 and 13 Fks mutants) isolates, were tested. The categorical agreements (CAs) between the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) method and YS08 fluconazole MICs obtained using clinical breakpoints were 92.4% ( C. albicans ), 96.5% ( C. parapsilosis ), and 87.0% ( C. tropicalis ), and the CAs between the CLSI and SYO MICs were 92.3% ( C. albicans ), 77.2% ( C. parapsilosis ), 100% ( C. tropicalis ), and 98.9% ( C. glabrata ). For C. glabrata , the CAs with the CLSI micafungin MICs were 92.4% and 55.5% for the YS08 micafungin and caspofungin MICs, respectively; they were 100%, 95.6%, and 98.9% for the SYO micafungin, caspofungin, and anidulafungin MICs, respectively. YS08 does not provide fluconazole data for C. glabrata ; the CA with the CLSI fluconazole MIC was 97.8% for the YS08 voriconazole MIC, using an epidemiological cutoff value (ECV) of 0.5 μg/ml. Increased CAs with the CLSI MIC were observed for the YS08 MIC using CLSI ECVs (for fluconazole and C. tropicalis , 100%; for micafungin and C. glabrata , 98.9%) and for the SYO MIC using method-specific ECVs (for fluconazole and C. parapsilosis , 91.2%; for caspofungin and C. glabrata , 98.9%). Therefore, the YS08 and SYO systems may have different abilities to detect mechanisms of azole and echinocandin resistance in four Candida species; the use of method-specific ECVs may improve the performance of both systems.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0066-4804 , 1098-6596
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AAC.00740-20
    RVK:
    XA 24552
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496156-8
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Efficacy and Safety of Metronidazole for Pulmonary Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2013
    In:  Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Vol. 57, No. 8 ( 2013-08), p. 3903-3909
    Details
    In: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 57, No. 8 ( 2013-08), p. 3903-3909
    Abstract: Pulmonary lesions from active tuberculosis patients are thought to contain persistent, nonreplicating bacilli that arise from hypoxic stress. Metronidazole, approved for anaerobic infections, has antituberculosis activity against anoxic bacilli in vitro and in some animal models and may target persistent, nonreplicating bacilli. In this double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, pulmonary multidrug-resistant tuberculosis subjects were randomly assigned to receive metronidazole (500 mg thrice daily) or placebo for 8 weeks in addition to an individualized background regimen. Outcomes were measured radiologically (change on high-resolution computed tomography [HRCT]), microbiologically (time to sputum smear and culture conversion), and clinically (status 6 months after stopping therapy). Enrollment was stopped early due to excessive peripheral neuropathies in the metronidazole arm. Among 35 randomized subjects, 31 (15 metronidazole, 16 placebo) were included in the modified intent-to-treat analysis. There were no significant differences by arm in improvement of HRCT lesions from baseline to 2 or 6 months. More subjects in the metronidazole arm converted their sputum smear ( P = 0.04) and liquid culture ( P = 0.04) to negative at 1 month, but these differences were lost by 2 months. Overall, 81% showed clinical success 6 months after stopping therapy, with no differences by arm. However, 8/16 (50%) of subjects in the metronidazole group and 2/17 (12%) of those in the placebo group developed peripheral neuropathy. Subjects who received metronidazole were 4.3-fold (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1 to 17.1) more likely to develop peripheral neuropathies than subjects who received placebo. Metronidazole may have increased early sputum smear and culture conversion but was too neurotoxic to use over the longer term. Newer nitroimidazoles with both aerobic and anaerobic activity, now in clinical trials, may increase the sterilizing potency of future treatment regimens.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0066-4804 , 1098-6596
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AAC.00753-13
    RVK:
    XA 24552
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496156-8
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Impact of Clarithromycin Resistance on Eradication of Helicobacter pylori in Infected Adults
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2005
    In:  Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Vol. 49, No. 4 ( 2005-04), p. 1600-1603
    Details
    In: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 49, No. 4 ( 2005-04), p. 1600-1603
    Abstract: The outcome of Helicobacter pylori infection was analyzed in 114 dyspeptic patients treated with triple-drug therapy including clarithromycin. Clarithromycin resistance (in 20.2% of our isolates) was mainly caused by an A2142G mutation in the 23S rRNA gene of H . pylori . H . pylori eradication was obtained in all patients with clarithromycin-susceptible isolates but not in any patients with clarithromycin-resistant isolates ( P = 0.0001). Therefore, it would be useful to conduct H . pylori antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the first gastric biopsy culture before choosing the first three drugs for therapy of infected patients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0066-4804 , 1098-6596
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AAC.49.4.1600-1603.2005
    RVK:
    XA 24552
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2005
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496156-8
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Erratum for Lee et al., Fast and Accurate Large-Scale Detection of β-Lactamase Genes Conferring Antibiotic Resistance
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2016
    In:  Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Vol. 60, No. 11 ( 2016-11), p. 7005-7005
    Details
    In: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 60, No. 11 ( 2016-11), p. 7005-7005
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0066-4804 , 1098-6596
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AAC.01976-16
    RVK:
    XA 24552
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496156-8
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Fast and Accurate Large-Scale Detection of β-Lactamase Genes Conferring Antibiotic Resistance
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2015
    In:  Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Vol. 59, No. 10 ( 2015-10), p. 5967-5975
    Details
    In: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 59, No. 10 ( 2015-10), p. 5967-5975
    Abstract: Fast detection of β-lactamase ( bla ) genes allows improved surveillance studies and infection control measures, which can minimize the spread of antibiotic resistance. Although several molecular diagnostic methods have been developed to detect limited bla gene types, these methods have significant limitations, such as their failure to detect almost all clinically available bla genes. We developed a fast and accurate molecular method to overcome these limitations using 62 primer pairs, which were designed through elaborate optimization processes. To verify the ability of this large-scale bla detection method ( large-scale bla Finder), assays were performed on previously reported bacterial control isolates/strains. To confirm the applicability of the large-scale bla Finder, the assays were performed on unreported clinical isolates. With perfect specificity and sensitivity in 189 control isolates/strains and 403 clinical isolates, the large-scale bla Finder detected almost all clinically available bla genes. Notably, the large-scale bla Finder detected 24 additional unreported bla genes in the isolates/strains that were previously studied, suggesting that previous methods detecting only limited types of bla genes can miss unexpected bla genes existing in pathogenic bacteria, and our method has the ability to detect almost all bla genes existing in a clinical isolate. The ability of large-scale bla Finder to detect bla genes on a large scale enables prompt application to the detection of almost all bla genes present in bacterial pathogens. The widespread use of the large-scale bla Finder in the future will provide an important aid for monitoring the emergence and dissemination of bla genes and minimizing the spread of resistant bacteria.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0066-4804 , 1098-6596
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AAC.04634-14
    RVK:
    XA 24552
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496156-8
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Determination of Pentapeptide Repeat Units in Qnr Proteins by the Structure-Based Alignment Approach
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2011
    In:  Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Vol. 55, No. 9 ( 2011-09), p. 4475-4478
    Details
    In: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 55, No. 9 ( 2011-09), p. 4475-4478
    Abstract: The Qnr proteins belong to the pentapeptide repeat protein family. Despite each pentapeptide repeat unit being an important structural determinant, accurately determining pentapeptide repeat units in the Qnr proteins through sequence-based alignments has been challenging. In the present study, the pentapeptide repeat units of the nine representative Qnr proteins have been precisely determined via the structure-based alignment approach using homology modeling and superposition of their best models.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0066-4804 , 1098-6596
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AAC.00041-11
    RVK:
    XA 24552
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496156-8
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    In Vitro MIC Values of Rifampin and Ethambutol and Treatment Outcome in Mycobacterium avium Complex Lung Disease
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2018
    In:  Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Vol. 62, No. 10 ( 2018-10)
    Details
    In: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 62, No. 10 ( 2018-10)
    Abstract: Although it is known that the in vitro MICs of rifampin and ethambutol are poorly correlated with the clinical response in Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) lung disease (MAC-LD), evidence for this is limited. This study investigated the association between treatment outcome and the in vitro MICs of rifampin and ethambutol in patients with MAC-LD. Among patients diagnosed with macrolide-susceptible MAC-LD between January 2008 and December 2013, 274 patients who were treated with a standard regimen for ≥12 months until August 2017 and whose in vitro MIC results were available were enrolled at a tertiary referral center in South Korea. The MICs of antimicrobial agents were determined using the broth microdilution method. The mean age of the included patients was 60.4 years. The overall treatment success rate was 79.6% (218/274 patients) and tended to decrease with increasing MICs of rifampin and ethambutol, particularly at MICs of ≥8 μg/ml. Treatment success rate was significantly different between MAC isolates with MICs of ≥8 μg/ml for rifampin and ethambutol and those with MICs of 〈 8 μg/ml for rifampin and/or ethambutol (64.9% versus 85.3%, P 〈 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that an MIC of ≥8 μg/ml for both drugs and initial sputum acid-fast bacillus (AFB) smear positivity were independent risk factors for an unfavorable response (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 3.154, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.641 to 6.063, and P = 0.001 for an MIC of ≥8 μg/ml; adjusted OR = 2.769, 95% CI = 1.420 to 5.399, and P = 0.003 for initial sputum AFB smear positivity). These findings suggest that the in vitro MICs of rifampin and ethambutol may be related to treatment outcome in MAC-LD.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0066-4804 , 1098-6596
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AAC.00491-18
    RVK:
    XA 24552
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496156-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 15,3
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