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  • MDPI AG  (283)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Long-Term Corn–Soybean Rotation and Soil Fertilization: Impacts on Yield and Agronomic Traits
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Agronomy Vol. 12, No. 10 ( 2022-10-18), p. 2554-
    Details
    In: Agronomy, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 10 ( 2022-10-18), p. 2554-
    Abstract: Although crop rotations have been widely shown as an effective approach for improving yield or soil quality in the long term, the relationship between crop rotations and quality traits of crop or biochar-based fertilization is still unclear. To address this, we conducted a long-term field experiment in the Heilongjiang province of China to investigate the effects of crop rotation and biochar-based fertilizer application on the crop yield, soil parameters, crop quality, and agronomic traits in 2014–2020. The effects of rotations on crop production and soil properties were evaluated with the average yield variability during the 7 years of this study. Our results showed that the diversified corn and soybean rotations had a significant positive effect on average crop yield compared with their monocultures. The corn yield was enhanced by 0.6 Mg ha−1 (5.4%) in the corn–soybean–corn (CSC) crop sequence compared with monoculture corn. Similarly, soybean yield was enhanced by 0.21 Mg ha−1 (9.7%) in the soybean–corn–corn (SCC) crop sequence compared with monoculture soybean. However, a negative effect of crop rotations was detected on the protein content of soybean compared with the monoculture soybean, while a positive effect was detected on oil content. Additionally, no differences were detected in crop yield between biochar-based fertilization and mineral fertilization treatments, but a significant positive effect of biochar-based fertilization was observed for any crop on both protein and oil content. A significant effect of crop rotation was found on the percentage of total soil N (TN), available soil N (AN), and available soil K (AK) content. The SSS crop sequence treatment illustrated the highest TN values at 0.18%. The CCC crop sequence treatment increased AN and AK content by 9.1% and 7.8%, respectively, compared with SSS (p 〈 0.05). We conclude that crop rotations increase crop yield and biochar-based fertilizer application, improving crop quality traits in the long term. Thus, the addition of biochar-based fertilizer could efficiently enhance the yield and quality of crop in the rotation cropping system. The findings of this study may provide useful information for designing sustainable cropping systems based on rotations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4395
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/agronomy12102554
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2607043-1
    SSG: 23
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Bifidobacterium bifidum Shows More Diversified Ways of Relieving Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Compared with Bifidobacterium adolescentis
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Biomedicines Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2021-12-31), p. 84-
    Details
    In: Biomedicines, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2021-12-31), p. 84-
    Abstract: The occurrence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely related to intestinal microbiota disturbance, and probiotics has become a new strategy to assist in alleviating NAFLD. In order to investigate the effect of Bifidobacterium on NAFLD and the possible pathway, a NAFLD model was established by using a high-fat diet (HFD) for 18 weeks. Fourteen strains of Bifidobacterium were selected (seven Bifidobacterium adolescentis and seven Bifidobacterium bifidum) for intervention. The effects of different bifidobacteria on NAFLD were evaluated from liver cell injury, liver fat deposition, liver inflammatory state and liver histopathology, and were taken as entry points to explore the mitigation approaches of bifidobacteria through energy intake, lipid metabolism, glucose metabolism and intestinal permeability. The results showed that Bifidobacterium exerts species-specific effects on NAFLD. B. bifidum exerted these effects mainly through regulating the intestinal microbiota, increasing the relative abundance of Faecalibaculum and Lactobacillus, decreasing the relative abundance of Tyzzerella, Escherichia-Shigella, Intestinimonas, Osillibacter and Ruminiclostridium, and further increasing the contents of propionic acid and butyric acid, regulating lipid metabolism and intestinal permeability, and ultimately inhibiting liver inflammation and fat accumulation to alleviate NAFLD. B. adolescentis exerted its effects mainly through changing the intestinal microbiota, increasing the content of propionic acid, regulating lipid metabolism and ultimately inhibiting liver inflammation to alleviate NAFLD.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9059
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010084
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720867-9
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    1-Deoxynojirimycin: Occurrence, Extraction, Chemistry, Oral Pharmacokinetics, Biological Activities and In Silico Target Fishing
    MDPI AG ; 2016
    In:  Molecules Vol. 21, No. 11 ( 2016-11-23), p. 1600-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 21, No. 11 ( 2016-11-23), p. 1600-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules21111600
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Formation and Alterations of the Potentially Harmful Maillard Reaction Products during the Production and Storage of Brown Fermented Milk
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Molecules Vol. 24, No. 2 ( 2019-01-12), p. 272-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 2 ( 2019-01-12), p. 272-
    Abstract: To improve the quality and safety of brown fermented milk (BFM), the formation and alterations of potentially harmful Maillard reaction products (MRPs), including 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG), methylglyoxal (MGO), 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furfural (HMF), acrylamide and flavour components were investigated during the browning, fermentation and commercial storage. MRPs were shown to be produced mainly during the browning stage. The levels of different substances varied during the fermentation and commercial storage stage. The proportion and type of carboxylic acids in the flavour components significantly increased during the fermentation stage. Browning index of milk during the browning stage was shown to be positively associated with the 3-DG (Pearson’s r = 0.9632), MGO (Pearson’s r = 0.9915), HMF (Pearson’s r = 0.9772), and acrylamide (Pearson’s r = 0.7910) levels and the total percentage of the flavour components from four different categories (Pearson’s r = 0.7407). Changes in physicochemical properties of BFM during production not only contribute to predict the formation of potentially unhealthy MRPs, but also Lactobacillus species used for the fermentation should be carefully selected to improve the quality of this product.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules24020272
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Expression and Characterization of a Novel Cold-Adapted and Stable β-Agarase Gene agaW1540 from the Deep-Sea Bacterium Shewanella sp. WPAGA9
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Marine Drugs Vol. 19, No. 8 ( 2021-07-29), p. 431-
    Details
    In: Marine Drugs, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 8 ( 2021-07-29), p. 431-
    Abstract: The neoagaro-oligosaccharides, degraded from agarose by agarases, are important natural substances with many bioactivities. In this study, a novel agarase gene, agaW1540, from the genome of a deep-sea bacterium Shewanella sp. WPAGA9, was expressed, and the recombinant AgaW1540 (rAgaW1540) displayed the maximum activity under the optimal pH and temperature of 7.0 and 35 °C, respectively. rAgaW1540 retained 85.4% of its maximum activity at 0 °C and retained more than 92% of its maximum activity at the temperature range of 20–40 °C and the pH range of 4.0–9.0, respectively, indicating its extensive working temperature and pH values. The activity of rAgaW1540 was dramatically suppressed by Cu2+ and Zn2+, whereas Fe2+ displayed an intensification of enzymatic activity. The Km and Vmax of rAgaW1540 for agarose degradation were 15.7 mg/mL and 23.4 U/mg, respectively. rAgaW1540 retained 94.7%, 97.9%, and 42.4% of its maximum activity after incubation at 20 °C, 25 °C, and 30 °C for 60 min, respectively. Thin-layer chromatography and ion chromatography analyses verified that rAgaW1540 is an endo-acting β-agarase that degrades agarose into neoagarotetraose and neoagarohexaose as the main products. The wide variety of working conditions and stable activity at room temperatures make rAgaW1540an appropriate bio-tool for further industrial production of neoagaro-oligosaccharides.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-3397
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/md19080431
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175190-0
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Physical and Numerical Simulation of the Mechanism Underpinning Accumulation Layer Deformation, Instability, and Movement Caused by Changing Reservoir Water Levels
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Water Vol. 15, No. 7 ( 2023-03-24), p. 1289-
    Details
    In: Water, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 7 ( 2023-03-24), p. 1289-
    Abstract: Large-scale physical models of landslides can potentially accurately reflect the interactions between many internal and external factors and elucidate the process of slope deformation and failure. In order to reveal the mechanism of deformation of the reservoir bank accumulation layer, in this study, a large-scale physical test model with a similarity ratio of 1:200 was constructed based on the actual engineering geological section. Two reservoir water level cycle fluctuation conditions were simulated, and the reservoir water level drop rate was strictly controlled to be two times the rise rate. This study analyzed pore water pressure and deformation characteristics in the accumulation layer in relation to fluctuating reservoir water levels. The results showed that the rise in reservoir water level will make landslides more stable. The periodic sudden drop in water level seriously endangers the stability of landslides. The deformation and failure of landslides are more likely to occur in the weak interlayer area. The failure mode of the accumulation body in the test was traction failure. It is suggested that the front part of the accumulation body can be reinforced in practical engineering. To reveal the progression of instability and movement during accumulation layer large-scale landslides, a numerical model was constructed using the material point method. The accumulation layer sliding process could be divided into three stages: acceleration sliding, deceleration sliding and stabilization. After destabilization, the river channel may be altered by the landslide mass to form a landslide dam, potentially threatening the integrity of the dam via impulse waves generated during destabilization. The research results provide technical support for reservoir scheduling in major water conservancy and hydroelectric power station reservoirs as well as engineering risk assessment and prevention.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4441
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/w15071289
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2521238-2
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Bifidobacterium bifidum CCFM1163 Alleviated Cathartic Colon by Regulating the Intestinal Barrier and Restoring Enteric Nerves
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 15, No. 5 ( 2023-02-24), p. 1146-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 5 ( 2023-02-24), p. 1146-
    Abstract: Cathartic colon (CC), a type of slow-transit constipation caused by the long-term use of stimulant laxatives, does not have a precise and effective treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of Bifidobacterium bifidum CCFM1163 to relieve CC and to investigate its underlying mechanism. Male C57BL/6J mice were treated with senna extract for 8 weeks, followed by a 2-week treatment with B. bifidum CCFM1163. The results revealed that B. bifidum CCFM1163 effectively alleviated CC symptoms. The possible mechanism of B. bifidum CCFM1163 in relieving CC was analyzed by measuring the intestinal barrier and enteric nervous system (ENS)-related indices and establishing a correlation between each index and gut microbiota. The results indicated that B. bifidum CCFM1163 changed the gut microbiota by significantly increasing the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium, Faecalibaculum, Romboutsia, and Turicibacter as well as the content of short-chain fatty acids, especially propionic acid, in the feces. This increased the expression of tight junction proteins and aquaporin 8, decreased intestinal transit time, increased fecal water content, and relieved CC. In addition, B. bifidum CCFM1163 also increased the relative abundance of Faecalibaculum in feces and the expression of enteric nerve marker proteins to repair the ENS, promote intestinal motility, and relieve constipation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu15051146
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Nutrition, Bioactive Components, and Hepatoprotective Activity of Fruit Vinegar Produced from Ningxia Wolfberry
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Molecules Vol. 27, No. 14 ( 2022-07-11), p. 4422-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 27, No. 14 ( 2022-07-11), p. 4422-
    Abstract: Wolfberry (Lycium barbarum L.) is a nutritious and medicinal fruit, and deeply processed products of wolfberry needs to be improved. In this study, nutrition, bioactive compounds, and hepaprotective activity were explored in wolfberry vinegar (WFV). The contents of nutrients including total sugar and protein in WFV samples were 2.46 and 0.27 g/100 mL, respectively. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents in WFV were 2.42 mg GAE/mL and 1.67 mg RE/mL, respectively. p-Hydroxybenzoic acid and m-hydroxycinnamic acid were the main polyphenols in WFV. The antioxidant activity of WFV were 20.176 mM Trolox/L (ABTS), 8.614 mM Trolox/L (FRAP), and 26.736 mM Trolox/L (DPPH), respectively. In addition, WFV treatment effectively alleviated liver injury by improving histopathological changes and reducing liver biochemical indexes in CCl4-treated mice. WFV alleviated oxidative damage by inhibiting oxidative levels and increasing antioxidant levels. These results suggest that WFV can be utilized as a functional food to prevent oxidative liver injury.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144422
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Active Ingredients of Jiang-Zhi-Ning: Study of the Nelumbo nucifera Alkaloids and Their Main Bioactive Metabolites
    MDPI AG ; 2012
    In:  Molecules Vol. 17, No. 8 ( 2012-08-16), p. 9855-9867
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 17, No. 8 ( 2012-08-16), p. 9855-9867
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules17089855
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 10
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    Agarose-Degrading Characteristics of a Deep-Sea Bacterium Vibrio Natriegens WPAGA4 and Its Cold-Adapted GH50 Agarase Aga3420
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Marine Drugs Vol. 20, No. 11 ( 2022-11-01), p. 692-
    Details
    In: Marine Drugs, MDPI AG, Vol. 20, No. 11 ( 2022-11-01), p. 692-
    Abstract: Up until now, the characterizations of GH50 agarases from Vibrio species have rarely been reported compared to GH16 agarases. In this study, a deep-sea strain, WPAGA4, was isolated and identified as Vibrio natriegens due to the maximum similarity of its 16S rRNA gene sequence, the values of its average nucleotide identity, and through digital DNA–DNA hybridization. Two circular chromosomes in V. natriegens WPAGA4 were assembled. A total of 4561 coding genes, 37 rRNA, 131 tRNA, and 59 other non-coding RNA genes were predicted in the genome of V. natriegens WPAGA4. An agarase gene belonging to the GH50 family was annotated in the genome sequence and expressed in E. coli cells. The optimum temperature and pH of the recombinant Aga3420 (rAga3420) were 40 °C and 7.0, respectively. Neoagarobiose (NA2) was the only product during the degradation process of agarose by rAga3420. rAga3420 had a favorable stability following incubation at 10–30 °C for 50 min. The Km, Vmax, and kcat values of rAga3420 were 2.8 mg/mL, 78.1 U/mg, and 376.9 s−1, respectively. rAga3420 displayed cold-adapted properties as 59.7% and 41.2% of the relative activity remained at 10 3 °C and 0 °C, respectively. This property ensured V. natriegens WPAGA4 could degrade and metabolize the agarose in cold deep-sea environments and enables rAga3420 to be an appropriate industrial enzyme for NA2 production, with industrial potential in medical and cosmetic fields.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-3397
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/md20110692
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175190-0
    SSG: 15,3
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