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  • Mobility and traffic research  (14)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Implementation of Real-Time Offset-Tuning Algorithm for Integrated Corridor Management
    SAGE Publications ; 2015
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2488, No. 1 ( 2015-01), p. 97-107
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2488, No. 1 ( 2015-01), p. 97-107
    Abstract: Integrated corridor management (ICM) has been proved to relieve recurrent and nonrecurrent congestion effectively in a transportation network. Traffic signal coordination is an effective approach for improving travel speed and decreasing delays. The incorporation of traffic signal coordination into ICM further improves the benefits of ICM strategies. However, traffic signal coordination is applied on the basis of commuter traffic, and detour traffic is not considered. A real-time and proactive offset-tuning algorithm is proposed to reduce the delays of detour traffic without disrupting existing traffic. The algorithm explicitly incorporates diverted traffic and diverted traffic patterns into the existing traffic. The offsets of each coordinated intersection are fine-tuned and updated every 10 cycles to provide smooth progression for upcoming traffic. A case study was conducted to prove the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. The benchmark case was TRANSYT-7F coordinated traffic signal timing plans. The simulation statistics indicated that the proposed approach created a saving of 8.8% in travel time and 8.3% in control delay in the direction of the diversion. The proposed algorithm did not sacrifice the traffic conditions in the opposite direction of the detour. The statistical analysis proved that the average control delay for both the direction of the diversion and the opposite direction, for all intersections, decreased by 5.6%, with a lower control delay at the 95% confidence interval. The diversion contributed to a gain of 9.22 mph or 18.96% in average speed on the freeway.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3141/2488-10
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2015
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Long-Term Field Transverse Cracking Performance of Warm-Mix Asphalt Pavement and Its Significant Material Property
    SAGE Publications ; 2016
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2576, No. 1 ( 2016-01), p. 109-120
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2576, No. 1 ( 2016-01), p. 109-120
    Abstract: With the growing awareness of sustainable construction practices and because warm-mix asphalt (WMA) is environmentally friendly, WMA is gaining popularity for pavement construction in the United States. Currently, it is generally believed that rutting and moisture damage are two major concerns for WMA pavements, but because WMA requires less aging, its cracking resistance is expected to be improved. One of the primary cracking distresses of concern is transverse cracking, which could be thermal cracking in asphalt pavement or reflective cracking in asphalt overlay caused by underlying thermal cracking. Thus, transverse cracking is another primary distress. This study investigated the long-term field transverse cracking of 28 pavement projects, including WMA pavements and corresponding hot-mix asphalt (HMA) control pavements across the United States, covering different climate zones, WMA technologies, service years, pavement structures, and traffic volume levels. Two distress surveys were conducted at an interval of 2 years, and the material properties of the asphalt mixtures and binders were determined with field cores and extracted binders. The long-term field performance of the WMA and HMA pavements were compared for transverse cracking. The study found that HMA and WMA pavements exhibited comparable transverse cracking. Fracture work density obtained from indirect tensile testing at 14°F was found to be the significant determinant for transverse cracking. Significant mix design parameters were identified that can affect the resistance of mixtures to transverse cracking and that can be employed to guide the development of a well-performing mix design.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3141/2576-12
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2016
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    When Walking Becomes Praying: Walking Environment Survey and Improvement for Circumambulation Paths in Lhasa, Tibet, China
    SAGE Publications ; 2016
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2581, No. 1 ( 2016-01), p. 134-144
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2581, No. 1 ( 2016-01), p. 134-144
    Abstract: Circumambulation paths are special circle streets where road users travel not only for destinations but also for pilgrimage practices. Lhasa, the capital of the Tibet Autonomous Region in China, has many streets of this type, such as Nangkhor, Barkhor, Tsekhor, and Lingkhor. The recent sharp rise in car ownership in Lhasa has brought conflicts between drivers and pedestrians and pilgrimage practitioners. Because the situations on these streets are so unique, three customized survey methods were proposed and applied on Lingkhor Street as a case study to investigate problems of the walking environment: ( a) the passing-passenger-unit method, which quantifies the right-of-way distribution between road users; ( b) the quick-sketch method, which stratifies pedestrians’ needs into four levels—basic space, commute, rest, and religion; and ( c) the poker game method, which identifies the most needed improvements, including limiting the vehicle right-of-way, planting trees, offering rest areas, and providing Wi-Fi (wireless fidelity) coverage. From the survey results, a plan to improve the walking environment in Lhasa was proposed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3141/2581-16
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2016
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Long-Term Field Rutting and Moisture Susceptibility Performance of Warm-Mix Asphalt Pavement
    SAGE Publications ; 2016
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2575, No. 1 ( 2016-01), p. 103-112
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2575, No. 1 ( 2016-01), p. 103-112
    Abstract: Although warm-mix asphalt (WMA) has been used in pavement construction in recent years, the long-term field performance of WMA pavements has not been studied extensively. In response, this study investigated 28 pavement projects in the United States, covering different climate zones, WMA technologies, service years, pavement structures, and traffic volume levels. The long-term field rutting performance between WMA pavements and hot-mix asphalt (HMA) pavements was compared. Field samples were extracted for laboratory experiments. Significant determinants (engineering or material properties) that correlate with rutting performance also were investigated. A simple rutting resistance index obtained from the Hamburg wheel-tracking test was found to be the significant determinant (material property) that correlates best with field rutting performance. The significant mix design parameters that affect the rutting resistance index were analyzed to suggest a better rutting-resistant mix design. In addition, no moisture damage or raveling was observed for the selected projects in the field. Therefore, the moisture susceptibility of the mixes was evaluated in regard to the stripping inflection point of field cores as obtained from the Hamburg wheel-tracking test results. It was found also that most of the mixes that did not include an antistripping agent exhibited a stripping inflection point, suggesting the need for the addition of an antistripping agent in pavement mixtures.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3141/2575-11
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2016
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Hazard Perception in Driving: A Systematic Literature Review
    SAGE Publications ; 2022
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2676, No. 12 ( 2022-12), p. 666-690
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2676, No. 12 ( 2022-12), p. 666-690
    Abstract: Hazard perception (HP) is the process of detecting and identifying hazards. Drivers’ HP abilities are critical for driving safety. This paper presents a systematic literature review of driver HP, including scientific measures of HP, major human factors affecting HP, and training methods for improving HP skills. Sixty-nine peer-reviewed studies were identified and reviewed. The results showed that common measures of HP include hazard scenario questionnaires, HP reaction time, hazard hit rate, and eye fixation measures such as fixation probability, fixation reaction time, fixation duration, and fixation variance. Major human factors that affect HP include experience, aging, fatigue, distraction, and the use of alcohol and drugs. Various training methods have been developed to train and improve drivers’ HP skills. In general, there is evidence in the literature showing the effectiveness of HP training. A combination of complementary training approaches such as instruction, expert demonstration, and active practice with feedback and attention support the use of picture-, video-, computer-, and simulator-based training methods to improve HP performance in shorter HP reaction time, higher hazard hit rate, and better eye scan patterns (more spread scan, more anticipatory scan). These findings could guide future work developing and designing HP training programs. Three future research areas are identified and discussed: the need for standardized HP tests, long-term testing of HP training programs, and new HP questions and challenges brought by partially automated vehicles.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/03611981221096666
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Graded Subsidy Policy-Based Equilibrium Strategy Applied to Investment in Electric Vehicle Chargers: A Case Study in Chengdu
    SAGE Publications ; 2023
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications
    Abstract: The Chinese government has released plenty of incentive policies to stimulate the diffusion rate of electric vehicles (EV) and the number of public charging stations, such as charging parking lots (PLs). This paper explores cooperative relationships between regional governments and PL owners in the process of investment in EV charging equipment, and a bi-level optimization model is built to examine their hierarchical relationships. Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions are utilized to solve the NP-hard problem. Five PLs in Chengdu are selected as examples to examine the validity of this model. The optimal allocation decision of the government and the optimal investment decisions of PL owners are concluded through the calculation results. Compared with non-graded subsidies, the priority of the graded subsidy rules is confirmed. In line with the calculation results, subsidies can promote investors to provide more charging services, and a graded allocation rule can maximize the incentive performance of subsidies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/03611981231182713
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Label-Less Learning for Urban Railway Transit Driver Fatigue Detection with Heart Rate Variability
    SAGE Publications ; 2023
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2677, No. 5 ( 2023-05), p. 11-23
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2677, No. 5 ( 2023-05), p. 11-23
    Abstract: Driver fatigue has a direct impact on urban railway transit (URT) drivers’ driving behavior and can cause driver error. The existing methods for fatigue detection mainly train the models with supervised learning, relying heavily on the annotation of recorded data. However, labeled data are unobtainable in some environments, especially for URT driver fatigue levels during actual driving. Therefore, this study proposes a fatigue detection method using unlabeled heart rate variability data to monitor URT driver fatigue in actual working conditions. By utilizing the existing conclusions with regard to factors contributing to fatigue and physiological changes, this study annotated a small number of samples and then used a novel positive and unlabeled learning algorithm based on nearest neighbors and random forest to divide samples into different fatigue levels. The proposed method was evaluated using the URT driver fatigue data sets collected in the lab. Binary classification achieved an accuracy of 79.0%. However, the accuracy of three-class classification was only 55.7%. In addition, the proposed method performed as well using the field data set as it did using the lab data set. The results show the high generalization performance of the proposed method, which could contribute to addressing the issue of lack of labeled training data for fatigue detection in actual working conditions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/03611981221127010
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Variation of Pilots’ Mental Workload Under Emergency Flight Conditions Induced by Different Equipment Failures: A Flight Simulator Study
    SAGE Publications ; 2023
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications
    Abstract: Pilots’ excessive mental workload could reduce their ability to perform concurrent tasks during emergency flights, which is one of the most critical aviation safety concerns. Several past efforts have attempted to investigate the underlying issues, but all had limited success owing to the challenge of collecting representative data under realistic operating conditions. This study aimed to address this challenge by conducting a flight simulator study involving a comparatively large number of participants, who were pilot cadets with flight experience, and using noninvasive functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to collect the pilots’ brain activity data. Pilots’ subjective ratings and brain activity records were collected over a total of 75 simulated flights under three subtask scenarios comprising different equipment failures. A statistical analysis was carried out on the subjective ratings and on the changes observed in the saturation of the oxyhemoglobin (ΔOxyHb) of individual fNIRS channels. The mental workload of the pilots was classified using a support vector machine hierarchical combination classifier, focusing on the question of whether it is feasible to classify pilots’ mental workload using brain activity signals (i.e., ΔOxyHb). The results suggested that the pilots’ mental workload levels were highly associated with the ΔOxyHb measures as well as with the activities of different brain regions, including the prefrontal-, motor-, and occipital cortex. The findings from this study could provide a reference for optimizing pilot training systems and improving pilot performance during emergency flight operations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/03611981231184188
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Laboratory Tests and Numerical Simulations of Mixing Superheated Virgin Aggregate with Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Materials
    SAGE Publications ; 2015
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2506, No. 1 ( 2015-01), p. 62-71
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2506, No. 1 ( 2015-01), p. 62-71
    Abstract: The use of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) in asphalt mix contributes to sustainable construction. However, a high percentage of RAP in asphalt mix causes concern about compromising the performance of asphalt pavement, especially cracking. The binder transfer and blending between RAP and virgin aggregate during production in an asphalt plant is a critical procedure that affects the performance of the asphalt mix. The heating of RAP by superheated virgin aggregate and the transfer of RAP binder can affect the degree to which virgin binder and RAP binder are blended and thus affect the performance of mixes containing RAP. Several parameters, such as RAP percentage, mixing time, and RAP moisture content, can affect the heating of RAP and the degree of blending between the virgin binder and RAP binder. To increase the understanding of RAP heating and RAP binder transfer, laboratory tests and numerical simulations that employed the discrete element method (DEM) were conducted for this study to investigate the temperature evolution and amount of RAP binder transfer during the mixing of superheated virgin aggregate and RAP materials in a laboratory drum mixer. The results indicated that a longer mixing time or higher superheated virgin aggregate temperature was needed for cases with a high RAP content and high RAP moisture content. The DEM simulations were found to be a promising method for studying the mixing process of superheated virgin aggregate blended with RAP materials. In the future, such DEM simulations could be applied to guide the mix production process for RAP mixes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3141/2506-07
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2015
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Development of Predictive Models for Initiation and Propagation of Field Transverse Cracking
    SAGE Publications ; 2015
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2524, No. 1 ( 2015-01), p. 92-99
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2524, No. 1 ( 2015-01), p. 92-99
    Abstract: The development of field transverse cracking prediction models is highly complicated because of several factors, including the difficulty in differentiating thermal cracking from reflective cracking in the field, the high variability of field conditions, and the potential variability in crack initiation and crack propagation mechanisms. As a result, a statistical-based approach is preferred to a mechanical-based prediction model. In this study, statistical methods, partial least squares regression, and binary logistic regression were used to establish prediction models for field transverse cracking. Results indicated that crack initiation and crack propagation were controlled by predictor variables. Material properties (mixture creep compliance, work density, and percentage passing the No. 200 sieve), pavement structure (overlay thickness), climate (low temperature hour), and traffic (average annual daily truck traffic) were found to be key indicators for transverse crack propagation. Low temperature hour, percentage passing No. 200 sieve, indirect tensile strength, and service life were critical predictor variables for crack initiation. In particular, the crack initiation model, developed by the binary logistic regression, predicted the probability of crack initiation. Both models show good predictability and are well validated. These models appear to work for hot-mix and warm-mix asphalt pavements.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3141/2524-09
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2015
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