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  • Mobility and traffic research  (7)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Adaptive Fuzzy Planning of Optimal Speed Profiles for High-Speed Train Operation on the Basis of a Pareto Set
    SAGE Publications ; 2016
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2546, No. 1 ( 2016-01), p. 103-111
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2546, No. 1 ( 2016-01), p. 103-111
    Abstract: Today, one of the main concerns for railways administrations and operators is reducing energy consumption. Ecodriving design is one of the main approaches to reducing energy consumption with low levels of investment. In this paper, a Pareto set–based adaptive fuzzy approach to trajectory planning is proposed to generate energy-efficient speed profiles for high-speed train operation. First, the Pareto set for high-speed train operation is constructed by using a hybrid evolutionary algorithm based on differential evolution and simulated annealing. Second, by considering that the operational delays are variable because of the uncertainties of line conditions in practice, a system to control adaptive fuzzy predictions is proposed to regulate the coasting point dynamically so as to meet the requirements of punctuality and energy savings. The proposed approach decreases the energy consumption of high-speed trains mainly by changing the coasting point, a technique that make implementation easy and guarantees passenger comfort compared with frequent changes under different operating conditions. Finally, the proposed approach is analyzed by using real operational data from the Wuhan–Guangzhou high-speed railway line in China to assess energy savings and punctuality. The results of simulation illustrate the efficiency of the proposed approach.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3141/2546-13
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403378-9
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Downstream Effects of Speed Photo–Radar Enforcement and Other Speed Reduction Treatments on Work Zones
    SAGE Publications ; 2009
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2107, No. 1 ( 2009-01), p. 24-33
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2107, No. 1 ( 2009-01), p. 24-33
    Abstract: The effects of automated speed photo–radar enforcement (SPE) and traditional speed reduction treatments (speed feedback trailer, presence of police vehicles with emergency lights on and off, and combinations of the speed feedback trailer and police presence) on speed were studied at a location 1.5 mi downstream of the actual treatment (spatial effects). Three data sets from two Interstate highway work zones were used. Field data consistently showed significant spatial (downstream) effects for SPE. The combination of speed feedback trailer and police vehicle with emergency lights off had downstream effects in some cases but to a lesser degree than SPE. Other treatments showed no significant downstream effects. For free-flowing traffic, SPE reduced the average downstream speed by 2 to 3.8 mph for cars and by 0.8 to 5.3 mph for trucks. Also, SPE reduced speeding cars by 7.1% to 23.4% (except for cars in median in Data Set 1), and speeding trucks by 4.2% to 48.3% (except for trucks in shoulder in Data Set 3). For the general traffic stream, SPE reduced the average downstream speed by 1.1 to 2.9 mph on cars and by 0.9 to 3.3 mph on trucks. When SPE was used, the percentage of speeding cars and trucks in the general traffic stream was reduced by 2.9% to 28.6%, and by 7.5% to 36.1%, respectively. SPE also reduced the percentage of cars in the general traffic stream exceeding the speed limit by more than 10 mph in virtually all cases, and eliminated such trucks in all but one case.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3141/2107-03
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403378-9
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Speed Photo–Radar Enforcement and Its Effects on Speed in Work Zones
    SAGE Publications ; 2009
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2096, No. 1 ( 2009-01), p. 89-97
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2096, No. 1 ( 2009-01), p. 89-97
    Abstract: Automated speed photo–radar enforcement (SPE) in work zones was implemented for the first time in the United States in Illinois. This paper presents the results of the effectiveness of SPE on the basis of three data sets collected in two work zones. SPE was effective in reducing the average speed and increasing compliance with the work zone speed limit in all three data sets. In almost all cases in which SPE was implemented, the average speeds were significantly lower than the work zone speed limit. The average free-flowing speed of cars was reduced by 4.2 to 7.9 mph, and that of trucks by 3.4 to 6.9 mph. SPE reduced the percentage of cars and heavy vehicles exceeding the speed limit significantly. The percentages of free-flowing cars exceeding the speed limit were reduced from 39.8% to 8.3% in Data Set 1, from 30.4% to 4.2% in Data Set 2, and from 93.2% to 45.5% in Data Set 3. The percentages of free-flowing heavy vehicles exceeding the speed limit were reduced from 17.3% to 4.2% in Data Set 1; from 6.1% to 1.2% in Data Set 2; and from 69.2% to 13.9% in Data Set 3. Trucks did not exceed the speed limit by more than 10 mph in any of the data sets when SPE was implemented. In two data sets no cars exceeded the speed limit by more than 10 mph, while in the third data set only 2.5% did. Field data were also collected after the SPE van left the work zone to examine the halo (temporal) effects of SPE. SPE had a halo effect of 1.8∼2.7 mph on free-flowing trucks in one work zone but none in the other work zone. The halo effect of SPE on free-flowing cars was a limited 1.2 mph on the shoulder lane in only one data set.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3141/2096-12
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2009
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Statistical Characteristics of Aircraft Arrival Tracks
    SAGE Publications ; 2010
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2177, No. 1 ( 2010-01), p. 98-104
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2177, No. 1 ( 2010-01), p. 98-104
    Abstract: The statistical characterization of flight tracks is a critical component of safety analysis models. This paper presents an analysis of multilateration data that uses an extension of an algorithm. Key results are as follows: the separation distribution does not appear to change much at different points along the approach path. The left tail of separation (corresponding to the smallest separation values) decays faster than a normal distribution. This is positive from a safety perspective. If this behavior is extrapolated beyond the observed data, one can conjecture that smaller separations have probabilities that rapidly decay to effectively zero. Lateral positions near the threshold do not appear to be heavy tailed, either. Finally, estimates of the final approach separation variability are consistent with previously published results.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3141/2177-12
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2010
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    New Jersey Turnpike Time-of-Day Pricing Initiative's Behavioral Impacts : Observed Role of Travel Distance on Underlying Elasticities
    SAGE Publications ; 2007
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2010, No. 1 ( 2007-01), p. 53-61
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2010, No. 1 ( 2007-01), p. 53-61
    Abstract: This paper discusses the key findings of a research project aimed at assessing the behavioral impacts of the time-of-day pricing implementation on the New Jersey Turnpike. Analysis of data collected by the authors, including behavioral and travel patterns before and after the time-of-day pricing initiative, revealed the following: ( a) about 7.0% of individual drivers (6.6% of car trips) changed behavior as a consequence of the time-of-day pricing initiative, which translated into market elasticities for toll changes of –0.398 with the number of individuals used as the unit of demand and of –0.545 with the number of trips per month used; ( b) users responded to time-of-day pricing by implementing multidimensional strategies, including changes in facility usage, time of travel, productivity of car travel, and mode or occupancy; ( c) users traveling relatively shorter distances exhibited more elastic behavior than those traveling long distances; and ( d) only around 5% had more than one-half hour of flexibility and traveled during peak hours (they could be the target of the time-of-day pricing initiative because of the flexibility to shift to off-peak periods).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3141/2010-07
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2007
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Automated Speed Photo Enforcement Effects on Speeds in Work Zones
    SAGE Publications ; 2008
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2055, No. 1 ( 2008-01), p. 11-20
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2055, No. 1 ( 2008-01), p. 11-20
    Abstract: Automated speed enforcement in construction zones has the potential to increase compliance with the speed limit and improve safety. The effectiveness of speed photo enforcement (SPE) (by radar) in reducing speeds and increasing speed limit compliance in work zones was evaluated for the first time in the United States, at Illinois work zones. Details are presented on SPE implementation and its effectiveness at the point it was stationed and at a downstream location in a work zone. Speed data were collected at the location of SPE and at a location 1.5 mi downstream in the work zone to determine the point and spatial effects of SPE. Speeds were measured for free-flowing and platooned cars and heavy vehicles in shoulder and median lanes. Results showed that SPE is effective in reducing the average speed and increasing compliance with work zone speed limit. The SPE reduced speed in the median lane more than in the shoulder lane, as expected. In addition, the speed of free-flowing vehicles was reduced more than for platooned vehicles. The reduction of the mean speed varied from 3.2 to 7.3 mph. The percentage of vehicles exceeding the speed limit near SPE was reduced from about 40% to 8% for free-flowing cars and from 17% to 4% for free-flowing heavy vehicles. Near the SPE van, none of the cars exceeded the speed limit by more than 10 mph, and none of the heavy vehicles exceeded it by more than 5 mph. The data also showed a mixed spatial effect for SPE. At the downstream location, the speed reduction for cars was not significant, while it varied from 0.9 to 2.5 mph for heavy vehicles.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3141/2055-02
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2008
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sustained and Halo Effects of Various Speed Reduction Treatments in Highway Work Zones
    SAGE Publications ; 2011
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2265, No. 1 ( 2011-01), p. 118-128
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2265, No. 1 ( 2011-01), p. 118-128
    Abstract: This paper analyzes the speed reductions achieved with the use of an automated speed photo–radar enforcement (SPE) system in highway work zones. A comparison with the following three traditional treatments used to reduce speeds is also presented: (a) a speed feedback trailer (trailer treatment), (b) a police patrol car (police treatment), and (c) the combination of a police patrol car and a speed feedback trailer (police–trailer treatment). The results indicated that the SPE system and police–trailer treatments reduced the mean speed of both the general traffic stream and free-flowing vehicles by about 5 to 7 mph. The magnitudes of the speed reductions while the treatments were deployed were sustained over time. Police presence alone also reduced the speed significantly but to a lesser degree, and the effects of the trailer treatment alone were limited. The frequency and the degree of speeding were also influenced by the treatments to various degrees. The proportion of drivers speeding by more than 10 mph was reduced by 8.7% by the SPE system treatment and by 8.9% by the police–trailer and police treatments, which brought the rate of speeding down to 0.2% for the SPE system treatment and 0% for the police–trailer and police treatments. These treatments also reduced the frequency of speeding by 10 mph or less by 36% to 46%. The halo effect for the SPE system after the treatment was removed was limited to a reduction in the mean speed of 2 mph or less, and that for the police treatments was not significant.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3141/2265-13
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2011
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