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  • Mobility and traffic research  (20)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Robotic Competitions to Design Future Transport Systems: The Case of JRC AUTOTRAC 2020
    SAGE Publications ; 2023
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2677, No. 2 ( 2023-02), p. 1165-1178
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2677, No. 2 ( 2023-02), p. 1165-1178
    Abstract: Vehicle automation and connectivity bring new opportunities for safe and sustainable mobility in urban and highway networks. Such opportunities are however not directly associated with traffic flow improvements. Research on exploitation of connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) toward a more efficient traffic currently remains at a theoretical level, and/or based on simulation models with limited reliability. Furthermore, testing CAVs in the real world is still costly and very challenging from an implementation perspective. A possible alternative is to use automated robots. By designing and testing both the low- and the high-level controllers of CAVs, it is indeed possible to reach a better understanding of the challenges that future vehicles will need to face. Robotic applications can effectively test these challenges within a wide variety of research communities—for example, via robotic competitions. Along this direction, the Joint Research Centre has organized the first European robotic traffic competition for automated miniature vehicles. Each team participated with four robots and was judged based on a set of indicators that assess the collective behaviors of the vehicles. Results show the suitability of the methodology with different teams proposing completely different approaches to deal with the challenge and thus achieving different results. Future competitions may further raise awareness about the possibility of using CAVs to improve traffic and to engage with a broader community to design systems that are really capable of achieving this goal.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/03611981221110566
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of Preheating on the Rheological Properties of Rejuvenated Asphalt Binder
    SAGE Publications ; 2019
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2673, No. 4 ( 2019-04), p. 546-557
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2673, No. 4 ( 2019-04), p. 546-557
    Abstract: Hot in-place recycling (HIR) is a process that reuses reclaimed asphalt materials to benefit the environment and conserve natural resources. HIR has not yet been widely applied in China because of technical drawbacks such as reclaimed materials’ fatigue properties and poor cracking resistance. Preheating is the first procedure in HIR and significantly affects the diffusion of rejuvenators within the aged asphalt and the remixing of virgin and aged mixtures. This study focuses on the effects of preheating on the rheological properties of rejuvenated asphalt binder using dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) testing. Three types of rejuvenators (Reju-A, Reju-B and Reju-C), three types of base asphalt binder (#50, #70, and #90), recovered asphalt from recycled asphalt pavement, and laboratory-aged asphalt were investigated to analyze the rheological properties under different heating conditions. The results show that (1) rejuvenators contain little in the way of viscous characteristics and have a viscosity-reducing effect on aged asphalt; (2) field-aged asphalt loses cohesion and gains rutting resistance during aging; and (3) preheating has a significant effect on diffusion of rejuvenators within aged asphalt as well as on rheological properties. In short, a good controlled preheating operation is critical to the quality of the asphalt rejuvenation process.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0361198119834908
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Predicting Bus Arrival Time on the Basis of Global Positioning System Data
    SAGE Publications ; 2007
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2034, No. 1 ( 2007-01), p. 62-72
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2034, No. 1 ( 2007-01), p. 62-72
    Abstract: The ability to obtain accurate predictions of bus arrival time on a real-time basis is a vital element to both bus operations control and passenger information systems. Several studies had been devoted to this arrival time prediction problem; however, few resulted in completely satisfactory algorithms. This paper presents a new system that can be used to predict the expected bus arrival times at individual bus stops along a service route. The proposed prediction algorithm combines real-time location data from Global Positioning System receivers with average travel speeds of individual route segments, taking into account historical travel speed as well as temporal and spatial variations of traffic conditions. A geographic information system–based map-matching algorithm is used to project each received location onto the underlying transit network. The system is implemented as a finite state machine to ensure its regularity, stability, and robustness under a wide range of operating conditions. A case study on a real bus route is conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed system in terms of prediction accuracy. The results indicate that the proposed system is capable of achieving satisfactory accuracy in predicting bus arrival times and perfect performance in predicting travel direction.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3141/2034-08
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2007
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Modeling Pedestrian Delays at Signalized Intersections as a Function of Crossing Directions and Moving Paths
    SAGE Publications ; 2017
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2615, No. 1 ( 2017-01), p. 95-104
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2615, No. 1 ( 2017-01), p. 95-104
    Abstract: Pedestrian delay is a key performance indicator for evaluating the level of service for pedestrians at signalized intersections. Although much is known about the pedestrian delay of a signalized crosswalk, the existing model in the Highway Capacity Manual 2010 cannot provide the necessary accuracy for estimating the pedestrian delay of the diagonal crossing (crossing to the diagonally opposite corner of the intersection in two stages) and the entire intersection. In this paper, a new pedestrian control delay model is proposed: the model considers the diagonal crossing and moving paths. The proposed model is validated on the basis of field measurements. The main factors affecting the pedestrian control delay during diagonal crossing are discussed. Results reveal that the proposed model is promising in increasing the estimation accuracy of the pedestrian control delay of the diagonal crossing and the entire intersection (approximately 20%). The delay of the diagonal crossing increases with an increase in the time gap of the green light between the two adjacent crosswalks and an increase in the green time length of the crosswalk.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3141/2615-11
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2017
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Multiobjective Evaluation of Midblock Crosswalks on Urban Streets Based on TOPSIS and Entropy Methods
    SAGE Publications ; 2016
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2586, No. 1 ( 2016-01), p. 59-71
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2586, No. 1 ( 2016-01), p. 59-71
    Abstract: This study presents a multiobjective evaluation method to estimate the performance of various midblock crosswalk treatments on urban streets. The considered objectives included traffic operation, traffic safety, environmental impacts, and costs. Data were collected at 16 midblock crosswalks in the Nanjing area in China. Vissim simulation models were developed and calibrated with field data to evaluate the operational and environmental impacts of various midblock crosswalk treatments. For the impact of various treatments on traffic operation, the total control delay to vehicles on the major streets and pedestrians were estimated. For the impact on traffic safety, the frequency of traffic conflicts was calculated. For the impact on the environment, vehicle emissions and fuel consumption were quantified. The TOPSIS entropy evaluation method was then used to rank the performance of various treatments of crosswalks considering multiple performance measures. Compared with the life-cycle cost analysis method that quantifies the benefits and costs using monetized expressions to establish a common unit, the TOPSIS method presented does not require the well-developed economic theories of valuation. It was found that by combining multiple objectives in decision making, one may obtain different results with regard to the optimum treatments of crosswalks. The research results can be directly used by traffic engineers to select crosswalk treatments given traffic flow conditions and geometric design characteristics. The framework implemented in the study can also be used to estimate the impacts of other traffic projects considering multiobjective evaluation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3141/2586-07
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2016
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Curbside Parking Monitoring With Roadside LiDAR
    SAGE Publications ; 2023
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2677, No. 10 ( 2023-10), p. 824-838
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2677, No. 10 ( 2023-10), p. 824-838
    Abstract: Cities worldwide are striving to find more efficient approaches to address the prevalent parking challenges in urban areas. A key aspect of achieving an optimal parking environment is the collection of curbside parking data, which enables informed decision-making and effective management of on-street parking spaces. This study proposes a solution for curbside parking monitoring and data collection using roadside LiDAR systems. By leveraging laser beam variation detection, this solution can extract essential information about parking usage. Unlike existing solutions, such as imagery or embedded sensor-based monitoring, our solution offers portability and ease of deployment for short-term or long-term curbside parking data collection. Additionally, the LiDAR sensor captures only three-dimensional data and is independent of illumination conditions, ensuring stable operation throughout the day while safeguarding privacy by not capturing imagery. These features align with the requirements of city agencies for parking data collection. The workflow follows a simple trend without the need for complex training, as typically seen in machine learning-based methods, and instead relies on parameter tuning based on real-world environmental factors. To validate the effectiveness of our method, we collected curbside parking data for five days at a midtown traffic junction with eight parking spaces. Manual validation confirmed a 95% match between identified parking events and observed data across different time periods. The study further presents parking statistics based on the identified events, revealing crucial insights about parking usage in the study area.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/03611981231193410
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Driving Simulator Study: Eco-Driving Training System Based on Individual Characteristics
    SAGE Publications ; 2019
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2673, No. 8 ( 2019-08), p. 463-476
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2673, No. 8 ( 2019-08), p. 463-476
    Abstract: This research sought to establish an eco-driving training system based on a driving simulator. The eco-driving training system contained five modules: human machine interface, data management, scene management, mode management, and evaluation algorithm management. It was proposed to base the new eco-driving training system on drivers’ individual characteristics. This system first asked drivers to conduct a diagnostic drive on a stretch of roadway in a driving simulator. The data on each driver’s non-ecological driving behaviors under different events were collected. Then each driver was given a customized training course based on an evaluation of his/her driving behaviors during the diagnostic drive. This training process is called eco-driving training based on individual characteristics (EDTIC). Eighty taxi drivers were recruited and divided into two groups for eco-driving training. One group was trained by watching videos, and the other was trained by the EDTIC training. An analysis of results shows that the EDTIC training was significantly more effective than traditional video training. Under the EDTIC training, all driving behaviors improved and emissions and fuel consumption were greatly reduced; the reduction was as great as 8.3–8.4%. The EDTIC training was proven effective at improving the eco-driving behavior of taxi drivers (i.e., professional drivers), and it could also be employed to train other professional drivers (bus and truck drivers) and non-professional drivers.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0361198119843260
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effectiveness of Warning Piles on Driving Behavior on the Curve of Low-Grade Highway
    SAGE Publications ; 2021
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2675, No. 8 ( 2021-08), p. 76-92
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2675, No. 8 ( 2021-08), p. 76-92
    Abstract: To develop a scientific and practicable guideline for implementing warning piles on Chinese low-grade highways, it is necessary to study the effect of warning piles on driving performance in different road alignments and environments. Based on a driving simulator, this paper evaluates the effect of unilateral and bilateral warning piles on vehicle speed and lateral position on a two-lane rural highway curve with different road geometries. The results show a significant effect of bilateral warning piles on speed control, which becomes more obvious as the radius of the curve decreases and the superelevation increases. In sharp curves, vehicle speed increases rapidly in the second half of the curve, and bilateral warning piles could significantly control speed increase to prevent danger. Meanwhile, the effect of bilateral warning piles on keeping vehicles in a safer lane position is also statistically significant in the second half of the curve. With a decreasing radius and an increasing superelevation, the value of the maximum lateral position will increase. Bilateral warning piles could reduce the lateral position to keep the vehicle on a stable track. Moreover, bilateral warning piles could also perform better at night. This paper studies both unilateral and bilateral warning piles’ effects on driving behavior in different road geometries, thus providing a theoretical basis for the engineering application of warning piles.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0361198121996358
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Transit Ridership Model Based on Geographically Weighted Regression
    SAGE Publications ; 2006
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 1972, No. 1 ( 2006-01), p. 105-114
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 1972, No. 1 ( 2006-01), p. 105-114
    Abstract: This paper describes the development of a geographically weighted regression (GWR) model to explore the spatial variability in the strength of the relationship between public transit use for home-based work (HBW) trip purposes and an array of potential transit use predictors. The transit use predictors considered include demographics and socioeconomics, land use, transit supply and quality, and pedestrian environment. The best predictors identified through model estimation include two global variables (regional accessibility of employment and percentage of households with no car) and three local variables (employment density, average number of cars in households with children, and percentage of the population who are black). The models were estimated on the basis of the 2000 Census Transportation Planning Package data for Broward County, Florida. Model testing indicates the GWR model has improved accuracy in predicting transit use for HBW purposes over linear regression models. The GWR model also indicates that the effects of the independent variables on transit use vary across space. The research points to future research to explore different model structures within a geographic area.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0361198106197200113
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2006
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Multiobjective Evaluation of Left-Turn Waiting Areas at Signalized Intersections in China
    SAGE Publications ; 2016
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2553, No. 1 ( 2016-01), p. 138-149
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2553, No. 1 ( 2016-01), p. 138-149
    Abstract: This study presents a procedure for evaluating the impacts of left-turn waiting areas at signalized intersections considering multiple performance measures, including traffic operations, safety, environmental impacts, and fuel consumption. Data were collected at 33 sites in Nanjing, China. Vissim simulation models were developed for both isolated intersections and a roadway segment to evaluate the operational and environmental impacts of left-turn waiting areas at signalized intersections. The frequency of traffic conflicts associated with the left-turning traffic was considered the safety performance measure. The life-cycle cost method was used to combine different components in the total benefit for an isolated intersection. It was found that first, for an isolated signalized intersection, the implementation of left-turn waiting areas is overall economically beneficial when the storage capacity of the left-turn waiting area is more than one vehicle. Second, when signal coordination at arterials is considered, a set of factors may determine the overall benefits of using left-turn waiting areas, including the distance between adjacent intersections, the signal timing strategy, the size of left-turn waiting areas, and other factors. The overall benefits of using left-turn waiting areas should be determined case by case. For more than 70% of the randomly generated network cases, the lead-lag phase yields greater maximized progression bandwidth than the dual lagging phase. In this situation, it is generally recommended to implement a left-turn waiting area on one approach with a lead-lag left-turn phase. For only a few network cases in which the maximized progression bandwidth of the lag-lag phase is larger than that of the lead-lag phase, the implementation of left-turn waiting areas on both approaches with a dual-lagging left-turn phase is recommended.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3141/2553-15
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2016
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