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  • Mobility and traffic research  (5)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Clustering of Several Typical Behavioral Characteristics of Commercial Vehicle Drivers Based on GPS Data Mining: Case Study of Highways in China
    SAGE Publications ; 2016
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2581, No. 1 ( 2016-01), p. 154-163
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2581, No. 1 ( 2016-01), p. 154-163
    Abstract: Some studies of driving behavior have been based on data mining to create a mechanism that relates data derived from vehicle monitoring, driver behavioral characteristics, and road safety to each other. To make the best of GPS data collected by transportation businesses and explore the potential rules of commercial vehicle driver behavioral characteristics, the parameters related to driving behavioral characteristics are extracted according to GPS data attributes based on factor analysis, and eight parameters of driving behavioral characteristics are transformed into a few aggregated variables containing clear information about driving behavior. With these variables as indicators, a cluster analysis of commercial vehicle driver behavioral characteristics in the selected case is carried out through hierarchical clustering. The results show that commercial vehicle driver behavioral characteristics can be effectively aggregated into four kinds: acceleration–deceleration, speeding-prone, acceleration, and deceleration. Of the four kinds, drivers with relatively serious acceleration–deceleration behavior are also characterized by three other relatively serious behaviors; such drivers have relatively high driving risks, so transportation businesses need to focus their supervision on those drivers. The research results have some relevance to the supervision and training of commercial vehicle drivers in China.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3141/2581-18
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403378-9
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Characteristics of Heavy Vehicle Discretionary Lane Changing Based on Trajectory Data
    SAGE Publications ; 2022
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2676, No. 3 ( 2022-03), p. 258-275
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2676, No. 3 ( 2022-03), p. 258-275
    Abstract: A comprehensive analysis of the motivations, gap acceptance, duration, and speed adjustment of heavy vehicle lane changes (LC) is conducted in this paper. An rich data set containing 433 discretionary LC trajectories of heavy vehicles is used in this study and the data set is divided into two data sets based on the LC direction (LC to the left lane [LCLL] and LC to the right lane [LCRL] ) for comparison. It is seen that LCLL and LCRL have significantly different motivations, which also results in different gap acceptance behavior. However, the LC direction does not significantly influence the LC duration. The navigation speed significantly influences the LC duration of heavy vehicles and the LC duration will decrease with the increase of speed, indicating the substantial impact of traffic conditions on LC duration. An obvious speed synchronization phenomenon is found in the process of LCLL, which is not the case in LCRL. The results of this study highlight the distinct characteristics of the LC of heavy vehicles and produce a better understanding of the lane-changing behaviors of heavy vehicles. The fitted distributions of LC duration and further investigation into gap acceptance behaviors may be used for microscopic traffic simulation and auto driving.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/03611981211051337
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Are Warnings Suitable for Presentation in Head-Up Display? A Meta-Analysis for the Effect of Head-Up Display Warning on Driving Performance
    SAGE Publications ; 2023
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications
    Abstract: Head-up display (HUD) warnings are gaining increasing attention with the growing importance of advanced warning systems in vehicles for improving driving safety. However, the effectiveness of HUD warnings is still controversial considering the various driving performance indexes, warning modalities, and driving scenarios used in previous studies. This study conducts meta-analyses of the relevant literature to examine whether HUD warnings (both unimodal HUD warnings and multimodal warnings with HUD) have advantages compared with other warnings (head-down display warnings, auditory warnings, tactile warnings, and multimodal warnings without HUD) for driver reaction times and driving quality. Overall, 33 articles were included in four meta-analyses. Additionally, the effects of the related moderator variables of scenario, mapping of warnings, and non-driving-related tasks (NDRTs) on the relationship between using HUD warnings and using non-HUD warnings was analyzed. The results show that using unimodal HUD warnings leads to faster reaction times compared with head-down display warnings but has no significant advantage on driving performance over auditory warnings in general and results in slower reaction times than using tactile warnings. However, results of the moderating effects suggest that using HUD warnings in non-critical scenarios and using high mapping HUD icons (i.e., HUD warnings with specific hazard information) are conducive to improving driving performance in comparison with other warning types. These results highlight the potential advantages of HUD in transmitting warning information. The future application and design of HUD warnings may need to focus on specific situations considering iconic mapping to an event.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/03611981231196146
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Exploratory Study of Flexural Performance of Mechanically Recycled Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Shreds as Reinforcement in Cement Mortar
    SAGE Publications ; 2021
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2675, No. 10 ( 2021-10), p. 1254-1267
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2675, No. 10 ( 2021-10), p. 1254-1267
    Abstract: Millions of tons of glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) waste have been steadily generated from end-of-life wind turbine blades and many other GFRP composites prevalent in everyday life, with limited reuse options. Recycled GFRP (rGFRP) by mechanical processing could be used in mortar and concrete as fibers or fillers. Maintaining the composite nature of rGFRP with a high fiber content is paramount to increased mechanical properties for concrete. In this study, high-modulus rGFRP particles were produced in three small, medium, and large relative sizes by hammer milling and screening. Small and medium rGFRPs were used in 1, 2, 3%, and large rGFRP in 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7% volume replacing sand in mortar. Almost all rGFRP-mortars showed significant improvement in flexural strength with their high modulus. All size groups of rGFRP progressively showed higher fracture toughness at higher amounts. Within the large group, 5 and 7%Vol had flexural toughness of about 2.00J compared with 0.75J of 3%Vol. Large rGFRP at 5 and 7%Vol offered nearly 60% and 70% 28 day equivalent flexural ratio. Micrographs of rGFRP–matrix interfaces from fracture faces showed rGFRP was well embedded within the matrix, provided bridging and deflecting of microcracks, and failed in pullout or rupture modes. Fly ash and silica fume had a positive synergy with 3%Vol large rGFRP and improved its flexural toughness from 0.75J to 1.12 and 1.00J, respectively. The investigated recycling process and sizes of rGFRP shreds showed great promise in this exploratory study and are recommended for further evaluation for highway and bridge concrete.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/03611981211015246
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Head-Up Display Graphic Warning to Support Collision Avoidance: Effect of Graphic Animation and Border on Driving Behavior and Eye Movement Pattern
    SAGE Publications ; 2023
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2677, No. 5 ( 2023-05), p. 636-652
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2677, No. 5 ( 2023-05), p. 636-652
    Abstract: Several studies have determined the positive effect of head-up display (HUD) graphic warning to support collision avoidance. However, the visual complexity of the graphic warning may overburden the driver. Design principles and empirical evidence suggest that animation and border designs may increase visual saliency and reduce the visual complexity of graphic warnings. This study aimed to examine the effects of animation (within-subject factors: animated/non-animated) and border (within-subject factors: with/without border) on drivers’ attention and driving performance. Thirty drivers (19 females) experienced five warning conditions (the no-warning condition was the baseline condition) in simulated driving conditions. The results showed the positive effects of animation and border designs on the visual detection time (animation: 25.64% reduction; border: 6.73% reduction) and attention allocation strategies (animation: 9.53% less dwell time on the warning; border: 6.62% less dwell time on the warning) when compared with the original HUD warning. We only observed a positive effect of borders on brake reaction time (17.14% reduction). However, the positive effect of the border design on brake reaction time was only observed in the non-animated warning condition, and not in the animated warning condition. A limitation of the study is that the results were generated from young and inexperienced drivers, and they should be generalized to other driver groups only with caution. Overall, we recommend using non-animated warnings with borders in conditions that require fast reactions, and animated warnings with borders in conditions that require a superior attention strategy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/03611981221134628
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403378-9
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