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  • Mobility and traffic research  (2)
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  • Mobility and traffic research  (2)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Fire Risk Assessment for Highway Bridges in South Korea
    SAGE Publications ; 2016
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2551, No. 1 ( 2016-01), p. 137-145
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2551, No. 1 ( 2016-01), p. 137-145
    Abstract: The study presented in this paper developed a sequential and universal bridge fire risk assessment procedure for constructed bridges, as well as countermeasures to reduce the risk level. Of interest were concrete and steel bridges on highways, except for certain special types of bridges. The fire risk assessment procedure consisted of three steps: ( a) preliminary risk analysis (PRA), which was a screening step to determine the likelihood of bridge fire events; ( b) simplified risk analysis (SRA), which was performed with the use of bridge inventory databases and checklists; and ( c) detailed risk analysis (DRA), which made use of computer simulation and collected data. A PRA determines whether a bridge requires an SRA on the basis of bridge clearance height and roadway conditions under the bridge. An SRA has three parts: analysis of fire occurrence, vulnerability to fire, and bridge importance. Itemized details were developed to evaluate the three parts and determine risk scoring. The SRA procedure identified which parts contributed to the resultant risk level. Reliability indexes concurrent with the latest ISO DP 10252 design code were used to determine the score of a given bridge and to perform an analysis to determine the risk level of 8,267 bridges in South Korea. The DRA was the final step, a detailed analysis of occurrence and vulnerability of a bridge mainly on the basis of computer simulation. This study provided guidelines to determine the DRA levels. Countermeasures also were developed for each of three risk levels (i.e., occurrence, vulnerability, and importance); the application of the countermeasures depended on the factors causing the risk.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3141/2551-16
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403378-9
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    Online Resource
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Optimization of Time-of-Day Breakpoints for Better Traffic Signal Control
    SAGE Publications ; 2004
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 1867, No. 1 ( 2004-01), p. 217-223
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 1867, No. 1 ( 2004-01), p. 217-223
    Abstract: Traffic signal control is one of the most cost-effective means of improving urban mobility. Signal control can be categorized as pretimed, actuated, and adaptive. Among these, both pretimed and coordinated actuated controllers deploy multiple signal timing plans to account for traffic demand changes during the day, whereas adaptive control changes the timing plan in real time according to traffic conditions. In the case of pretimed and coordinated actuated signals, morning peak traffic would differ from that of the off-peak such that it would be better to use two distinctive signal timing plans. Traffic engineers often determine such time-of-day (TOD) breakpoints manually by using 1 or 2 days' worth of traffic data. A few recent studies developed statistical and heuristic methods for TOD breakpoints by using archived traffic data. These approaches determined the breakpoints through minimization of within-cluster distance and maximization of between-cluster distances. Thus, the clusters do not directly reflect the performance of timing plans and often result in only local optimal TOD breakpoints. One method is based on a genetic algorithm (GA) that optimizes TOD breakpoints with explicit consideration of signal timing performance at a representative intersection. The proposed method implements two-stage optimizations: outer loop for TOD breakpoints and inner loop for timing plans of corresponding intervals. The proposed approach is implemented on a network consisting of three coordinated actuated signalized intersections. The convergence graphs of both inner-and outer-loop optimization indicate that the GA-based algorithm obtains breakpoints within a relatively small number of iterations. Also studied was the performance of the proposed approach for a varying number of breakpoints (i.e., four to eight). The results, based on a microscopic simulation program, Sim Traffic, indicated that six breakpoints outperformed the other numbers of breakpoints considered.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3141/1867-25
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2004
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403378-9
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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