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  • Mobility and traffic research  (12)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Modeling Pedestrian Delays at Signalized Intersections as a Function of Crossing Directions and Moving Paths
    SAGE Publications ; 2017
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2615, No. 1 ( 2017-01), p. 95-104
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2615, No. 1 ( 2017-01), p. 95-104
    Abstract: Pedestrian delay is a key performance indicator for evaluating the level of service for pedestrians at signalized intersections. Although much is known about the pedestrian delay of a signalized crosswalk, the existing model in the Highway Capacity Manual 2010 cannot provide the necessary accuracy for estimating the pedestrian delay of the diagonal crossing (crossing to the diagonally opposite corner of the intersection in two stages) and the entire intersection. In this paper, a new pedestrian control delay model is proposed: the model considers the diagonal crossing and moving paths. The proposed model is validated on the basis of field measurements. The main factors affecting the pedestrian control delay during diagonal crossing are discussed. Results reveal that the proposed model is promising in increasing the estimation accuracy of the pedestrian control delay of the diagonal crossing and the entire intersection (approximately 20%). The delay of the diagonal crossing increases with an increase in the time gap of the green light between the two adjacent crosswalks and an increase in the green time length of the crosswalk.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3141/2615-11
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403378-9
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Development and Validation of Highway Emergency Lane Illegal Occupancy Scale for Chinese Drivers
    SAGE Publications ; 2017
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2634, No. 1 ( 2017-01), p. 43-49
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2634, No. 1 ( 2017-01), p. 43-49
    Abstract: Illegal behavior such as casually parking or traveling in the highway emergency lane have negative effects on public traffic safety. The Highway Emergency Lane Illegal Occupancy Scale was developed for Chinese drivers, and psychometric properties and influencing factors were assessed. Three hundred drivers submitted questionnaires; after incomplete questionnaires were excluded, 239 complete questionnaires remained for study. Exploratory factor analysis was used to determine the factor structure, which showed that all factors were internally reliable. Demographic variables were found to have significant negative correlations with occupancy behaviors. Additional analysis indicated that drivers between 41 and 55 years old or with more than 10 years of driving experience had significantly fewer total points than drivers in other age groups, indicating that they were less inclined to occupy the highway emergency lane. Drivers with a postgraduate education or higher were especially aware of the traffic rules to be obeyed to ensure safety. A significant positive correlation was found between traffic violation variables and occupancy behaviors. The average score of legal consciousness was highest among all factors, indicating that Chinese drivers lack an understanding of traffic laws and regulations. Insufficient institutions, indifferent management, and poor education compound this illegal occupancy phenomenon in the highway emergency lane.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3141/2634-08
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2017
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Quantifying Environmental Benefits of Ridesplitting based on Observed Data from Ridesourcing Services
    SAGE Publications ; 2021
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2675, No. 8 ( 2021-08), p. 355-368
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2675, No. 8 ( 2021-08), p. 355-368
    Abstract: The increasing emissions from the transportation sector pose substantial hazards to the environment and human health around the world. With the rapid development of information and communication technologies, ridesplitting, a form of ridesourcing service accessed via smartphone applications, enables passengers with similar origins and destinations to be matched to the same driver and share the ride. This is regarded as a promising travel mode that could mitigate air pollution. However, because of a lack of quantitative analysis, the environmental benefits of ridesplitting have not been rigorously justified. As vast amounts of observed data of ridesourcing have become increasingly available, this study quantifies the environmental benefits of ridesplitting based on the global positioning system (GPS) trajectory and trip order datasets of DiDi Chuxing in Chengdu, China. First, the saved distances of ridesplitting are calculated by analyzing the travel distances of both ridesplitting trips and the corresponding trips under non-ridesplitting conditions. Then, the emission factors of CO, NO x , and HC are estimated by a localized MOVES model. Combining the saved distances and emission factors, the emission reductions from each ridesplitting trip can be calculated. The results show that ridesplitting can decrease the travel distance by 22% on average compared with non-ridesplitting. As a consequence, the average emission reductions per ridesplitting trip are 10.601 g of CO, 0.691 g of NO x , and 1.424 g of HC, respectively. This study provides a better understanding of the environmental benefits of ridesplitting and theoretical guidance for the government’s decision-making in green transport planning.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0361198121997827
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evaluation of Operating Schemes on Municipal Rail Transit with Express/Local Mode
    SAGE Publications ; 2021
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2675, No. 12 ( 2021-12), p. 583-597
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2675, No. 12 ( 2021-12), p. 583-597
    Abstract: The express/local train mode has made municipal rail more competitive in connecting the city center with its suburbs. Therefore, how to design operating schemes is of concern to decision makers. Unlike earlier line planning optimization, this paper aims to provide a quick and comprehensive evaluation of operating performance in all feasible options through reasonable reduction of the scope of the operating schemes, rather than optimization for a single objective. To achieve this, the paper constructs a travel topology network structure based on the separation of trains, which regards express and local trains running on the common line as independent competitors. Focusing on the problems of uneven departure intervals and inconsistent dwell times caused by overtaking, a generalized cost model suitable for the express/local train mode is established. To solve the express/local line problems of multi-routes and high-overlapping, the improved Multinominal Logit (MNL) Model is used to construct a passenger flow assignment model, with the solution achieved by the Method of Successive Averages algorithm. Taking a municipal rail line in Guangzhou as a case study, this paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of feasible operation schemes with different characteristics in the express/local train ratio, the location and number of overtaking stations based on passenger flow assignment results and also the impacts of crowdedness on passenger flow dynamics. The results verified the effectiveness of our approach in the comprehensive evaluation of the express/local train mode and shed light on potential practical applications in determining a reasonable operating scheme.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/03611981211030261
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Differences in the Ageing Behavior of Asphalt Pavements with Porous and Stone Mastic Asphalt Mixtures
    SAGE Publications ; 2021
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2675, No. 12 ( 2021-12), p. 1138-1149
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2675, No. 12 ( 2021-12), p. 1138-1149
    Abstract: The degradation of bituminous materials as a result of ageing has a significant effect on asphalt pavement performance. In this study, one porous asphalt (PA) section and one stone mastic asphalt (SMA) asphalt pavement section were designed and constructed in 2014 and exposed to the actual environmental condition. To study the change in the pavement’s mechanical properties, asphalt cores were collected from both test sections annually. The change in stiffness modulus was determined via cyclic indirect tensile tests. To investigate the ageing behavior across the pavement depth, the bitumen was extracted and recovered from 13 mm slices along the depths of the cores. The chemical composition and rheological properties of the field-recovered bitumen, and that of original bitumen aged in standard short- and long-term ageing protocols, were investigated by means of the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometer and Dynamic Shear Rheometer. The results show that the effect of mineral aggregate packing, and therefore of air-void distribution and connectivity, on the ageing sensitivity of the pavements with time was significant, as the changes in the stiffness of the PA mixture were greater than that of SMA mixture. In addition, the results of field-recovered bitumen show that there is an ageing gradient inside the porous asphalt layer, however, the ageing of SMA mainly happens on the surface of the layer. Finally, the field-recovered and laboratory-aged bitumen results demonstrate a weak relation between field and standard laboratory ageing protocols.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/03611981211032218
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Parking Planning With Route Assignment for Planned Special Events
    SAGE Publications ; 2023
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2677, No. 1 ( 2023-01), p. 266-280
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2677, No. 1 ( 2023-01), p. 266-280
    Abstract: During a planned special event (PSE), vehicular and pedestrian movements are concentrated around the PSE venue for short periods, leading to potential conflicts and safety issues. Vehicles tend to park as close as possible to the venue for the convenience of attendees. Taking into account the characteristics of PSE traffic patterns, a strategic vehicle parking planning model is proposed to integrally optimize the assignment of parking lots and inbound/outbound routes around the venue. Two prioritized objectives were considered for traffic safety and for the convenience of attendees. The proposed model was first validated in a small-scale example, and then adopted in a real-world case that took place in Taiyuan, China. The resulting parking plan presented an efficient reduction in the conflict points between vehicular and pedestrian movements, leading to an acceptable average walking distance for attendees. To evaluate the impact of different management preferences on the parking plan, a series of weights for conflict points were set according to potential conflict locations, occurrence times, and types. The results demonstrated that the number of conflict points with higher weights could be effectively reduced by the parking plan.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/03611981221098696
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Linearizing Transformation-Based Evaluation Approach of the Fundamental Diagram
    SAGE Publications ; 2023
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications
    Abstract: The fundamental diagram (FD) describes the functional relationship among macro parameters of traffic flow (e.g., volume, density, and space mean speed). A well-established FD is crucial for traffic operations and management (e.g., traffic estimation and control). However, there is still lacking an efficient method to select a FD and evaluate the fitting performance with empirical data. In this paper, we propose a novel evaluation approach to the FD using a linear transformation method, which can evaluate the fitting performance in the whole density region. It can also provide directions for further optimization of the FD model by performing the same transformation on the empirical dataset and the selected FD. Furthermore, we propose a quantitative indicator, called the weighted coefficient of determination, which can better evaluate the fitting performance of different FDs. The proposed method is tested with freeway field data from loop detectors. The results show that the proposed evaluation method can help select the FD that fits the empirical dataset best. The evaluation results can also be used to analyze the systematic deviation ignored by those FDs that cannot fit the data well to further improve FD models.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/03611981231166385
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Estimation of Energy Use by Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles : Validating Gamma Distribution for Representing Random Daily Driving Distance
    SAGE Publications ; 2012
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2287, No. 1 ( 2012-01), p. 37-43
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2287, No. 1 ( 2012-01), p. 37-43
    Abstract: The fuel and electricity consumptions of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) are sensitive to the variation of daily vehicle miles traveled (DVMT). Although some researchers have assumed that DVMT follows a gamma distribution, such an assumption has yet to be validated. On the basis of continuous travel data from the Global Positioning System for 382 vehicles, each tracked for at least 183 days, the authors of this study validated the gamma assumption in the context of PHEV energy analysis. Small prediction errors caused by the gamma assumption were found in PHEV fuel use, electricity use, and energy cost. Validating the reliability of the gamma distribution paves the way for its application in energy use analysis of PHEVs in the real world. The gamma distribution can be easily specified with few pieces of driver information and is relatively easy for mathematical manipulation. Validation with real world travel data enables confident use of the gamma distribution in a variety of applications, such as the development of vehicle consumer choice models, the quantification of range anxiety for battery electric vehicles, the investigation of the role of charging infrastructure, and the construction of online calculators that provide personal estimates of PHEV energy use.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3141/2287-05
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2012
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Laboratory and Field Aging Effect on Bitumen Chemistry and Rheology in Porous Asphalt Mixture
    SAGE Publications ; 2019
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2673, No. 3 ( 2019-03), p. 365-374
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2673, No. 3 ( 2019-03), p. 365-374
    Abstract: Oxidative aging takes place in bituminous materials during the construction and service life of asphalt pavements and has a significant effect on their performance. In this study, porous asphalt cores were obtained from field test sections each year from 2014 to 2017. The evolution of the properties of the field cores and the recovered bitumen with time was investigated. Cyclic indirect tensile tests were performed to determine changes in the mechanical behavior of porous asphalt due to aging. Additionally, bitumen was extracted and recovered from 13 mm slices along the depth of the cores. The rheological and chemical properties of the recovered bitumen, as well as that of original bitumen aged in standard short- and long-term aging protocols, were investigated by means of dynamic shear rheometer and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The results show that the degree of aging is spatially dependent, resulting in a stiffness gradient within the asphalt layer. Moreover, the results demonstrate a weak relation between field aging and the standard laboratory aging protocols.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0361198119833362
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles using Vehicle Usage Data Collected in Shanghai, China
    SAGE Publications ; 2019
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2673, No. 4 ( 2019-04), p. 251-261
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2673, No. 4 ( 2019-04), p. 251-261
    Abstract: This paper investigates the economic viability of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) in Shanghai, China based on a real-world in-use PHEV dataset. To quantify PHEV drivers’ gross profit compared with internal combustion engine vehicle (ICEV) owners, a total cost of ownership (TCO) model is adopted taking account of vehicle retail price, tax credits, subsidies, insurance, maintenance, energy prices, and resale value. The impact of the determinants for gross profit are examined in relation to vehicle distance traveled (VDT) electrically, gasoline price, electricity price, and car-buying cost. It is found that: (1) only 10% of the deployment of PHEVs (i.e., BYD Qin) is economically viable if the benefit from a free license plate is exempt; (2) the 100-kilometer gross profit of PHEVs increases linearly with the electric driving distance, while the saving of energy cost per kilometer decreases with the total VDT; (3) PHEVs’ profit could be significantly improved by reducing the car-buying cost—a decrease of 10% in car-buying cost makes 80% of the PHEV deployment feasible; and (4) if switching the daytime charges to off-peak hours, 50% of the PHEV deployment will become feasible.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0361198119837960
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2019
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