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  • Mobility and traffic research  (170)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Research on Differential Pricing and Train Operation Decisions for Railway Cargo Transportation Under Competitive Conditions
    SAGE Publications ; 2023
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2677, No. 1 ( 2023-01), p. 860-874
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2677, No. 1 ( 2023-01), p. 860-874
    Abstract: Railway freight operations aim not only to market themselves aggressively to capture the market in a competitive environment but also to achieve refined management. The operational decisions chosen by carriers can have a significant impact on the revenue across freight services. Nowadays, various forms of transported products, train make-up, and schedules are developed from the perspective of production convenience, with less consideration of shippers’ needs for the time utility, frequency, and tariffs of transportation services. This paper investigates a joint optimization approach to railroad operation planning that combines meeting the transport demand preferences of different shippers in a competitive environment. Considering the heterogeneity of shippers’ transportation demands and the competitive environment with freight trucking, a new bi-level programming model is proposed that incorporates pricing decisions and operational planning policies, such as car blocking, train routing, and make-up. An exact solution for this model is developed by adding valid inequalities to the mixed-integer formula and the experiment is conducted with data from bulk coal cargo transportation of the S Railway Bureau Group Corp. A simple transportation network is presented, and the calculation results of the pricing decisions that maximize the profit in each operation decision in this network are reported.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/03611981221102147
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of Personal Proenvironmental Attitudes on Mode Choice Behavior : New Ecofriendly Water Transit System in Seoul, South Korea
    SAGE Publications ; 2012
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2274, No. 1 ( 2012-01), p. 175-183
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2274, No. 1 ( 2012-01), p. 175-183
    Abstract: Ecofriendly transportation systems have attracted a great deal of attention in many cities. Seoul, South Korea, plans to construct a new 30-km water transit system on the Han River, which flows through the city center. Although the new system is appealing to policy makers, uncertainty for various stakeholders should be minimized in order to complete the system successfully. The objectives of this study were to understand the types of uncertainty, to identify primary factors related to uncertainty, and to provide valuable information with regard to stakeholder uncertainty to decision makers. This study focused specifically on mode choice behavior, which is a crucial component in travel demand analyses performed when a new transportation mode is introduced. The effects of proenvironmental attitudes on mode choice behavior were analyzed with stated preference survey data for a new water transit system in Seoul. A model was developed that integrates latent variables into the discrete choice model by using a full-information estimation method to ensure the inclusion of consistent and unbiased parameters. The results showed that proenvironmental attitudes directly and significantly influenced mode choice behavior. Furthermore, proenvironmental attitudes were found to positively affect other latent attitudes, such as preference for an ecofriendly transportation mode. The findings of this study will serve as a valuable source of information that can be used by policy makers and transportation planners to plan and establish sustainable transportation systems.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3141/2274-19
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2012
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Weekend Activity and Travel Behavior in a Developing Country: Empirical Study Using Multilevel Structural Equation Models
    SAGE Publications ; 2004
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 1894, No. 1 ( 2004-01), p. 99-108
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 1894, No. 1 ( 2004-01), p. 99-108
    Abstract: According to the government of the Republic of Korea, by 2010 workers throughout the country will have a 5-day workweek instead of the current 6-day one. The change will have a great impact on the lifestyles of the employed and their families and also on the transportation system, since travel patterns, traffic demand, and the patterns of congestion will change during the weekends. Before the policy becomes effective, negative impacts on the transportation system should be examined to conceive measures that will maintain a dependable level of service during the weekends. So far, however, little attention has been directed to the understanding of how policies affect travel behavior in Korea. In this study, activity participation and travel behavior are compared between two population groups, those currently working 5 days a week and those working 6 days a week. Understanding the difference is an essential component of the development of this policy in Korea, especially since the 5-day workweek will be instituted in the near future. The data set used in this study is the Seoul Metropolitan Area Transportation Survey, which was conducted in June 2002. Multilevel structural equation models (SEMs) are developed, which combine features of SEMs and multilevel analysis. The SEM makes possible the estimation of complex relationships among exogenous and endogenous variables, and multilevel analysis can interpret interdependency among hierarchical structural levels such as those within and between household levels simultaneously. With this approach, significant relationships were found among sociodemographics, activity participation, and travel behavior within households as well as between household models, captured simultaneously by the multilevel SEMs employed in this research.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3141/1894-11
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2004
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Trip Destination Prediction Based on Hidden Markov Model for Multi-Day Global Positioning System Travel Surveys
    SAGE Publications ; 2023
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2677, No. 2 ( 2023-02), p. 577-587
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2677, No. 2 ( 2023-02), p. 577-587
    Abstract: Different individuals may move to different regions over time, but every individual has several fixed travel positions or unique travel patterns. Predicting destinations of each individual facilitates traffic demand management, which has great research value. Based on the data of multi-day GPS and passengers’ travel survey, a hidden Markov model (HMM) is employed in this paper to predict trip destination for weekdays and weekends. Firstly, the habit of destination choice among consecutive days and weeks can be discovered by identifying frequently visited destinations. Then, on the basis of Viterbi algorithm, this paper takes frequently visited destinations as one of the factors of the predicting process and constructs a travel destination prediction model based on HMM. Then, the HMM is calibrated with Baum-Welch algorithm and passengers’ travel destination characteristics are effectively analyzed. Finally, the HMM was compared with several classical algorithms. The results show that the place of residence and work are the most probable activities to occur and workplace dominates the activities when duration is longer than 8 h. Moreover, the results of frequently visited destinations identification indicate that the patterns of destination choice on weekdays and weekends are different from each other. In addition, the results show that the prediction accuracy on weekdays is higher than that on weekends and HMM outperforms other prevailing algorithms. The method proposed in this paper can be applied to real-time travel navigation applications, as well as supporting health and safety fields, such as epidemic prevention and control.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/03611981221107919
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Probabilistic Prediction of Collisions between Cyclists and Vehicles Based on Uncertainty of Cyclists’ Movements
    SAGE Publications ; 2023
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2677, No. 3 ( 2023-03), p. 1151-1164
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2677, No. 3 ( 2023-03), p. 1151-1164
    Abstract: The uncertainty of cyclists’ movements has a significant impact on predicting the risk of collisions between cyclists and vehicles. The purpose of this study was to provide a method for assessing collision risk using probability, taking into account the uncertainty of cyclists’ movements. A cyclist model was first developed using a first-order Markov model. Then, based on Monte Carlo sampling, the distribution characteristics of the minimum distance and the time-to-collision (TTC) between the vehicle and the cyclist were extracted. By fitting these features, the probability density functions of the collision distance and TTC were estimated to derive the collision probabilities. The effectiveness of the collision probability prediction model was benchmarked against a deterministic crash risk prediction model (autonomous emergency braking [AEB] system) applied to three real-world cases previously reconstructed in an in-depth crash database. The results show that the collision probability prediction model can effectively predict the risk of collisions between cyclists and vehicles with better accuracy than AEB systems using a fixed trigger threshold. This study is a valuable reference for the development of advanced vehicle collision avoidance systems to protect cyclists and other vulnerable road users.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/03611981221121270
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    In-Roadway “Yield to Pedestrians” Signs : Placement Distance and Motorist Yielding
    SAGE Publications ; 2007
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2002, No. 1 ( 2007-01), p. 84-89
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2002, No. 1 ( 2007-01), p. 84-89
    Abstract: Motorists often fail to yield to pedestrians in marked crosswalks at uncontrolled locations. Several studies, including a recent NCHRP and TCRP study, have demonstrated that the use of in-roadway signs can significantly increase the percentage of motorists yielding to pedestrians at uncontrolled marked crosswalks. The 2003 edition of the Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices includes two in-roadway signs that may be installed at uncontrolled locations but does not give precise directions on where to place the sign in relation to the crosswalk. The purpose of the present FHWA study was to compare the effect of placing these signs at the crosswalk, 20 ft in advance of the crosswalk, 40 ft in advance of the crosswalk, and at all three locations on driver yielding behavior. A counterbalanced multielement design was used in this experiment. This design involves the installation of the sign at several different locations in advance of the crosswalk to determine if there is an optimum location for sign placement. After the collection of baseline data at all three crosswalks on Collins Avenue in Miami Beach, Florida, the research team placed the sign at each of the three distances in advance of the crosswalk at each crosswalk location as well as at all three locations together in randomized blocks of trials to control for order effects. The data showed that the sign produced a marked increase in yielding behavior at all three crosswalks and that installation of the sign at the crosswalk line was as effective as or more effective than installation of the sign 20 or 40 ft in advance of the crosswalk. The data also indicated that placement of the sign at all three locations at once was no more effective than placement of the sign at the crosswalk line. These data suggest that the in-road-way sign is likely effective because the in-roadway placement is particularly salient to drivers. Because drivers frequently struck the signs on Collins Avenue, it is recommended that these signs be placed on median islands whenever possible to extend their useful lives.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3141/2002-11
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2007
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Analysis of Effects of Activities While Traveling on Travelers' Sentiment
    SAGE Publications ; 2013
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2383, No. 1 ( 2013-01), p. 27-34
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2383, No. 1 ( 2013-01), p. 27-34
    Abstract: Travel involves various onboard activities. The emergence of information and communication technologies (ICT) has added new dimensions to the activities. This study analyzed the effects of various onboard activities, including the use of ICT devices, on trip makers' feelings during trips. This study employed the daily reconstruction method to examine whether the feelings that trip makers had were positive or negative. In addition, the seemingly unrelated probit regression and univariate probit models were used to analyze the association between onboard feelings and types of onboard activities by travel mode. This study found that onboard activities using ICT devices were valued by trip makers and tended to have positive effects on their feelings during trips. However, it was also found that the effects were not homogenous. Emerging ICT-related onboard activities can be instrumental in improving people's travel experience and in encouraging automobile users to become transit riders.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3141/2383-04
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2013
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  • 8
    Online Resource
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    Reinterpretation of the Likert Scale for Public Transportation User Satisfaction: Pattern Recognition Approach
    SAGE Publications ; 2016
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2541, No. 1 ( 2016-01), p. 90-99
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2541, No. 1 ( 2016-01), p. 90-99
    Abstract: Myriad cities around the world conduct public transportation satisfaction investigations, and most of them use a linguistic Likert scale (i.e., it runs from strongly dissatisfied to strongly satisfied). Most such studies neglect two critical issues: users’ complex cognitive systems and the fundamental problem of applying the Likert scale. Thus the present study considered those issues and analyzed public transportation user satisfaction intervals of heterogeneous groups with different cognitive systems. The study used a Gaussian mixture model and a pattern recognition approach, with satisfaction data from public transportation users in South Korea. The results indicated that users expressed considerably different satisfaction intervals for the same linguistic Likert items: five intervals instead of the 7-point Likert scale in the survey. In addition, each Likert item was clustered into two distinguishable satisfaction intervals, and those heterogeneous groups were classified not randomly but systematically by sociodemographic attributes and characteristics of public transportation use. On the basis of the results, significant implications were found about public transportation satisfaction surveys and their analysis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3141/2541-11
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2016
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Load Scheduling of Multiple Yard Crane Systems in Container Terminal with Buffer Areas
    SAGE Publications ; 2009
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2097, No. 1 ( 2009-01), p. 70-77
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2097, No. 1 ( 2009-01), p. 70-77
    Abstract: This paper addresses the load scheduling problem of multiple yard crane systems in container terminals with buffer areas. In the problem several yard cranes are used to pick up a sequence of containers for a quay crane. The containers picked up ahead of schedule can be stored in buffer areas until they can be handled by the quay crane. An integer programming model is developed for the problem formulation. In the model the work schedules of different yard cranes are decided simultaneously to minimize the loading time. The yard crane scheduling problem is NP-complete by nature. Therefore a scheduling heuristic is designed to solve the proposed problem. Numerical experiments are conducted to compare the performance of the multiple yard crane systems in container terminals with and without buffer areas.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3141/2097-09
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2009
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  • 10
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    Strengthening Hollow Core Concrete Bridges with Deficient Transverse Hinge Joints with a Steel and Concrete Composite Anchorage System
    SAGE Publications ; 2020
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2674, No. 2 ( 2020-02), p. 68-78
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2674, No. 2 ( 2020-02), p. 68-78
    Abstract: Hollow core concrete bridges have been widely constructed in China during the last two decades. The most simple span bridges, with standard lengths of 13 m, 16 m and 20 m, are hollow core concrete bridges. For this type of bridge, the hollow core slabs are precast and simply lifted into place. After the prefabricated hollow core slabs are put in place, the embedded rebars extending from the prefabricated slabs are bound together and the concrete is poured into the space between the slabs, forming a lateral hinge joints between the slabs. A lot of hollow core concrete bridges built early in the 1990s have small hinge joints and very few rebars embedded to form strong lateral connections between the slabs. With an increase of overweight vehicles and the continuous aging of the structures, structural deficiencies such as intensive cracks running through the mid-span and severe deflection progress rapidly resulting in loss of structural capacity and even collapse. The failure of hollow core concrete bridges usually initiates from the failure of the hinge joints, which are the weakest links of the system. When the hinge joints start to lose their ability to hold the adjacent slabs securely, more and more vehicle loads are shifted onto the slabs with deficient hinge joints, which worsens the condition of the slabs and eventually results in systematic failure. To save the hollow core concrete bridges from failure, the authors propose an effective strengthening method to stop the progress of the deficiencies and improve the capacity of the structure.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0361198120901678
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2020
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