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  • Mobility and traffic research  (8)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Monitoring Displays Coupled with Speed Cameras : Effectiveness on Speed Reduction
    SAGE Publications ; 2007
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2009, No. 1 ( 2007-01), p. 30-36
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2009, No. 1 ( 2007-01), p. 30-36
    Abstract: Speeding is a common behavior of drivers all over the world. Traditional speed-controlling measures fail to reduce speeding effectively. With advances in technology, new devices have been developed for such a purpose, including a speed-monitoring display (SMD) that detects the speed of vehicles and displays it on an electronic board, informing drivers of their current speed. It has been hypothesized that SMDs coupled with speed cameras to catch violators may deter drivers from speeding. This study examined the effectiveness of SMDs with enforcement cameras on speed reduction. Speed data of free-flowing vehicles were collected before and after the SMD and enforcement cameras were installed. Speed data were also collected with the SMD turned off and then on again. The results showed that mean speeds of vehicles were significantly reduced after SMD and camera installation. Even with the SMD turned off, the speed reduction was not significantly affected, but the proportion of speeding vehicles became higher. It was found that the presence of SMDs could alert drivers of enforcement cameras downstream, making speeders adjust their speed to comply with the limit.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3141/2009-05
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403378-9
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Using Trajectory Data to Analyze Intradriver Heterogeneity in Car-Following
    SAGE Publications ; 2010
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2188, No. 1 ( 2010-01), p. 85-95
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2188, No. 1 ( 2010-01), p. 85-95
    Abstract: This paper presents a methodology for using vehicle trajectory data to study the intradriver heterogeneity of driving behavior between the acceleration process and the deceleration process. Trajectory data were collected during peak hours on Dutch Motorway A2. Criteria were proposed for the selection of subtrajectories corresponding to both the acceleration and the deceleration processes of car-following. With the application of these subtrajectories to calibrate three types of models (the Helly model, the Gipps model, and the intelligent driver model), it was found that obvious intradriver heterogeneities existed in driving behaviors between the acceleration and deceleration processes of car-following: (a) the average response time of drivers in the acceleration process was longer than that in the deceleration process according to the prediction of the Helly and intelligent driver models; (b) drivers were apt to respond more intensively to surrounding traffic in the deceleration process than they did in the acceleration process; and (c) more than 65% of drivers involved in this study drove in obviously different styles between the acceleration and deceleration processes. Moreover, a compensation for the response delay from model parameters was observed, and all three models presented low robustness in predicting driving behaviors of one car-following process with the parameters optimized from the data of other car-following processes. This work not only provides insight into intradriver heterogeneity in car-following behaviors but also suggests some important criteria for car-following modeling.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3141/2188-10
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2010
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Scheduling of Feeder Vehicles for Intermodal Services for Special Events
    SAGE Publications ; 2011
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2216, No. 1 ( 2011-01), p. 165-173
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2216, No. 1 ( 2011-01), p. 165-173
    Abstract: During special events, shuttle services provided by a feeder bus system can be very useful for providing passengers access to the mass rapid transit system, especially passengers in suburban areas where regular transit service is not usually available. During Expo 2010 Shanghai in China, such shuttle services connected the major terminals and the expected locations of passenger generation. Because of constrained vehicle resources and the staggered characteristics of peak hours, the free time spans of regular vehicles were used to complete the fixed feeder timetables. An integer-linear programming model was developed to obtain the optimal schedules of the feeder vehicles, and an associated coordination mechanism was proposed to adjust the model-developed schedules to obtain feasible solutions. This model was applied to the feeder system in Jiading district during Expo 2010 Shanghai. The results showed that the temporary feeder system could serve Expo passengers with a relatively high level of service without causing evident degradation in the regular bus service.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3141/2216-18
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2011
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    High-Speed Rail Project Development Processes in the United States and China
    SAGE Publications ; 2010
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2159, No. 1 ( 2010-01), p. 9-17
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2159, No. 1 ( 2010-01), p. 9-17
    Abstract: Amid increasing global economic competition, both the United States and China are investing in high-speed rail (HSR) as a national strategy to enhance their competitiveness. China is rapidly advancing by laying down HSR tracks, while the United States is deliberating the environmental, social, and economic implications of HSR development before embarking on actual construction. With the California High-Speed Rail Project and the Beijing–Shanghai Express Railway Project as case studies, this paper juxtaposes the HSR development processes concerning investment decisions, planning, and implementation in the United States and China and draws lessons informative to strategic infrastructure investments in both countries.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3141/2159-02
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2010
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Influence of Pedestrian Traffic on Capacity of Right-Turning Movements at Signalized Intersections
    SAGE Publications ; 2008
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2073, No. 1 ( 2008-01), p. 114-124
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2073, No. 1 ( 2008-01), p. 114-124
    Abstract: Pedestrians have a significant influence on vehicle capacities of turning movements at signalized intersections. The increasing emphasis on pedestrian traffic has highlighted deficiencies in the relevant research in China. It is imperative to quantify accurately the effect of pedestrians on vehicle capacity to provide a basis for traffic operations and facility designs in mixed traffic conditions. This study proposes an analytical model for the capacity of right-turning movements influenced by pedestrians at signalized intersections. The model takes into account pedestrian behavior, pedestrian–vehicle conflict mechanisms, and pedestrian arrivals in platoons. The conflict-zone capacity is modeled on the basis of the conflict mechanism. The model was calibrated and used as the basis to calculate right-turn vehicle capacities. The capacities yielded by the proposed model depend strongly on the average conflict times. The results show that pedestrians have a strong impact on the right-turn capacities at low pedestrian volumes and that the effects of additional pedestrians decrease as the pedestrian volumes increase. VISSIM was employed to simulate the interactions between right turns and pedestrians to validate the model. A numerical example is presented to compare the proposed model with the simulations and several existing analytical models. At low pedestrian volumes, the predictions of the other methods are approximately equal; at high pedestrian volumes, the models assuming pedestrian priority yield lower capacities than those assuming no priority.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3141/2073-13
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2008
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Emissions Analysis for a Transit Corridor Under Different Improvement Strategies
    SAGE Publications ; 2016
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2570, No. 1 ( 2016-01), p. 69-76
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2570, No. 1 ( 2016-01), p. 69-76
    Abstract: This paper attempts to quantify the emission reduction from different improvement strategies in a transit corridor. Two strategies—the use of transit signal priority (TSP) and the enhancement of bus lane utilization—were considered. Chaoyang Road, a 17-km arterial road in Beijing, China, was chosen as the study corridor. A microsimulation model was developed in Vissim. GPS-instrumented vehicle data from 30 passenger cars and 15 buses were used to calibrate the model. Passive and active TSP strategies and different schemes of bus lane utilization, corresponding to five scenarios, were designed. The microsimulation model was used with vehicle-specific power calculations to estimate emissions for various scenarios. The results showed that the corridor benefited from TSP, with the reduction of nitrogen oxides (NO x ) and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions. Moreover, the enhancement of bus lane utilization has positive or negative effects on emissions in the corridor depending on whether the utilization rate reaches a suitable value. The scheme of bus lane utilization in which three regular routes were permitted to use the bus lane outperformed the other three schemes. In this scheme, all emissions were reduced over a base case [carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) reductions of 4%]. Increased bus service on the bus lane that was not optimized still reduced NO x and HC emissions relative to the base case but increased CO 2 emissions by as much as 2%. The findings can be used to develop operational strategies that focus on both environment benefits and delay reductions for a transit corridor.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3141/2570-08
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2016
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Simulation-Based Method of Capacity Utilization Evaluation to Account for Uncertainty in Recovery Time
    SAGE Publications ; 2018
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2672, No. 10 ( 2018-12), p. 202-214
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2672, No. 10 ( 2018-12), p. 202-214
    Abstract: A typical objective of a railway agency is to design an efficient and reliable service plan. Although enhancing the level of capacity utilization may increase efficiency, the stability of the service plan may also decrease due to stochastic railway disruptions. Past studies used recovery time to evaluate the stability of a service plan; however, the variation of recovery time was not fully examined. Therefore, we developed a Monte Carlo simulation framework to address this issue and proposed four capacity-based indices for the evaluation of service efficiency and stability. These indices are capacity utilization efficiency, mean recovery time, dispersion of recovery time, and probability of unacceptable recovery time. The latter two new indices explored the variation of recovery time and probability of unacceptable long recovery time, which is undesired for railway operation. We conducted a real-world case study on the Taiwan Railways Administration before and after the service plan revision. Consequently, the northbound service plan needed a deliberate review and revision before implementation, whereas the southbound plan successfully increased capacity usage while not necessarily worsening stability. This result demonstrated that our study introduced uncertainty analysis into the evaluation framework and provided flexible information on the service plan. These developments can provide improved support in the decision-making of railway agencies to strike a balance between service level and asset usage.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0361198118790325
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2018
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Study of Load Transfer Parameter in AASHTO Design Guide for Concrete Pavement
    SAGE Publications ; 1998
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 1629, No. 1 ( 1998-01), p. 1-5
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 1629, No. 1 ( 1998-01), p. 1-5
    Abstract: Some of the design parameters in AASHTO’s Guide for Design of Pavement Structures require experienced engineering judgment to obtain adequate designs. The load transfer parameter for concrete pavements in the AASHTO Guide is reviewed. A set of equations was developed to assist in choosing a J-factor for various pavement conditions. With three-dimensional finite element analysis, factorial runs were conducted to find the relationships between the critical stresses and joint design parameters—that is, joint width, diameter, length, and spacing of dowel bars. Extended procedures that incorporate dowel parameters into the J-factor were proposed. Conclusions were made to clarify the load transfer concept in the current AASHTO Guide and the effects of joint parameters on pavement performance.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3141/1629-01
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 1998
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