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  • SAGE Publications  (6)
  • Mobility and traffic research  (6)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Robust Tolling Schemes for High-Occupancy Toll Facilities under Variable Demand
    SAGE Publications ; 2014
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2450, No. 1 ( 2014-01), p. 152-162
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2450, No. 1 ( 2014-01), p. 152-162
    Abstract: High-occupancy toll (HOT) lanes have become an increasingly prevalent form of congestion management pricing in the United States in the past few decades. The success of a HOT facility depends on the pricing scheme, which determines the utilization of the HOT lane, and the corresponding congestion relief on the parallel general purpose lanes. An additional complexity in determining HOT rates arises from the inevitable variability in travel demand inherent to transport networks. A successful tolling scheme must therefore be robust to changes in travel demand. Various tolling schemes for HOT facilities are examined in efforts to identify robust pricing policies. The expected performance and the corresponding variability of the facility are evaluated under each pricing scheme for different demand profiles. The focus is on noncorrelated demand uncertainties (i.e., number of arrivals during given time interval is independent of number of arrivals in preceding and following time intervals), which are modeled by considering the number of arrivals in each minute as an independent random variable with known distribution and time-of-day dependent mean. The performance model for a given demand realization is deterministic. Results show that a fixed toll can achieve about two-thirds of the benefit of an ideal HOT system. The performance of a prescheduled toll system is between the fixed toll and the ideal system: closer to the ideal when the coefficient of variation is below 40% and closer to the fixed toll otherwise. The performance of a relatively simple real-time system, with density-based linear adjustment to the prescheduled toll, is practically equivalent to that of the ideal system.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3141/2450-19
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403378-9
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evaluation of a Strategic Road Pricing Scheme Accounting for Day-to-Day and Long-Term Demand Uncertainty
    SAGE Publications ; 2014
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2467, No. 1 ( 2014-01), p. 12-20
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2467, No. 1 ( 2014-01), p. 12-20
    Abstract: Transport network pricing schemes are an integral traffic management strategy that can be implemented to reduce congestion, among other network impacts. However, the problem of determining tolls becomes much more complex when multiple sources of demand uncertainty are considered. This paper proposes a novel tolling model based on a particular variant of strategic user equilibrium in which users base their route choice decisions on a known demand distribution. The study showed that by using an average daily demand, a marginal social cost–based tolling approach could induce near optimal conditions in a strategic network. However, uncertainty was associated with the long-term future planning demand; inaccurate forecasts of future demand could result in poor realized tolling scheme performance. Therefore, this paper also proposes a method to test the robustness of a tolling scheme, which is the reliability of the link tolls under a range of future demand scenario realizations. Results demonstrated that evaluations of strategic tolling schemes differed when both the short-term and the long-term uncertainty in demand were accounted for, and furthermore suggested that future research into the integration of multiple sources of uncertainty into the pricing scheme evaluation is merited.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3141/2467-02
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2014
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Risk of Dengue Spread from the Philippines through International Air Travel
    SAGE Publications ; 2015
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2501, No. 1 ( 2015-01), p. 25-30
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2501, No. 1 ( 2015-01), p. 25-30
    Abstract: Epidemics of dengue fever occur every 3 to 4 years in the Philippines. The risk of a dengue fever outbreak in the Philippines has been heightened since Typhoon Haiyan struck the region in November 2013 because recovery efforts have been slow to progress. The structural damage caused by the typhoon resulted in an abundance of standing water, which can serve as mosquito breeding grounds. Should an outbreak of dengue occur, infected travelers departing the Philippines pose a risk because they may introduce the dengue virus into local vector populations (of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus) at their destinations. This study quantifies the risk posed by potentially infected travelers departing the Philippines by using a network model that incorporates predictive species distribution models, demographic features of destination areas, and air traffic volumes. The analysis reveals that a majority of travelers departing Philippine airports deplane in regions suitable for harboring Aedes aegypti or Aedes albopictus; this factor increases the likelihood of further spread of the disease if an outbreak were to occur. Because it is impractical to implement all possible monitoring and control measures at all locations connected to the Philippines, this analysis ranks the set of candidates and thus allows surveillance resources to be optimally deployed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3141/2501-04
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2015
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Inferring Infection-Spreading Links in an Air Traffic Network
    SAGE Publications ; 2012
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2300, No. 1 ( 2012-01), p. 13-21
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2300, No. 1 ( 2012-01), p. 13-21
    Abstract: The objective of this paper is to present a network-based optimization method for identifying links in an air traffic network responsible for carrying infected passengers into previously unexposed regions. The required data include individual infection reports (i.e., when the disease was first reported in a region), travel pattern data, and other geographic properties. The network structure is defined by nodes and links, which represent regions (cities, states, countries) and travel routes, respectively. The proposed methodology is novel in its attempt to replicate an outbreak pattern atop a transportation network by exploiting regional infection data. The problem parallels a related problem in phylodynamics, which uses genetic sequencing data to reconstruct the most likely spatiotemporal path of infection.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3141/2300-02
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2012
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Integrated Land Use–Transport Model System with Dynamic Time-Dependent Activity–Travel Microsimulation
    SAGE Publications ; 2012
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2303, No. 1 ( 2012-01), p. 19-27
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2303, No. 1 ( 2012-01), p. 19-27
    Abstract: The development of integrated land use–transport model systems has long been of interest because of the complex interrelationships between land use, transport demand, and network supply. This paper describes the design and prototype implementation of an integrated model system that involves the microsimulation of location choices in the land use domain, activity–travel choices in the travel demand domain, and individual vehicles on networks in the network supply modeling domain. Although many previous applications of integrated transport demand–supply models have relied on a sequential coupling of the models, the system presented in this paper involves a dynamic integration of the activity–travel demand model and the dynamic traffic assignment and simulation model with appropriate feedback to the land use model system. The system has been fully implemented, and initial results of model system runs in a case study test application suggest that the proposed model design provides a robust behavioral framework for simulation of human activity–travel behavior in space, time, and networks. The paper provides a detailed description of the design, together with results from initial test runs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3141/2303-03
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2012
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Robust Pricing of Transportation Networks under Uncertain Demand
    SAGE Publications ; 2008
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2085, No. 1 ( 2008-01), p. 21-30
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2085, No. 1 ( 2008-01), p. 21-30
    Abstract: Traditionally, tolls on transportation networks are determined on the basis of a single value of travel demand, deterministic elastic demand relationships, or informal scenario analysis. However, since the demand on the network cannot be forecast perfectly, pricing may prove to be suboptimal when the realized value of demand deviates significantly from the planned value. Therefore, there is a need for a robust pricing scheme that accounts for demand uncertainty. Optimal pricing is examined through marginal costs in which origin-destination travel demand is a random variable to understand better the direct impact and sensitivity of the uncertainty. Three methods are evaluated for determining robust prices: inflation or deflation of the planning demand, averaging tolls from various planning demands, and genetic algorithms. The performance of these three methods is evaluated by analyzing user equilibrium for various future travel demand scenarios. From the results of the analysis, a more robust pricing scheme that accounts for variations in demand is developed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3141/2085-03
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2008
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