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  • 2020-2024  (10)
  • Mobility and traffic research  (10)
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  • 2020-2024  (10)
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  • Mobility and traffic research  (10)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Fuzzy Programming Approach for the Electric Multiple Unit Circulation Planning Problem Using Simulated Annealing
    SAGE Publications ; 2022
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2676, No. 7 ( 2022-07), p. 456-467
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2676, No. 7 ( 2022-07), p. 456-467
    Abstract: Circulation planning for electric multiple units (EMUs) is regarded as one of the key operation issues for a high-speed railway transportation system. The EMU circulation plan consists of determining the connections of trains while accomplishing the passengers’ demands. EMUs need regular maintenance at a certain interval of kilometers or minutes for safety reasons. Consequently, the circulation plan must ensure that EMU trains can reach the maintenance depots in time for their required maintenance. This paper proposes a 0-1 integer programming model for the EMU circulation plan with the aim of minimizing the total costs of the mileage losses of the EMUs, which is incurred when they undergo a maintenance check before the corresponding travel mileage reaches the limit of the cycle. Given that the accumulated travel mileage of EMUs is allowed to be 10% above the standard mileage cycle in practice, an ingenious fuzzy maintenance constraint is presented to tackle the mileage cycle constraint with a certain elasticity. The exterior penalty function is employed to deal with the fuzzy constraint and a simulated annealing (SA) heuristic is employed to solve the model. The modeling and solving approach are applied to a practical instance in the context of China’s high-speed railway system. Compared with the average travel mileage of EMU trains using the manual solution, with the SA solution an increase of 293 km was observed. It can be then concluded that the optimization method presented in this paper can effectively improve the quality of the EMU circulation plan.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/03611981221078848
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Deep Learning-Based Lane Marking Detection using A 2 -LMDet
    SAGE Publications ; 2020
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2674, No. 11 ( 2020-11), p. 625-635
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2674, No. 11 ( 2020-11), p. 625-635
    Abstract: Automated lane marking detection is essential for advanced driver assistance system (ADAS) and pavement management work. However, prior research has mostly detected lane marking segments from a front-view image, which easily suffers from occlusion or noise disturbance. In this paper, we aim at accurate and robust lane marking detection from a top-view perspective, and propose a deep learning-based detector with adaptive anchor scheme, referred to as A 2 -LMDet. On the one hand, it is an end-to-end framework that fuses feature extraction and object detection into a single deep convolutional neural network. On the other hand, the adaptive anchor scheme is designed by formulating a bilinear interpolation algorithm, and is used to guide specific-anchor box generation and informative feature extraction. To validate the proposed method, a newly built lane marking dataset contained 24,000 high-resolution laser imaging data is further developed for case study. Quantitative and qualitative results demonstrate that A 2 -LMDet achieves highly accurate performance with 0.9927 precision, 0.9612 recall, and a 0.9767 [Formula: see text] score, which outperforms other advanced methods by a considerable margin. Moreover, ablation analysis illustrates the effectiveness of the adaptive anchor scheme for enhancing feature representation and performance improvement. We expect our work will help the development of related research.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0361198120948508
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Aberrant Driving Behavior Prediction for Urban Bus Drivers in Taiwan Using Heart Rate Variability and Various Machine Learning Approaches: A Pilot Study
    SAGE Publications ; 2023
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2677, No. 3 ( 2023-03), p. 1304-1320
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2677, No. 3 ( 2023-03), p. 1304-1320
    Abstract: Objective: Aberrant driving behavior (ADB) decreases road safety and is particularly relevant for urban bus drivers, who are required to drive daily shifts of considerable duration. Although numerous frameworks based on human physiological features have been applied to predict ADB, the research remains at an early stage. This study used heart rate variability (HRV) parameters to establish ADB occurrence prediction models with various machine learning approaches. Methods: Twelve Taiwanese urban bus drivers were recruited for four consecutive days of naturalistic driving data collection (from their routine routes) between March and April 2020; driving behaviors and physiological signals were obtained from provided devices. Weather and traffic congestion information was determined from public data, while sleep quality and professional driving experience were self-reported. To develop the ADB prediction model, several machine learning models—logistic regression, random forest, naive Bayes, support vector machine, and gated recurrent unit (GRU)—were trained and 10-fold cross-validated by using the testing data. Results: Most drivers with ADB reported deficient sleep quality (≤80%), with significantly higher mean scores on the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale and driver behavior questionnaire subcategory of lapses and errors than drivers without ADB. Next, HRV indices significantly differed between the measurement of a pre-ADB event and a baseline. The accuracy of the GRU models ranged from 78.84% ± 1.49% to 89.57% ± 1.31%. Conclusion: Drivers with ADB tend to have inadequate sleep quality, which may increase their fatigue levels and impair driving performance. The established time-series models can be considered for ADB occurrence prediction among urban bus drivers.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/03611981221123802
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Laboratory Study on Entire Range Suction Measurement and Microstructure Change of Granite Residual Soil
    SAGE Publications ; 2023
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2677, No. 10 ( 2023-10), p. 191-203
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2677, No. 10 ( 2023-10), p. 191-203
    Abstract: The shear strength of unsaturated granite residual soil (GRS) will decline rapidly when moisture content increases, because of loss of matric suction in the soil. This can lead to slope instability and embankment collapse during rainfall. Determining the matric suction of GRS accurately at different conditions can improve the accuracy of stability analysis. Generally, matric suction can be characterized as the soil–water characteristic curve (SWCC), and it is closely related to soil microstructure. In this study, the entire range of matric suction was measured using a combination of pressure plate method, filter paper method, and vapor equilibrium method. Microstructure change was investigated based on mercury intrusion porosimeter tests, in which the pore size distribution (PSD) curves of GRS samples with different initial densities and moisture content were measured. The PSDs of samples before and after wetting were also measured and compared to investigate the influence of water intrusion. Test results indicate that the combination of measurement methods can cover the entire matric suction range. The microstructure of GRS with different initial conditions presents a clear bimodal PSD. At the same density, the increase in initial moisture content can increase intra-aggregate pores and decrease inter-aggregate pores. When initial density increases, only the volume of inter-aggregate pores decreases. Wetting can decrease inter-aggregate pores and increase intra-aggregate pores. Finally, the Li model is applied in SWCC fitting for tested samples, the result of which performs well with a high correlation coefficient (R 2 〉 0.95) and is recommended for GRS analysis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/03611981231160546
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Characterizing Influence of Water Access Condition during Freezing on Resilient Behavior of Alaskan Base Course Materials
    SAGE Publications ; 2020
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2674, No. 6 ( 2020-06), p. 151-162
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2674, No. 6 ( 2020-06), p. 151-162
    Abstract: Accurate characterization of the resilient behavior of the base course materials under different climatic conditions is critical for the design of reliable and cost-effective pavement structures. In Alaska, the resilient behavior of base course materials usually undergoes significant variation due to seasonal change and extreme climatic conditions. Previous studies have revealed that the resilient behavior of base course materials could be significantly influenced by the freezing process. In this study, the freezing process under two extreme conditions (i.e., free and no water access conditions) that base course materials could possibly experience in the field was simulated using a one-dimensional frost heave cell. The influences of the water access condition during freezing on the frost heave and resilient modulus (M R ) of the base course materials with different fines and initial water contents was assessed based on the results from the freezing process and repeated load triaxial tests. A pressure plate test was also performed to build the relationship between suction and water content of soils with different fines content. Suction was then introduced to model M R of the materials tested under unfrozen conditions before and after a freeze–thaw cycle. The adoption of suction significantly simplified the equation for M R prediction. Finally, structural analyses were conducted using BISAR and Alaska Flexible Pavement Design (AKFPD) software and the results revealed that free water access during freezing can significantly accelerate cracking and reduce pavement service life.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0361198120918242
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Driving Style Classification and the Effectiveness of Advanced Driving Assistance Systems: Differences between Teen and Adult Drivers
    SAGE Publications ; 2023
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications
    Abstract: Advanced driving assistance systems (ADAS) are designed to reduce potential crash risks and enhance driving safety. However, drivers’ interactions with ADAS may vary depending on their individual driving styles and characteristics. This study proposes a novel approach to classifying driving styles and explores how age and gender affect interactions with ADAS. The study utilized two naturalistic driving data sets comprising 148 drivers from four age groups: teens; younger adults; middle-aged adults; and older adults. Data were collected during two periods: baseline (without ADAS); and treatment (with ADAS). First, the K-means clustering algorithm was employed to divide trips into one conservative and two aggressive groups based on three driving behavior metrics: tailgating; speeding; and lane-changing. The aggressive-trip ratios were then calculated for each driver during each of the two periods. The Bayesian Gaussian mixture model was applied to determine the threshold values of the aggressive-trip ratios to classify drivers as conservative, moderate, or aggressive during each period. This allowed for identifying changes in driving style upon the activation of ADAS. The subsequent multinomial logistic regression model results showed that driving styles vary across age groups, with teens being the most aggressive drivers. Certain changes in driving style were observed, with some conservative drivers becoming aggressive or moderate and some aggressive drivers becoming conservative or moderate, but these differences were statistically non-significant. The findings of this study indicate that warning-based ADAS may not elicit significant changes in driving style, particularly among teenage drivers who are consistently the most aggressive drivers.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/03611981231169525
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Photogrammetry-Based Method to Determine the Absolute Volume of Soil Specimen during Triaxial Testing
    SAGE Publications ; 2020
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2674, No. 8 ( 2020-08), p. 206-218
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2674, No. 8 ( 2020-08), p. 206-218
    Abstract: Triaxial tests are used extensively to evaluate stress-strain behavior for both saturated and unsaturated soils. A literature review indicates that all conventional triaxial test methods measure the relative volume of soil; however, between the initial measurements and the start of the triaxial tests, there are unavoidably disturbances during installation that cause deviation of soil volume from that at the initial condition. Recently image-based methods have been developed to measure the absolute volume of soil specimens. However, these methods still have a major limitation in their inability to determine top and bottom boundaries between the soil specimen, and the top and bottom caps. This paper proposes a photogrammetry-based method to overcome this limitation by developing a mathematically rigorous technique to determine the upper and lower boundaries of soil specimens during triaxial testing. The photogrammetry technique was used to determine the orientations of the camera, and the shape and location of the acrylic cell. Multiple ray-tracings and least-square optimization techniques were also applied to obtain the coordinates of any point inside the triaxial cell, and thus back-calculate the upper and lower boundaries. With these boundaries and the side surface, a triangular surface mesh was constructed and the specimen volume was then calculated in both unconfined compression tests and triaxial tests. The calculation procedures are presented in detail with validation tests performed on a cylindrical specimen to evaluate the accuracy of the method. Results indicate that the accuracy of the proposed method is up to 0.023% in unconfined compression tests and 0.061% in triaxial tests.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0361198120928339
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effectiveness Evaluation of Optical Illusion Deceleration Markings for a V-Shaped Undersea Tunnel Based on the Set Pair Analysis Method and the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution Theory
    SAGE Publications ; 2023
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2677, No. 5 ( 2023-05), p. 308-324
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2677, No. 5 ( 2023-05), p. 308-324
    Abstract: To improve traffic safety in undersea tunnels, the speed control effect of optical illusion deceleration markings (OIDMs) in V-shaped undersea tunnels and their applicability to drivers were explored. In this study, UC-Win/Road software was used to build a simulation scenario, and the V-shaped Jiaozhou Bay undersea tunnel in Qingdao, China, was selected as the simulated road section. Four kinds of OIDMs were selected as the research objects. According to the physiological and psychological response characteristics of drivers to the visual recognition process of OIDMs and vehicle driving parameters, three primary and six secondary evaluation indices were identified. The analytic hierarchy process-entropy weight method was applied to assign weights to each evaluation index in combination, and a comprehensive evaluation model based on the set pair analysis method and the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution was constructed to comprehensively evaluate the effectiveness of the OIDMs based on the ternary coefficient and the comprehensive evaluation index. To verify the accuracy of the model, the data of the three secondary evaluation indicators with larger weight coefficients were statistically analyzed, and the results showed that the results of the statistical analysis of the data were consistent with the results of the model test. In the entrance section of the tunnel, the combination of white inverted fishbone deceleration markings and red warning pavement has the highest comprehensive evaluation index of γ A1  = 0.9611. In the downhill section of the tunnel, the white variable-spacing inverted fishbone deceleration markings have the highest comprehensive evaluation index, γ B1  = 0.9644.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/03611981221130326
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Experimental Investigation of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters Applied in Concrete Pavement
    SAGE Publications ; 2022
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2676, No. 6 ( 2022-06), p. 25-34
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2676, No. 6 ( 2022-06), p. 25-34
    Abstract: This paper proposes the application and manufacturing of piezoelectric devices based on pile and arc-bridge transducers to harvest mechanical energy from concrete pavement. Multi-scale experiments are conducted to clarify the influence of electrical connection, load resistance, traffic speed, and loading times on the electrical properties of the harvesters. The reduced-scale test shows that the transducers should be connected to rectifiers before being connected as an array. Moreover, the output power of the arc-bridge transducer with resistance variations is unstable compared with that of the pile transducer. Accelerated pavement testing illustrates that the output power of the half pile array device increases to 1.7 mW with an optimal resistance of 10.0 MΩ; reducing the internal equivalent resistance is a potential way to increase the energy output. The results also show that the load speeds significantly influence the profile of the voltage and have a minor effect on the generated electric energy in the tested conditions. Furthermore, the electrical properties of the piezoelectric device exhibit no statistical degradation after the electrical fatigue test of 100,000 tire loads, indicating a novel electrical fatigue performance. The findings in this paper can further guide the application of such piezoelectric devices in concrete pavement.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/03611981211069943
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Model-Based Rolling Matching Strategy for Crowdsourced Drivers and Delivery Tasks Considering Uncertain Transportation Duration
    SAGE Publications ; 2021
    In:  Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Vol. 2675, No. 4 ( 2021-04), p. 181-200
    Details
    In: Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2675, No. 4 ( 2021-04), p. 181-200
    Abstract: The matching of crowdsourced drivers and delivery tasks is an important decision problem for the crowdsourced delivery platform. Although the existence of uncertainty of transportation duration in logistics delivery has been verified, uncertain transportation duration has not been considered in previous studies on the matching of crowdsourced drivers and delivery tasks. This would lead to the limitation that the results of the existing methods cannot meet the time requirements of senders. In this case, the profit and customer satisfaction of the crowdsourced delivery platform would decrease. In this paper, a model-based rolling matching strategy to match crowdsourced drivers and delivery tasks considering uncertain transportation duration is proposed. In addition, it is assumed that the crowdsourced delivery platform also has some dedicated drivers to implement the delivery tasks that cannot be implemented by crowdsourced drivers. First, a simpler problem is described, which is to match crowdsourced drivers and delivery tasks considering uncertain transportation duration in a static data environment. Then, a model is proposed to solve the above problem. Based on the proposed model, this paper further proposes a rolling procedure to solve the problem in a data refreshing environment. Moreover, a heuristic algorithm is presented for combining multiple delivery tasks to solve the one-to-many matching. Finally, a case study and comparison are given to illustrate the validity and the contribution of the proposed matching strategy. The results show that the proposed matching strategy has a distinct advantage of cost savings.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-1981 , 2169-4052
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0361198120974364
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2021
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