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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Double flow reversal in thin liquid films driven by megahertz-order surface vibration
    The Royal Society ; 2014
    In:  Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences Vol. 470, No. 2169 ( 2014-09-08), p. 20130765-
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, The Royal Society, Vol. 470, No. 2169 ( 2014-09-08), p. 20130765-
    Abstract: Arising from an interplay between capillary, acoustic and intermolecular forces, surface acoustic waves (SAWs) are observed to drive a unique and curious double flow reversal in the spreading of thin films. With a thickness at or less than the submicrometre viscous penetration depth, the film is seen to advance along the SAW propagation direction, and self-similarly over time t 1/4 in the inertial limit. At intermediate film thicknesses, beyond one-fourth the sound wavelength λ ℓ in the liquid, the spreading direction reverses, and the film propagates against the direction of the SAW propagation. The film reverses yet again, once its depth is further increased beyond one SAW wavelength. An unstable thickness region, between λ ℓ /8 and λ ℓ /4, exists from which regions of the film either rapidly grow in thickness to exceed λ ℓ /4 and move against the SAW propagation, consistent with the intermediate thickness films, whereas other regions decrease in thickness below λ ℓ /8 to conserve mass and move along the SAW propagation direction, consistent with the thin submicrometre films.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1364-5021 , 1471-2946
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2013.0765
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Royal Society
    Publication Date: 2014
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1460987-3
    SSG: 11
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Universal nanodroplet branches from confining the Ouzo effect
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2017
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 114, No. 39 ( 2017-09-26), p. 10332-10337
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 114, No. 39 ( 2017-09-26), p. 10332-10337
    Abstract: We report the self-organization of universal branching patterns of oil nanodroplets under the Ouzo effect [Vitale S, Katz J (2003) Langmuir 19:4105–4110]—a phenomenon in which spontaneous droplet formation occurs upon dilution of an organic solution of oil with water. The mixing of the organic and aqueous phases is confined under a quasi-2D geometry. In a manner analogous to the ramification of ground stream networks [Devauchelle O, Petroff AP, Seybold HF, Rothman DH (2012) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 109: 20832–20836 and Cohen Y, et al. (2015) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 112:14132–14137] but on a scale 10 orders of magnitude smaller, the angles between the droplet branches are seen to exhibit remarkable universality, with a value around 74° ± 2°, independent of the various control parameters of the process. Numerical simulations reveal that these nanodroplet branching patterns are governed by the interplay between the local concentration gradient, diffusion, and collective interactions. We further demonstrate the ability of the local concentration gradient to drive autonomous motion of colloidal particles in the highly confined space, and the possibility of using the nucleated nanodroplets for nanoextraction of a hydrophobic solute. The understanding obtained from this work provides a basis for quantitatively understanding the complex dynamical aspects associated with the Ouzo effect. We expect that this will facilitate improved control in nanodroplet formation for many applications, spanning from the preparation of pharmaceutical polymeric carriers, to the formulation of cosmetics and insecticides, to the fabrication of nanostructured materials, to the concentration and separation of trace analytes in liquid–liquid microextraction.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1704727114
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2017
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    SSG: 11
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Bayesian model reveals latent atrophy factors with dissociable cognitive trajectories in Alzheimer’s disease
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2016
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 113, No. 42 ( 2016-10-18)
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 113, No. 42 ( 2016-10-18)
    Abstract: We used a data-driven Bayesian model to automatically identify distinct latent factors of overlapping atrophy patterns from voxelwise structural MRIs of late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia patients. Our approach estimated the extent to which multiple distinct atrophy patterns were expressed within each participant rather than assuming that each participant expressed a single atrophy factor. The model revealed a temporal atrophy factor (medial temporal cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala), a subcortical atrophy factor (striatum, thalamus, and cerebellum), and a cortical atrophy factor (frontal, parietal, lateral temporal, and lateral occipital cortices). To explore the influence of each factor in early AD, atrophy factor compositions were inferred in beta-amyloid–positive (Aβ+) mild cognitively impaired (MCI) and cognitively normal (CN) participants. All three factors were associated with memory decline across the entire clinical spectrum, whereas the cortical factor was associated with executive function decline in Aβ+ MCI participants and AD dementia patients. Direct comparison between factors revealed that the temporal factor showed the strongest association with memory, whereas the cortical factor showed the strongest association with executive function. The subcortical factor was associated with the slowest decline for both memory and executive function compared with temporal and cortical factors. These results suggest that distinct patterns of atrophy influence decline across different cognitive domains. Quantification of this heterogeneity may enable the computation of individual-level predictions relevant for disease monitoring and customized therapies. Factor compositions of participants and code used in this article are publicly available for future research.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1611073113
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 209104-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461794-8
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    30 MHz driven fluid mixing in paper-based microfluidic systems
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2012
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 131, No. 4_Supplement ( 2012-04-01), p. 3338-3338
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 131, No. 4_Supplement ( 2012-04-01), p. 3338-3338
    Abstract: Paper-based microfluidics have recently become a topic of interest due to the ease and low expense in fabrication, especially compared to traditional microfluidics fabrication materials, making them suitable for inexpensive diagnostics. We report a convective actuation mechanism in a simple paper-based microfluidic device using surface acoustic waves to drive mixing. Using a Y-channel structure patterned onto paper, the mixing induced by 30 MHz acoustic waves is shown to be consistent and rapid, overcoming several limitations associated with its capillary-driven passive mixing counterpart: the latter exhibits nonuniform and irreproducible mixing. Capillary-driven mixing offers only poor control, is strongly dependent on the paper's texture and fibre alignment, and permits backflow, all due to the scale of the fibres being significant in comparison to the microfluidics features. Using a novel hue-based colourimetric technique, the mixing speed and efficiency is computed. For the acoustically driven mixing the effects of changing the input power, channel tortuousity and fibre/flow alignment was assessed. The hue-based technique offers several advantages over grayscale pixel intensity analysis techniques in facilitating quantification without limitations on the colour and contrast of the samples, and can be used, for example, for quantification in on-chip immunochromatographic assays.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.4708496
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    An RNA-targeting CRISPR–Cas13d system alleviates disease-related phenotypes in Huntington’s disease models
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2023
    In:  Nature Neuroscience Vol. 26, No. 1 ( 2023-01), p. 27-38
    Details
    In: Nature Neuroscience, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 26, No. 1 ( 2023-01), p. 27-38
    Abstract: Huntington’s disease (HD) is a fatal, dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disorder caused by CAG trinucleotide expansion in exon 1 of the huntingtin ( HTT ) gene. Since the reduction of pathogenic mutant HTT messenger RNA is therapeutic, we developed a mutant allele-sensitive CAG EX RNA-targeting CRISPR–Cas13d system (Cas13d–CAG EX ) that eliminates toxic CAG EX RNA in fibroblasts derived from patients with HD and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons. We show that intrastriatal delivery of Cas13d–CAG EX via an adeno-associated viral vector selectively reduces mutant HTT mRNA and protein levels in the striatum of heterozygous zQ175 mice, a model of HD. This also led to improved motor coordination, attenuated striatal atrophy and reduction of mutant HTT protein aggregates. These phenotypic improvements lasted for at least eight months without adverse effects and with minimal off-target transcriptomic effects. Taken together, we demonstrate proof of principle of an RNA-targeting CRISPR–Cas13d system as a therapeutic approach for HD, a strategy with implications for the treatment of other dominantly inherited disorders.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1097-6256 , 1546-1726
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41593-022-01207-1
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1494955-6
    SSG: 12
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