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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Structural and functional studies of TBC1D23 C-terminal domain provide a link between endosomal trafficking and PCH
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2019
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 116, No. 45 ( 2019-11-05), p. 22598-22608
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 116, No. 45 ( 2019-11-05), p. 22598-22608
    Abstract: Pontocerebellar hypoplasia (PCH) is a group of neurological disorders that affect the development of the brain, in particular, the pons and cerebellum. Homozygous mutations of TBC1D23 have been found recently to lead to PCH; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we show that the crystal structure of the TBC1D23 C-terminal domain adopts a Pleckstrin homology domain fold and selectively binds to phosphoinositides, in particular, PtdIns(4)P, through one surface while binding FAM21 via the opposite surface. Mutation of key residues of TBC1D23 or FAM21 selectively disrupts the endosomal vesicular trafficking toward the Trans-Golgi Network. Finally, using the zebrafish model, we show that PCH patient-derived mutants, impacting either phosphoinositide binding or FAM21 binding, lead to abnormal neuronal growth and brain development. Taken together, our data provide a molecular basis for the interaction between TBC1D23 and FAM21, and suggest a plausible role for PtdIns(4)P in the TBC1D23-mediating endosome-to-TGN trafficking pathway. Defects in this trafficking pathway are, at least partially, responsible for the pathogenesis of certain types of PCH.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1909316116
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2019
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    SSG: 11
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
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    Online Resource
    Measuring Mandarin Speech Recognition Thresholds Using the Method of Adaptive Tracking
    American Speech Language Hearing Association ; 2019
    In:  Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research Vol. 62, No. 6 ( 2019-06-19), p. 2009-2017
    Details
    In: Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, American Speech Language Hearing Association, Vol. 62, No. 6 ( 2019-06-19), p. 2009-2017
    Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine (a) the psychometric functions of Mandarin speech-on-speech masking with a comparison to the psychometric properties of the English version and (b) the feasibility of using the method of adaptive tracking (MAT) to measure Mandarin speech recognition thresholds in different masker conditions using a Chinese coordinate response measure (C-CRM) speech corpus. Method The study followed the example of the English coordinate response measure (E-CRM) speech corpus and designed a Chinese version. Sixteen listeners were recruited for a monaural Mandarin speech recognition test using C-CRM materials in 5 competing speech masker conditions: 1-talker different-gender, 1-talker same-gender, and 2-, 4-, and 8-talker maskers. Both the MAT and the method of constant stimuli (MCS) were used and then compared. Results Results of the MCS revealed that Mandarin listeners' psychometric functions varied depending upon masker characteristics (e.g., the number and gender of talkers), because significant differences were suggested among the 5 masker conditions (mainly between 1-talker and multitalker), as measured in the slope b and the 50% threshold. Meanwhile, speech identification improved monotonically with increasing signal-to-noise ratios for all 5 masker conditions, except that a plateau was observed with signal-to-noise ratios from −10 to 0 dB in the 1-talker maskers. The properties of C-CRM psychometric functions largely agreed with E-CRM findings, and yet lower speech recognition thresholds were found in C-CRM. Meanwhile, the comparisons of the thresholds estimated in the MAT and the MCS showed no significant differences for all 5 masker conditions. Conclusion The results suggest that masker characteristics greatly affected Mandarin psychometric functions and monotonicity was present in all 5 C-CRM maskers, echoing the E-CRM literature in a great extent. Interestingly, target words of C-CRM were found easier to recognize in multitalker babbles than those of E-CRM. Moreover, comparisons of the MAT and the MCS suggest that the MAT provided a feasible method for measuring Mandarin speech recognition thresholds with the C-CRM speech maskers.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1092-4388 , 1558-9102
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1044/2019_JSLHR-H-18-0162
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Speech Language Hearing Association
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2070420-3
    SSG: 5,2
    SSG: 7,11
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Aging Effects on Categorical Perception of Mandarin Lexical Tones in Noise
    American Speech Language Hearing Association ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research Vol. 64, No. 4 ( 2021-04-14), p. 1376-1389
    Details
    In: Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, American Speech Language Hearing Association, Vol. 64, No. 4 ( 2021-04-14), p. 1376-1389
    Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the aging effects on the categorical perception (CP) of Mandarin lexical Tones 1–4 and Tones 1–2 in noise. It also investigated whether listeners' categorical tone perception in noise correlated with their general tone identification of 20 natural vowel-plus-tone signals in noise. Method Twelve younger and 12 older listeners with normal hearing were recruited in both tone identification and discrimination tasks in a CP paradigm where fundamental frequency contours of target stimuli varied systematically from the flat tone (Tone 1) to the rising/falling tones (Tones 2/4). Both tasks were conducted in quiet and noise with signal-to-noise ratios set at −5 and −10 dB, respectively, and general tone identification of natural speech signals was also tested in noise conditions. Results Compared with younger listeners, older listeners had shallower identification slopes and smaller discrimination peakedness in Tones 1–2/4 perception in all listening conditions, except for Tones 1–4 perception in quiet where no group differences were found. Meanwhile, noise affected Tones 1–2/4 perception: The signal-to-noise ratio condition at −10 dB brought shallower slope in Tones 1–2/4 identification and less peakedness in Tones 1–4 discrimination for both listener groups. Older listeners' CP in noise, the identification slopes in particular, positively correlated with their general tone identification in noise, but such correlations were partially missing for younger listeners. Conclusions Both aging and the presence of speech-shaped noise significantly reduced the CP of Mandarin Tones 1–2/4. Listeners' Mandarin tone recognition may be related to their CP of Mandarin tones.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1092-4388 , 1558-9102
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1044/2020_JSLHR-20-00509
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Speech Language Hearing Association
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2070420-3
    SSG: 5,2
    SSG: 7,11
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    A large-scale longitudinal study of syntactic complexity development in EFL writing: A mixed-effects model approach
    Elsevier BV ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Second Language Writing Vol. 59 ( 2023-03), p. 100962-
    Details
    In: Journal of Second Language Writing, Elsevier BV, Vol. 59 ( 2023-03), p. 100962-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1060-3743
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jslw.2022.100962
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019441-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1135834-8
    SSG: 7,11
    SSG: 7,24
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  • 5
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    Thematic progression in English–Chinese translation of argumentative classics: a quantitative study of Francis Bacon's ‘Of Studies’ and its 11 Chinese translations
    Informa UK Limited ; 2013
    In:  Perspectives Vol. 21, No. 2 ( 2013-06), p. 272-288
    Details
    In: Perspectives, Informa UK Limited, Vol. 21, No. 2 ( 2013-06), p. 272-288
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0907-676X , 1747-6623
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1080/0907676X.2011.615940
    Language: English
    Publisher: Informa UK Limited
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2236318-X
    SSG: 7,11
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  • 6
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    Vowel and tone identification of Mandarin Chinese: Comparison between native Chinese and Korean listeners
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2016
    In:  Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 140, No. 4_Supplement ( 2016-10-01), p. 3337-3337
    Details
    In: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 140, No. 4_Supplement ( 2016-10-01), p. 3337-3337
    Abstract: Speech in tone languages requires listeners to identify not only phonemes but also tones. As non-tone language users, Korean-native speakers may have difficulty in identifying tones and vowels and processing both tonal and phonemic information at the same time, which are not presented in their mother tongue. The goal of the present study was to investigate the identification of Mandarin Chinese vowels and tones for both native Mandarin Chinese and native Korean speakers with medium and high Chinese proficiency. Results showed that for the identification of Mandarin vowel-plus-tone, vowel, and tone, there was no difference between Chinese- and Korean-native listeners with high Chinese proficiency, whereas Chinese listeners significantly outperformed Korean listeners with medium Chinese proficiency, particularly for tones 1, 3, and 4 and vowel /y/. For Korean listeners, there was no significant correlation between the onset age of Chinese learning and identification scores, while the identification performance significantly correlated with the length of Chinese learning. Moreover, for both Chinese and Korean listeners, identification scores of vowel-plus-tone, tone and vowel are comparable, suggesting that both groups may process dual cues (vowel and tone) as efficiently as individual cues (vowel or tone).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.4970644
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Dual-path transformer-based network with equalization-generation components prediction for flexible vibrational sensor speech enhancement in the time domain
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2022
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 151, No. 5 ( 2022-05-01), p. 2814-2825
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 151, No. 5 ( 2022-05-01), p. 2814-2825
    Abstract: The flexible vibrational sensor (FVS) has the potential to become a popular wearable communication device because of its natural noise shielding characteristics and soft materials. However, FVS speech faces a severe loss of frequency components. To improve speech quality, a time-domain neural network model based on the dual-path transformer combined with equalization-generation components prediction (DPT-EGNet) is proposed. More specifically, the DPT-EGNet consists of five modules, namely the pre-processing module, dual-path transformer module, equalization module, generation module, and post-processing module. The dual-path transformer module is leveraged to extract the local and global contextual relationship of long-term speech sequences, which is extremely beneficial for inferring the missing components. The equalization and generation modules are designed according to the characteristics of FVS speech, which further improve the speech quality by simulating the inversion process of the speech distortion. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model effectively improves the quality of FVS speech; the average perceptual evaluation of speech quality (PESQ), short-time objective intelligibility (STOI), and composite measure for overall speech quality (COVL) scores of three males and three females are relatively increased by 64.19%, 29.63%, and 101.37%, which is superior to other baseline models developed in different domains. The proposed model also has significantly lower complexity than the others.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/10.0010316
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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  • 8
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    Oxysterols are agonist ligands of RORγt and drive Th17 cell differentiation
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2014
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 111, No. 33 ( 2014-08-19), p. 12163-12168
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 111, No. 33 ( 2014-08-19), p. 12163-12168
    Abstract: The RAR-related orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt) is a nuclear receptor required for generating IL-17–producing CD4 + Th17 T cells, which are essential in host defense and may play key pathogenic roles in autoimmune diseases. Oxysterols elicit profound effects on immune and inflammatory responses as well as on cholesterol and lipid metabolism. Here, we describe the identification of several naturally occurring oxysterols as RORγt agonists. The most potent and selective activator for RORγt is 7β, 27-dihydroxycholesterol (7β, 27-OHC). We show that these oxysterols reverse the inhibitory effect of an RORγt antagonist, ursolic acid, in RORγ- or RORγt-dependent cell-based reporter assays. These ligands bind directly to recombinant RORγ ligand binding domain (LBD), promote recruitment of a coactivator peptide, and reduce binding of a corepressor peptide to RORγ LBD. In primary cells, 7β, 27-OHC and 7α, 27-OHC enhance the differentiation of murine and human IL-17–producing Th17 cells in an RORγt-dependent manner. Importantly, we showed that Th17, but not Th1 cells, preferentially produce these two oxysterols. In vivo, administration of 7β, 27-OHC in mice enhanced IL-17 production. Mice deficient in CYP27A1, a key enzyme in generating these oxysterols, showed significant reduction of IL-17–producing cells, including CD4 + and γδ + T cells, similar to the deficiency observed in RORγt knockout mice. Our results reveal a previously unknown mechanism for selected oxysterols as immune modulators and a direct role for CYP27A1 in generating these RORγt agonist ligands, which we propose as RORγt endogenous ligands, driving both innate and adaptive IL-17–dependent immune responses.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1322807111
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 209104-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461794-8
    SSG: 11
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  • 9
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    Gas phase formation of c-SiC 3 molecules in the circumstellar envelope of carbon stars
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2019
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 116, No. 29 ( 2019-07-16), p. 14471-14478
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 116, No. 29 ( 2019-07-16), p. 14471-14478
    Abstract: Complex organosilicon molecules are ubiquitous in the circumstellar envelope of the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) star IRC+10216, but their formation mechanisms have remained largely elusive until now. These processes are of fundamental importance in initiating a chain of chemical reactions leading eventually to the formation of organosilicon molecules—among them key precursors to silicon carbide grains—in the circumstellar shell contributing critically to the galactic carbon and silicon budgets with up to 80% of the ejected materials infused into the interstellar medium. Here we demonstrate via a combined experimental, computational, and modeling study that distinct chemistries in the inner and outer envelope of a carbon star can lead to the synthesis of circumstellar silicon tricarbide (c-SiC 3 ) as observed in the circumstellar envelope of IRC+10216. Bimolecular reactions of electronically excited silicon atoms (Si( 1 D)) with allene (H 2 CCCH 2 ) and methylacetylene (CH 3 CCH) initiate the formation of SiC 3 H 2 molecules in the inner envelope. Driven by the stellar wind to the outer envelope, subsequent photodissociation of the SiC 3 H 2 parent operates the synthesis of the c-SiC 3 daughter species via dehydrogenation. The facile route to silicon tricarbide via a single neutral–neutral reaction to a hydrogenated parent molecule followed by photochemical processing of this transient to a bare silicon–carbon molecule presents evidence for a shift in currently accepted views of the circumstellar organosilicon chemistry, and provides an explanation for the previously elusive origin of circumstellar organosilicon molecules that can be synthesized in carbon-rich, circumstellar environments.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1810370116
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 209104-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461794-8
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 12
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  • 10
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    Aging effects on categorical perception of Mandarin tones in noise
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2018
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 144, No. 3_Supplement ( 2018-09-01), p. 1798-1798
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 144, No. 3_Supplement ( 2018-09-01), p. 1798-1798
    Abstract: The current study aimed at investigating the aging effect on the categorical perception of Mandarin lexical tones with varied fundamental frequency (F0) contours in noise. Mandarin tone identification and tone discrimination in quiet and noise were measured for younger and older listeners in a categorical perception paradigm where the stimuli continua varied their F0 contour systematically from the level to the rising/falling tones. Results reported that older listeners, in contrast with their younger counterparts, performed with less stimulus-tuned changes in both identification and discrimination functions and smaller peakedness in the discrimination function for both level-rising and level-falling tones. The aging effects on Mandarin tone categoricality were observed in both quiet and noise. Moreover, noise aggravated the aging effects, especially with the high SNR condition. Plus, older listeners’ identification and discrimination functions in CP paradigm positively correlated with their performance in general speech identification in noise; such correlation was not found with younger listeners. Our study suggested that older listeners had less categoricality in both identification and discrimination functions for the level-rising and level-falling tones, probably due to the aging-related decline in temporal processing.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.5067930
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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