In:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 112, No. 10 ( 2015-03-10), p. 2948-2953
Abstract:
Small molecule-based fluorescent probes have been used for real-time visualization of live cells and tracking of various cellular events with minimal perturbation on the cells being investigated. Given the wide utility of the (histidine) 6 -Ni 2+ -nitrilotriacetate (Ni-NTA) system in protein purification, there is significant interest in fluorescent Ni 2+ -NTA–based probes. Unfortunately, previous Ni-NTA–based probes suffer from poor membrane permeability and cannot label intracellular proteins. Here, we report the design and synthesis of, to our knowledge, the first membrane-permeable fluorescent probe Ni- NTA-AC via conjugation of NTA with fluorophore and arylazide followed by coordination with Ni 2+ ions. The probe, driven by Ni 2+ -NTA, binds specifically to His-tags genetically fused to proteins and subsequently forms a covalent bond upon photoactivation of the arylazide, leading to a 13-fold fluorescence enhancement. The arylazide is indispensable not only for fluorescence enhancement, but also for strengthening the binding between the probe and proteins. Significantly, the Ni- NTA-AC probe can rapidly enter different types of cells, even plant tissues, to target His-tagged proteins. Using this probe, we visualized the subcellular localization of a DNA repair protein, Xeroderma pigmentosum group A (XPA122), which is known to be mainly enriched in the nucleus. We also demonstrated that the probe can image a genetically engineered His-tagged protein in plant tissues. This study thus offers a new opportunity for in situ visualization of large libraries of His-tagged proteins in various prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
ISSN:
0027-8424
,
1091-6490
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1419598112
Language:
English
Publisher:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Publication Date:
2015
detail.hit.zdb_id:
209104-5
detail.hit.zdb_id:
1461794-8
SSG:
11
SSG:
12
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