GLORIA

GEOMAR Library Ocean Research Information Access

X

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Complexity of Coupled Human and Natural Systems
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2007
    In:  Science Vol. 317, No. 5844 ( 2007-09-14), p. 1513-1516
    Details
    In: Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 317, No. 5844 ( 2007-09-14), p. 1513-1516
    Abstract: Integrated studies of coupled human and natural systems reveal new and complex patterns and processes not evident when studied by social or natural scientists separately. Synthesis of six case studies from around the world shows that couplings between human and natural systems vary across space, time, and organizational units. They also exhibit nonlinear dynamics with thresholds, reciprocal feedback loops, time lags, resilience, heterogeneity, and surprises. Furthermore, past couplings have legacy effects on present conditions and future possibilities.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0036-8075 , 1095-9203
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/science.1144004
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 128410-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2066996-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2060783-0
    SSG: 11
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Elemental Compositions of Comet 81P/Wild 2 Samples Collected by Stardust
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2006
    In:  Science Vol. 314, No. 5806 ( 2006-12-15), p. 1731-1735
    Details
    In: Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 314, No. 5806 ( 2006-12-15), p. 1731-1735
    Abstract: We measured the elemental compositions of material from 23 particles in aerogel and from residue in seven craters in aluminum foil that was collected during passage of the Stardust spacecraft through the coma of comet 81P/Wild 2. These particles are chemically heterogeneous at the largest size scale analyzed (â¼180 ng). The mean elemental composition of this Wild 2 material is consistent with the CI meteorite composition, which is thought to represent the bulk composition of the solar system, for the elements Mg, Si, Mn, Fe, and Ni to 35%, and for Ca and Ti to 60%. The elements Cu, Zn, and Ga appear enriched in this Wild 2 material, which suggests that the CI meteorites may not represent the solar system composition for these moderately volatile minor elements.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0036-8075 , 1095-9203
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/science.1136141
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2006
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 128410-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2066996-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2060783-0
    SSG: 11
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Late Language Emergence at 24 Months: An Epidemiological Study of Prevalence, Predictors, and Covariates
    American Speech Language Hearing Association ; 2007
    In:  Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research Vol. 50, No. 6 ( 2007-12), p. 1562-1592
    Details
    In: Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, American Speech Language Hearing Association, Vol. 50, No. 6 ( 2007-12), p. 1562-1592
    Abstract: The primary objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of late language emergence (LLE) and to investigate the predictive status of maternal, family, and child variables. Method This is a prospective cohort study of 1,766 epidemiologically ascertained 24-month-old singleton children. The framework was an ecological model of child development encompassing a wide range of maternal, family, and child variables. Data were obtained using a postal questionnaire. Item analyses of the 6-item Communication scale of the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ; D. Bricker & J. Squires, 1999; J. Squires & D. Bricker, 1993; J. Squires, D. Bricker, & L. Potter, 1997; J. Squires, L. Potter, & D. Bricker, 1999) yielded a composite score encompassing comprehension as well as production items. One SD below the mean yielded good separation of affected from unaffected children. Analyses of bivariate relationships with maternal, family, and child variables were carried out, followed by multivariate logistic regression to predict LLE group membership. Results 13.4% of the sample showed LLE via the ASQ criterion, with 19.1% using the single item of “combining words.” Risk for LLE at 24 months was not associated with particular strata of parental educational levels, socioeconomic resources, parental mental health, parenting practices, or family functioning. Significant predictors included familial history of LLE, male gender, and early neurobiological growth. Covariates included psychosocial indicators. Conclusion Results are congruent with models of language emergence and impairment that posit a strong role for neurobiological and genetic mechanisms of onset that operate across a wide variation in maternal and family characteristics.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1092-4388 , 1558-9102
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1044/1092-4388(2007/106)
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Speech Language Hearing Association
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2070420-3
    SSG: 5,2
    SSG: 7,11
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Late Language Emergence in 24-Month-Old Twins: Heritable and Increased Risk for Late Language Emergence in Twins
    American Speech Language Hearing Association ; 2014
    In:  Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research Vol. 57, No. 3 ( 2014-06), p. 917-928
    Details
    In: Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, American Speech Language Hearing Association, Vol. 57, No. 3 ( 2014-06), p. 917-928
    Abstract: This study investigated the etiology of late language emergence (LLE) in 24-month-old twins, considering possible twinning, zygosity, gender, and heritability effects for vocabulary and grammar phenotypes. Method A population-based sample of 473 twin pairs participated. Multilevel modeling estimated means and variances of vocabulary and grammar phenotypes, controlling for familiality. Heritability was estimated with DeFries–Fulker regression and variance components models to determine effects of heritability, shared environment, and nonshared environment. Results Twins had lower average language scores than norms for single-born children, with lower average performance for monozygotic than dizygotic twins and for boys than girls, although gender and zygosity did not interact. Gender did not predict LLE. Significant heritability was detected for vocabulary (0.26) and grammar phenotypes (0.52 and 0.43 for boys and girls, respectively) in the full sample and in the sample selected for LLE (0.42 and 0.44). LLE and the appearance of Word Combinations were also significantly heritable (0.22–0.23). Conclusions The findings revealed an increased likelihood of LLE in twin toddlers compared with single-born children that is modulated by zygosity and gender differences. Heritability estimates are consistent with previous research for vocabulary and add further suggestion of heritable differences in early grammar acquisition.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1092-4388 , 1558-9102
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1044/1092-4388(2013/12-0350)
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Speech Language Hearing Association
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2070420-3
    SSG: 5,2
    SSG: 7,11
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Distinct roles of N- and O-glycans in cellulase activity and stability
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2017
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 114, No. 52 ( 2017-12-26), p. 13667-13672
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 114, No. 52 ( 2017-12-26), p. 13667-13672
    Abstract: In nature, many microbes secrete mixtures of glycoside hydrolases, oxidoreductases, and accessory enzymes to deconstruct polysaccharides and lignin in plants. These enzymes are often decorated with N- and O-glycosylation, the roles of which have been broadly attributed to protection from proteolysis, as the extracellular milieu is an aggressive environment. Glycosylation has been shown to sometimes affect activity, but these effects are not fully understood. Here, we examine N- and O-glycosylation on a model, multimodular glycoside hydrolase family 7 cellobiohydrolase (Cel7A), which exhibits an O-glycosylated carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) and an O-glycosylated linker connected to an N- and O-glycosylated catalytic domain (CD)—a domain architecture common to many biomass-degrading enzymes. We report consensus maps for Cel7A glycosylation that include glycan sites and motifs. Additionally, we examine the roles of glycans on activity, substrate binding, and thermal and proteolytic stability. N-glycan knockouts on the CD demonstrate that N-glycosylation has little impact on cellulose conversion or binding, but does have major stability impacts. O-glycans on the CBM have little impact on binding, proteolysis, or activity in the whole-enzyme context. However, linker O-glycans greatly impact cellulose conversion via their contribution to proteolysis resistance. Molecular simulations predict an additional role for linker O-glycans, namely that they are responsible for maintaining separation between ordered domains when Cel7A is engaged on cellulose, as models predict α-helix formation and decreased cellulose interaction for the nonglycosylated linker. Overall, this study reveals key roles for N- and O-glycosylation that are likely broadly applicable to other plant cell-wall–degrading enzymes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1714249114
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 209104-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461794-8
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 12
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Language Outcomes of 7-Year-Old Children With or Without a History of Late Language Emergence at 24 Months
    American Speech Language Hearing Association ; 2008
    In:  Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research Vol. 51, No. 2 ( 2008-04), p. 394-407
    Details
    In: Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, American Speech Language Hearing Association, Vol. 51, No. 2 ( 2008-04), p. 394-407
    Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the language outcomes of 7-year-old children with and without a history of late language emergence at 24 months. Method One hundred twenty-eight children with a history of late language emergence (LLE) at 24 months and 109 children with a history of normal language emergence (NLE) at 24 months participated in direct behavioral assessment of multiple dimensions of language at 7 years. The children were recruited from a prospective cohort study of 1,766 epidemiologically ascertained 24-month-old singleton children. Results The group mean for the LLE children was within the typical range on an omnibus measure of general language ability and measures of specific dimensions of language. However, a greater percentage of LLE children, relative to NLE children, performed below normative expectations on a measure of general language ability (20% versus 11%), speech (7% versus 2%), syntax (18% versus 8%), and morphosyntax (9%–23% versus 2%–14%), but not vocabulary or semantics. Conclusion The results provide support for growth models of language impairment that predict that late onset of language foretells a protracted growth difference for some LLE children relative to NLE children, particularly for syntax and morphosyntax.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1092-4388 , 1558-9102
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1044/1092-4388(2008/029)
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Speech Language Hearing Association
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2070420-3
    SSG: 5,2
    SSG: 7,11
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Longitudinal Study of Language and Speech of Twins at 4 and 6 Years: Twinning Effects Decrease, Zygosity Effects Disappear, and Heritability Increases
    American Speech Language Hearing Association ; 2018
    In:  Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research Vol. 61, No. 1 ( 2018-01-22), p. 79-93
    Details
    In: Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, American Speech Language Hearing Association, Vol. 61, No. 1 ( 2018-01-22), p. 79-93
    Abstract: This study investigates the heritability of language, speech, and nonverbal cognitive development of twins at 4 and 6 years of age. Possible confounding effects of twinning and zygosity, evident at 2 years, were investigated among other possible predictors of outcomes. Method The population-based twin sample included 627 twin pairs and 1 twin without a co-twin (197 monozygotic and 431 dizygotic), 610 boys and 645 girls, 1,255 children in total. Nine phenotypes from the same comprehensive direct behavioral assessment protocol were investigated at 4 and 6 years of age. Twinning effects were estimated for each phenotype at each age using general linear mixed models using maximum likelihood. Results Twinning effects decreased from 4 to 6 years; zygosity effects disappeared by 6 years. Heritability increased from 4 to 6 years across all 9 phenotypes, and the heritability estimates were higher than reported previously, in the range of .44–.92 at 6 years. The highest estimate, .92, was for the clinical grammar marker. Conclusions Across multiple dimensions of speech, language, and nonverbal cognition, heritability estimates are robust. A finiteness marker of grammar shows the highest inherited influences in this early period of children's language acquisition.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1092-4388 , 1558-9102
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1044/2017_JSLHR-L-16-0366
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Speech Language Hearing Association
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2070420-3
    SSG: 5,2
    SSG: 7,11
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Heritability of Specific Language Impairment and Nonspecific Language Impairment at Ages 4 and 6 Years Across Phenotypes of Speech, Language, and Nonverbal Cognition
    American Speech Language Hearing Association ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research Vol. 63, No. 3 ( 2020-03-23), p. 793-813
    Details
    In: Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, American Speech Language Hearing Association, Vol. 63, No. 3 ( 2020-03-23), p. 793-813
    Abstract: Early language and speech acquisition can be delayed in twin children, a twinning effect that diminishes between 4 and 6 years of age in a population-based sample. The purposes of this study were to examine how twinning effects influence the identification of children with language impairments at 4 and 6 years of age, comparing children with specific language impairment (SLI) and nonspecific language impairment (NLI); the likelihood that affectedness will be shared within monozygotic versus dizygotic twin pairs; and estimated levels of heritability for SLI and NLI. Twinning effects are predicted to result in elevated rates of language impairments in twins. Method The population-based twin sample included 1,354 children from 677 twin pairs, 214 monozygotic and 463 dizygotic, enrolled in a longitudinal study. Nine phenotypes from the same comprehensive direct behavioral assessment protocol were investigated at 4 and 6 years of age. Twinning effects were estimated for each phenotype at each age using structural equation models estimated via diagonally weighted least squares. Heritabilities were calculated for SLI and NLI. Results As predicted, the twinning effect increased the percentage of affected children in both groups across multiple language phenotypes, an effect that diminished with age yet was still not aligned to singleton age peers. Substantial heritability estimates replicated across language phenotypes and increased with age, even with the most lenient definition of affectedness, at −1 SD . Patterns of outcomes differed between SLI and NLI groups. Conclusions Nonverbal IQ is not on the same causal pathway as language impairments. Twinning effects on language acquisition affect classification of 4- and 6-year-old children as SLI and NLI, and heritability is most consistent in the SLI group. Clinical practice requires monitoring language acquisition of twins to avoid misdiagnosis when young or a missed diagnosis of language impairments at school entry.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1092-4388 , 1558-9102
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1044/2019_JSLHR-19-00012
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Speech Language Hearing Association
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2070420-3
    SSG: 5,2
    SSG: 7,11
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Predicting children's speech, language and reading impairment over time
    Informa UK Limited ; 2009
    In:  International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology Vol. 11, No. 5 ( 2009-01), p. 341-343
    Details
    In: International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, Informa UK Limited, Vol. 11, No. 5 ( 2009-01), p. 341-343
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1754-9507 , 1754-9515
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1080/17549500903161561
    Language: English
    Publisher: Informa UK Limited
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2406625-4
    SSG: 7,11
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Anatomically interpretable deep learning of brain age captures domain-specific cognitive impairment
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2023
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 120, No. 2 ( 2023-01-10)
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 120, No. 2 ( 2023-01-10)
    Abstract: The gap between chronological age (CA) and biological brain age, as estimated from magnetic resonance images (MRIs), reflects how individual patterns of neuroanatomic aging deviate from their typical trajectories. MRI-derived brain age (BA) estimates are often obtained using deep learning models that may perform relatively poorly on new data or that lack neuroanatomic interpretability. This study introduces a convolutional neural network (CNN) to estimate BA after training on the MRIs of 4,681 cognitively normal (CN) participants and testing on 1,170 CN participants from an independent sample. BA estimation errors are notably lower than those of previous studies. At both individual and cohort levels, the CNN provides detailed anatomic maps of brain aging patterns that reveal sex dimorphisms and neurocognitive trajectories in adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI, N  = 351) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD, N  = 359). In individuals with MCI (54% of whom were diagnosed with dementia within 10.9 y from MRI acquisition), BA is significantly better than CA in capturing dementia symptom severity, functional disability, and executive function. Profiles of sex dimorphism and lateralization in brain aging also map onto patterns of neuroanatomic change that reflect cognitive decline. Significant associations between BA and neurocognitive measures suggest that the proposed framework can map, systematically, the relationship between aging-related neuroanatomy changes in CN individuals and in participants with MCI or AD. Early identification of such neuroanatomy changes can help to screen individuals according to their AD risk.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2214634120
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 209104-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461794-8
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 12
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...