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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of a listener’s very slow rotation on sound localization accuracy
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2016
    In:  Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 140, No. 4_Supplement ( 2016-10-01), p. 3269-3269
    Details
    In: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 140, No. 4_Supplement ( 2016-10-01), p. 3269-3269
    Abstract: A listener’s head movement is effectively used to accurately localize sounds. By contrast, when a sound stimulus is presented during head rotation, sound localization acuity decreases. Previous studies have shown that sound localization accuracy is degraded even during slow head rotation at 50/s. In this study, we investigated the sound localization accuracy during very slow head rotation from 0.6250/s to 50/s. We measured the detection thresholds (DTs) at the listener’s subjective front. The experiment consisted of static and rotation conditions. Listeners were asked to report whether a 30 ms noise burst was presented from the left or right of the subjective front (2 Alternative Forced Choice Task). In the results, the DTs in the rotation condition were larger than that in the static condition. Moreover, DTs seem almost independent of the rotation speed. This suggests that the sound localization resolution at the subjective front is degraded by a listener's passive rotation irrespective of the rotation speed. This is very interesting because a listener only rotates 0.150 during stimulus presentation, which is much less than the DTs in the static condition. Therefore, we investigated the origin of this phenomenon by changing the experimental parameters, including stimulus duration.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.4970376
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of listener’s whole-body rotation and sound duration on sound localization accuracy
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2017
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 142, No. 4_Supplement ( 2017-10-01), p. 2676-2676
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 142, No. 4_Supplement ( 2017-10-01), p. 2676-2676
    Abstract: Listener's head movement is known to facilitate sound localization, which creates dynamic changes to the information input to both ears. For this study, we used a digitally controlled spinning chair to examine the effects of a listener’s whole-body rotation and sound duration on sound localization accuracy. We measured their sound localization accuracy at locations from left 30 deg to right 30 deg with respect to the listener. Stimuli were 1/3-octave band noise burst (fc = 1 kHz, SPL = 65 dB) with duration of 50, 200, and 1000 ms. Each stimulus was presented from a loudspeaker in a circular array. The listener, sitting on the chair at the circle center, reported the position of the presented stimulus in chair-still (0 deg/s) and chair-rotation (10 deg/s) conditions. Results showed superior sound localization accuracy of chair-rotation condition to that of a chair-still condition. Moreover, a significant effect of sound duration was observed, but interaction of the test condition and the sound duration was not significant. Although the listener's head movement might influence the localization performance more for long stimuli than for short stimuli, results suggest that the effects of a listener's whole-body rotation were less influenced by the sound duration.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.5014754
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Minimum audible angle at the subjective front during listener’s active and passive head rotation
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2013
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 134, No. 5_Supplement ( 2013-11-01), p. 4062-4062
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 134, No. 5_Supplement ( 2013-11-01), p. 4062-4062
    Abstract: Listener’s head movement, particularly horizontal rotation, effectively improves sound localization acuity (Wallach, 1939; Thurlow, 1967; Kawaura, 1989). However, few findings have been obtained concerning sound localization during head rotation. In the present study, we directly investigated the minimum audible angle (MAA) at the front during horizontal rotation. A sound stimulus (30-ms noise burst) was presented from a loudspeaker of a circular array (r = 1.1 m), with a loudspeaker separation of 2.5 degrees. The listener, sitting at the center of the circle, was asked to answer whether the sound stimulus was presented from the left or right of the subjective front (2AFC). We designed three listening conditions, static, active rotation and passive rotation. In the static condition, listeners were asked to keep their heads still. For the active rotation condition, listeners were asked to rotate their heads. Meanwhile, for the passive rotation condition, listeners sitting on a revolving chair were rotated by an experimenter. In the latter two conditions, the test stimulus was triggered during head movement. Results showed the MAA to deteriorate significantly in the two rotation conditions. This implies that the improvements in sound localization due to head motion could be explained by the multiple-look model (Viemeister, 1991).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.4830823
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Auditory space perception during self-motion
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2016
    In:  Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 140, No. 4_Supplement ( 2016-10-01), p. 2998-2998
    Details
    In: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 140, No. 4_Supplement ( 2016-10-01), p. 2998-2998
    Abstract: Spatial information inputted to the auditory periphery dramatically changes with a listener’s body movements relative to the sound source. Nevertheless, listeners can perceive a stable auditory environment and react appropriately to the sound source. This suggests that the spatial information is reinterpreted in the brain by being integrated with information regarding movement, while it is well known that the motion itself sometimes negatively affects sound localization acuity. We have focused on how people perceive auditory space during movement. A linear-motor-driven chair and a spinning chair were installed in an anechoic room to provide linear and rotatory motion, respectively. The results revealed that the perceived sound position during linear self-motion was displaced compared with the physical sound position. This displacement was observed regardless of the self-motion direction and the inputted sensory information which induces self-motion. Such degradation of sound localization acuity was also observed when listeners were rotated; the detection thresholds for the listener’s subjective front were elevated during the motion. Here, we introduce the details of our study and discuss the characteristics of auditory space perception during self-motion. [Work supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant (26280067).]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.4969289
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Radiation dose rates now and in the future for residents neighboring restricted areas of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2014
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 111, No. 10 ( 2014-03-11)
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 111, No. 10 ( 2014-03-11)
    Abstract: Radiation dose rates were evaluated in three areas neighboring a restricted area within a 20- to 50-km radius of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in August–September 2012 and projected to 2022 and 2062. Study participants wore personal dosimeters measuring external dose equivalents, almost entirely from deposited radionuclides (groundshine). External dose rate equivalents owing to the accident averaged 1.03, 2.75, and 1.66 mSv/y in the village of Kawauchi, the Tamano area of Soma, and the Haramachi area of Minamisoma, respectively. Internal dose rates estimated from dietary intake of radiocesium averaged 0.0058, 0.019, and 0.0088 mSv/y in Kawauchi, Tamano, and Haramachi, respectively. Dose rates from inhalation of resuspended radiocesium were lower than 0.001 mSv/y. In 2012, the average annual doses from radiocesium were close to the average background radiation exposure (2 mSv/y) in Japan. Accounting only for the physical decay of radiocesium, mean annual dose rates in 2022 were estimated as 0.31, 0.87, and 0.53 mSv/y in Kawauchi, Tamano, and Haramachi, respectively. The simple and conservative estimates are comparable with variations in the background dose, and unlikely to exceed the ordinary permissible dose rate (1 mSv/y) for the majority of the Fukushima population. Health risk assessment indicates that post-2012 doses will increase lifetime solid cancer, leukemia, and breast cancer incidences by 1.06%, 0.03% and 0.28% respectively, in Tamano. This assessment was derived from short-term observation with uncertainties and did not evaluate the first-year dose and radioiodine exposure. Nevertheless, this estimate provides perspective on the long-term radiation exposure levels in the three regions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1315684111
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 209104-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461794-8
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxygen Isotopic Compositions of Asteroidal Materials Returned from Itokawa by the Hayabusa Mission
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2011
    In:  Science Vol. 333, No. 6046 ( 2011-08-26), p. 1116-1119
    Details
    In: Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 333, No. 6046 ( 2011-08-26), p. 1116-1119
    Abstract: Meteorite studies suggest that each solar system object has a unique oxygen isotopic composition. Chondrites, the most primitive of meteorites, have been believed to be derived from asteroids, but oxygen isotopic compositions of asteroids themselves have not been established. We measured, using secondary ion mass spectrometry, oxygen isotopic compositions of rock particles from asteroid 25143 Itokawa returned by the Hayabusa spacecraft. Compositions of the particles are depleted in 16 O relative to terrestrial materials and indicate that Itokawa, an S-type asteroid, is one of the sources of the LL or L group of equilibrated ordinary chondrites. This is a direct oxygen-isotope link between chondrites and their parent asteroid.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0036-8075 , 1095-9203
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/science.1207776
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 128410-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2066996-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2060783-0
    SSG: 11
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