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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    On the origin of feathers—Response
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2014
    In:  Science Vol. 346, No. 6216 ( 2014-12-19), p. 1466-1467
    Details
    In: Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 346, No. 6216 ( 2014-12-19), p. 1466-1467
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0036-8075 , 1095-9203
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/science.346.6216.1466-c
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 128410-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2066996-3
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Reproduction in Early Amniotes
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2012
    In:  Science Vol. 337, No. 6096 ( 2012-08-17), p. 806-808
    Details
    In: Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 337, No. 6096 ( 2012-08-17), p. 806-808
    Abstract: The conquest of dry land by vertebrate animals began with the evolution of the first four-legged, amphibious animals ∼360 million years ago ( 1 , 2 ). Amniotes originated ∼50 million years later ( 1 ) and have since become the most diverse clade of land-living vertebrates, including mammals, turtles, lizards, snakes, crocodiles, and birds. Evolutionary changes in reproduction were crucial for the move from the sea via swamps to dry land. However, the reproductive structures and early life stages of amniotes fossilize poorly. Exceptional insights into early amniote reproduction are offered by recent fossil discoveries ( 3 – 6 ). The fact that these fossils come from ancient seas and lakes and not from dry land helps to explain the paradox that there is an older fossil record for live-bearing amniotes than for egg laying in amniotes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0036-8075 , 1095-9203
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/science.1224301
    RVK:
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    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2012
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2066996-3
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Early giant reveals faster evolution of large body size in ichthyosaurs than in cetaceans
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2021
    In:  Science Vol. 374, No. 6575 ( 2021-12-24)
    Details
    In: Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 374, No. 6575 ( 2021-12-24)
    Abstract: Body sizes of marine amniotes span six orders of magnitude, yet the factors that governed the evolution of this diversity are largely unknown. High primary production of modern oceans is considered a prerequisite for the emergence of cetacean giants, but that condition cannot explain gigantism in Triassic ichthyosaurs. We describe the new giant ichthyosaur Cymbospondylus youngorum sp. nov. with a 2-meter-long skull from the Middle Triassic Fossil Hill Fauna of Nevada, USA, underscoring rapid size evolution despite the absence of many modern primary producers. Surprisingly, the Fossil Hill Fauna rivaled the composition of modern marine mammal faunas in terms of size range, and energy-flux models suggest that Middle Triassic marine food webs were able to support several large-bodied ichthyosaurs at high trophic levels, shortly after ichthyosaur origins.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0036-8075 , 1095-9203
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/science.abf5787
    RVK:
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Developmental Plasticity in the Life History of a Prosauropod Dinosaur
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2005
    In:  Science Vol. 310, No. 5755 ( 2005-12-16), p. 1800-1802
    Details
    In: Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 310, No. 5755 ( 2005-12-16), p. 1800-1802
    Abstract: Long-bone histology indicates that the most common early dinosaur, the prosauropod Plateosaurus engelhardti from the Upper Triassic of Central Europe, had variable life histories. Although Plateosaurus grew at the fast rates typical for dinosaurs, as indicated by fibrolamellar bone, qualitative (growth stop) and quantitative (growth-mark counts) features of its histology are poorly correlated with body size. Individual life histories of P. engelhardti were influenced by environmental factors, as in modern ectothermic reptiles, but not in mammals, birds, or other dinosaurs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0036-8075 , 1095-9203
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/science.1120125
    RVK:
    TA 1000
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    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2005
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  • 5
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    Science in Pictures: The Fossils of Monte San Giorgio
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 1989
    In:  Scientific American Vol. 260, No. 6 ( 1989-6), p. 74-81
    Details
    In: Scientific American, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 260, No. 6 ( 1989-6), p. 74-81
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0036-8733
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/scientificamerican0689-74
    RVK:
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    WA 15000
    RVK:
    TA 7375
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 1989
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 246-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1413371-4
    SSG: 11
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  • 6
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    Macropredatory ichthyosaur from the Middle Triassic and the origin of modern trophic networks
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2013
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 110, No. 4 ( 2013-01-22), p. 1393-1397
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 110, No. 4 ( 2013-01-22), p. 1393-1397
    Abstract: The biotic recovery from Earth’s most severe extinction event at the Permian-Triassic boundary largely reestablished the preextinction structure of marine trophic networks, with marine reptiles assuming the predator roles. However, the highest trophic level of today's marine ecosystems, i.e., macropredatory tetrapods that forage on prey of similar size to their own, was thus far lacking in the Paleozoic and early Mesozoic. Here we report a top-tier tetrapod predator, a very large ( 〉 8.6 m) ichthyosaur from the early Middle Triassic (244 Ma), of Nevada. This ichthyosaur had a massive skull and large labiolingually flattened teeth with two cutting edges indicative of a macropredatory feeding style. Its presence documents the rapid evolution of modern marine ecosystems in the Triassic where the same level of complexity as observed in today’s marine ecosystems is reached within 8 My after the Permian-Triassic mass extinction and within 4 My of the time reptiles first invaded the sea. This find also indicates that the biotic recovery in the marine realm may have occurred faster compared with terrestrial ecosystems, where the first apex predators may not have evolved before the Carnian.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1216750110
    RVK:
    TA 1000
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    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 209104-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461794-8
    SSG: 11
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  • 7
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    Small body size and extreme cortical bone remodeling indicate phyletic dwarfism in Magyarosaurus dacus (Sauropoda: Titanosauria)
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2010
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 107, No. 20 ( 2010-05-18), p. 9258-9263
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 107, No. 20 ( 2010-05-18), p. 9258-9263
    Abstract: Sauropods were the largest terrestrial tetrapods ( 〉 10 5 kg) in Earth's history and grew at rates that rival those of extant mammals. Magyarosaurus dacus , a titanosaurian sauropod from the Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) of Romania, is known exclusively from small individuals ( 〈 10 3 kg) and conflicts with the idea that all sauropods were massive. The diminutive M. dacus was a classical example of island dwarfism (phyletic nanism) in dinosaurs, but a recent study suggested that the small Romanian titanosaurs actually represent juveniles of a larger-bodied taxon. Here we present strong histological evidence that M. dacus was indeed a dwarf (phyletic nanoid). Bone histological analysis of an ontogenetic series of Magyarosaurus limb bones indicates that even the smallest Magyarosaurus specimens exhibit a bone microstructure identical to fully mature or old individuals of other sauropod taxa. Comparison of histologies with large-bodied sauropods suggests that Magyarosaurus had an extremely reduced growth rate, but had retained high basal metabolic rates typical for sauropods. The uniquely decreased growth rate and diminutive body size in Magyarosaurus were adaptations to life on a Cretaceous island and show that sauropod dinosaurs were not exempt from general ecological principles limiting body size.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1000781107
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2010
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  • 8
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    Sauropod Gigantism
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2008
    In:  Science Vol. 322, No. 5899 ( 2008-10-10), p. 200-201
    Details
    In: Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 322, No. 5899 ( 2008-10-10), p. 200-201
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0036-8075 , 1095-9203
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/science.1160904
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2008
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2066996-3
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    A Fossil Reptile Embryo from the Middle Triassic of the Alps
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 1988
    In:  Science Vol. 239, No. 4841 ( 1988-02-12), p. 780-783
    Details
    In: Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 239, No. 4841 ( 1988-02-12), p. 780-783
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0036-8075 , 1095-9203
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/science.3340859
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Background levels of methane in Mars’ atmosphere show strong seasonal variations
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2018
    In:  Science Vol. 360, No. 6393 ( 2018-06-08), p. 1093-1096
    Details
    In: Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 360, No. 6393 ( 2018-06-08), p. 1093-1096
    Abstract: Variable levels of methane in the martian atmosphere have eluded explanation partly because the measurements are not repeatable in time or location. We report in situ measurements at Gale crater made over a 5-year period by the Tunable Laser Spectrometer on the Curiosity rover. The background levels of methane have a mean value 0.41 ± 0.16 parts per billion by volume (ppbv) (95% confidence interval) and exhibit a strong, repeatable seasonal variation (0.24 to 0.65 ppbv). This variation is greater than that predicted from either ultraviolet degradation of impact-delivered organics on the surface or from the annual surface pressure cycle. The large seasonal variation in the background and occurrences of higher temporary spikes (~7 ppbv) are consistent with small localized sources of methane released from martian surface or subsurface reservoirs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0036-8075 , 1095-9203
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/science.aaq0131
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2018
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2060783-0
    SSG: 11
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