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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Foreign accentedness of English sentences spoken by Japanese EFL learners and Japanese teachers of English: A first report
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2015
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 138, No. 3_Supplement ( 2015-09-01), p. 1946-1946
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 138, No. 3_Supplement ( 2015-09-01), p. 1946-1946
    Abstract: This study reports the results of a foreign-accented-rating experiment that investigate the foreign accentedness of spoken English sentences by two Japanese groups, Japanese EFL learners and Japanese teachers of English. This study aims first to investigate whether spoken English sentences by Japanese teachers of English are judged less foreign-accented than those by Japanese EFL learners, and second to investigate whether American-English listeners rate spoken English sentences by Japanese speakers more severely than Japanese listeners do. The stimuli were five sentences adopted from Flege, Munro, and McKay (1995) spoken by 33 Japanese EFL learners and 33 Japanese teachers of English. Ten American-English speakers and ten Japanese speakers were asked to rate the stimuli presented visually and auditorily by clicking along a line on the computer screen for their ratings. The participants’ original responses were converted to 10 scales and were submitted to the analyses. The results showed that spoken English sentences by Japanese teachers of English were rated significantly less Japanese-accented than those by Japanese EFL learners. The results further revealed that as in the previous studies, the American-English speakers rated spoken English sentences by two Japanese groups significantly more severely than Japanese speakers. [Work supported by JSPS.]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.4934155
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Temperature limits to deep subseafloor life in the Nankai Trough subduction zone
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2020
    In:  Science Vol. 370, No. 6521 ( 2020-12-04), p. 1230-1234
    Details
    In: Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 370, No. 6521 ( 2020-12-04), p. 1230-1234
    Abstract: Microorganisms in marine subsurface sediments substantially contribute to global biomass. Sediments warmer than 40°C account for roughly half the marine sediment volume, but the processes mediated by microbial populations in these hard-to-access environments are poorly understood. We investigated microbial life in up to 1.2-kilometer-deep and up to 120°C hot sediments in the Nankai Trough subduction zone. Above 45°C, concentrations of vegetative cells drop two orders of magnitude and endospores become more than 6000 times more abundant than vegetative cells. Methane is biologically produced and oxidized until sediments reach 80° to 85°C. In 100° to 120°C sediments, isotopic evidence and increased cell concentrations demonstrate the activity of acetate-degrading hyperthermophiles. Above 45°C, populated zones alternate with zones up to 192 meters thick where microbes were undetectable.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0036-8075 , 1095-9203
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/science.abd7934
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 128410-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2066996-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2060783-0
    SSG: 11
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