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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    H7N9 Influenza Viruses Are Transmissible in Ferrets by Respiratory Droplet
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2013
    In:  Science Vol. 341, No. 6144 ( 2013-07-26), p. 410-414
    Details
    In: Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 341, No. 6144 ( 2013-07-26), p. 410-414
    Abstract: A newly emerged H7N9 virus has caused 132 human infections with 37 deaths in China since 18 February 2013. Control measures in H7N9 virus–positive live poultry markets have reduced the number of infections; however, the character of the virus, including its pandemic potential, remains largely unknown. We systematically analyzed H7N9 viruses isolated from birds and humans. The viruses were genetically closely related and bound to human airway receptors; some also maintained the ability to bind to avian airway receptors. The viruses isolated from birds were nonpathogenic in chickens, ducks, and mice; however, the viruses isolated from humans caused up to 30% body weight loss in mice. Most importantly, one virus isolated from humans was highly transmissible in ferrets by respiratory droplet. Our findings indicate nothing to reduce the concern that these viruses can transmit between humans.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0036-8075 , 1095-9203
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/science.1240532
    RVK:
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    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2013
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2066996-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2060783-0
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    In situ structure of intestinal apical surface reveals nanobristles on microvilli
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2022
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 119, No. 24 ( 2022-06-14)
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 119, No. 24 ( 2022-06-14)
    Abstract: Microvilli are actin-bundle-supported membrane protrusions essential for absorption, secretion, and sensation. Microvilli defects cause gastrointestinal disorders; however, mechanisms controlling microvilli formation and organization remain unresolved. Here, we study microvilli by vitrifying the Caenorhabditis elegans larvae and mouse intestinal tissues with high-pressure freezing, thinning them with cryo-focused ion-beam milling, followed by cryo-electron tomography and subtomogram averaging. We find that many radial nanometer bristles referred to as nanobristles project from the lateral surface of nematode and mouse microvilli. The C. elegans nanobristles are 37.5 nm long and 4.5 nm wide. Nanobristle formation requires a protocadherin family protein, CDH-8, in C. elegans . The loss of nanobristles in cdh-8 mutants slows down animal growth and ectopically increases the number of Y-shaped microvilli, the putative intermediate structures if microvilli split from tips. Our results reveal a potential role of nanobristles in separating microvilli and suggest that microvilli division may help generate nascent microvilli with uniformity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2122249119
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    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Recognition without Cued Recall across Chinese and English: Exploring the Role of Phonological, Orthographic, and Semantic Features
    Informa UK Limited ; 2020
    In:  The Journal of General Psychology Vol. 147, No. 1 ( 2020-01-02), p. 62-89
    Details
    In: The Journal of General Psychology, Informa UK Limited, Vol. 147, No. 1 ( 2020-01-02), p. 62-89
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1309 , 1940-0888
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1080/00221309.2019.1635074
    Language: English
    Publisher: Informa UK Limited
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2066585-4
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Spatial confinement of receptor activity by tyrosine phosphatase during directional cell migration
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2020
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 117, No. 25 ( 2020-06-23), p. 14270-14279
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 117, No. 25 ( 2020-06-23), p. 14270-14279
    Abstract: Directional cell migration involves signaling cascades that stimulate actin assembly at the leading edge, and additional pathways must inhibit actin polymerization at the rear. During neuroblast migration in Caenorhabditis elegans , the transmembrane protein MIG-13/Lrp12 acts through the Arp2/3 nucleation-promoting factors WAVE and WASP to guide the anterior migration. Here we show that a tyrosine kinase, SRC-1, directly phosphorylates MIG-13 and promotes its activity on actin assembly at the leading edge. In GFP knockin animals, SRC-1 and MIG-13 distribute along the entire plasma membrane of migrating cells. We reveal that a receptor-like tyrosine phosphatase, PTP-3, maintains the F-actin polarity during neuroblast migration. Recombinant PTP-3 dephosphorylates SRC-1–dependent MIG-13 phosphorylation in vitro. Importantly, the endogenous PTP-3 accumulates at the rear of the migrating neuroblast, and its extracellular domain is essential for directional cell migration. We provide evidence that the asymmetrically localized tyrosine phosphatase PTP-3 spatially restricts MIG-13/Lrp12 receptor activity in migrating cells.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2003019117
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    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2020
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461794-8
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ciliogenesis requires sphingolipid-dependent membrane and axoneme interaction
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2022
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 119, No. 31 ( 2022-08-02)
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 119, No. 31 ( 2022-08-02)
    Abstract: Cilium formation and regeneration requires new protein synthesis, but the underlying cytosolic translational reprogramming remains largely unknown. Using ribosome footprinting, we performed global translatome profiling during cilia regeneration in Chlamydomonas and uncovered that flagellar genes undergo an early transcriptional activation but late translational repression. This pattern guided our identification of sphingolipid metabolism enzymes, including serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT), as essential regulators for ciliogenesis. Cryo-electron tomography showed that ceramide loss abnormally increased the membrane-axoneme distance and generated bulged cilia. We found that ceramides interact with intraflagellar transport (IFT) particle proteins that IFT motors transport along axoneme microtubules (MTs), suggesting that ceramide–IFT particle–IFT motor–MT interactions connect the ciliary membrane with the axoneme to form rod-shaped cilia. SPT-deficient vertebrate cells were defective in ciliogenesis, and SPT mutations from patients with hereditary sensory neuropathy disrupted cilia, which could be restored by sphingolipid supplementation. These results reveal a conserved role of sphingolipid in cilium formation and link compromised sphingolipid production with ciliopathies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2201096119
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 209104-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461794-8
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Transgene-based, female-specific lethality system for genetic sexing of the silkworm, Bombyx mori
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2013
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 110, No. 17 ( 2013-04-23), p. 6766-6770
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 110, No. 17 ( 2013-04-23), p. 6766-6770
    Abstract: Transgene-based genetic sexing methods are being developed for insects of agricultural and public health importance. Male-only rearing has long been sought in sericulture because males show superior economic characteristics, such as better fitness, lower food consumption, and higher silk yield. Here we report the establishment of a transgene-based genetic sexing system for the silkworm, Bombyx mori . We developed a construct in which a positive feedback loop regulated by sex-specific alternative splicing leads to high-level expression of the tetracycline-repressible transactivator in females only. Transgenic animals show female-specific lethality during embryonic and early larval stages, leading to male-only cocoons. This transgene-based female-specific lethal system not only has wide application in sericulture, but also has great potential in lepidopteran pest control.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1221700110
    RVK:
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    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 209104-5
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Silkworm genetic sexing through W chromosome-linked, targeted gene integration
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2018
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 115, No. 35 ( 2018-08-28), p. 8752-8756
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 115, No. 35 ( 2018-08-28), p. 8752-8756
    Abstract: Sex separation methods are critical for genetic sexing systems in commercial insect production and sterile insect techniques. Integration of selectable marker genes into a sex chromosome is particularly useful in insects with a heterogametic sex determination system. Here, we describe targeted gene integration of fluorescent marker expression cassettes into a randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker region in the W chromosome of the lepidopteran model insect Bombyx mori using transcriptional activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN)–mediated genome editing. This silkworm strain shows ubiquitous female-specific red or green fluorescence from the embryonic to adult stages. Furthermore, we developed a binary, female-specific, embryonic lethality system combining the TALEN and the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) technology. This system includes one strain with TALEN-mediated, W-specific Cas9 expression driven by the silkworm germ cell-specific nanos ( nos ) promoter and another strain with U6-derived single-guide RNA (sgRNA) expression targeting transformer 2 ( tra2 ), an essential gene for silkworm embryonic development. Filial 1 (F1) hybrids exhibit complete female-specific lethality during embryonic stages. Our study provides a promising approach for B. mori genetic sexing and sheds light on developing sterile insect techniques in other insect species, especially in lepidopteran pests with WZ/ZZ sex chromosome systems.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1810945115
    RVK:
    TA 1000
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    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 209104-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461794-8
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Discourse Marker Na (那) as an Interpersonal-Level Compensatory Strategy in Clinical Interviews
    Walter de Gruyter GmbH ; 2020
    In:  Chinese Journal of Applied Linguistics Vol. 43, No. 4 ( 2020-11-25), p. 417-438
    Details
    In: Chinese Journal of Applied Linguistics, Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Vol. 43, No. 4 ( 2020-11-25), p. 417-438
    Abstract: Discourse markers (DMs) are characterized by multifunctionality in different contexts. This study addressed the use of the Chinese DM, na (那), as a solution to topical divergence, during clinical interactions with right-hemisphere-damaged (RHD) patients. Drawing on data collected from clinical interviews between psychotherapists and RHD patients, this study examined the functions of na in response to RHD topical divergence, focusing on the topic and attitudinal aspects. It was found that na was mainly employed by psychotherapists to mark a reproffer of interview topics (i. e., an attempt to return to earlier topics), and a display of disalignment and disaffiliation with RHD topical divergence. These functions of na reflect the psychotherapists’ attempts to overcome communicative problems arising from RHD topical divergence, so as to ensure the achievement of the communicative goal. Thus, na can be interpreted as a compensatory strategy for dealing with RHD topical divergence on an interpersonal level. These findings not only expand our knowledge about the function spectrum of na , but also offer insights for RHD patients’ interlocutors to enhance conversational communication with RHD patients via the compensatory strategy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2192-9513 , 2192-9505
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1515/CJAL-2020-0028
    Language: English
    Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Interprotomer disulfide-stabilized variants of the human metapneumovirus fusion glycoprotein induce high titer-neutralizing responses
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2021
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 118, No. 39 ( 2021-09-28)
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 118, No. 39 ( 2021-09-28)
    Abstract: Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a major cause of respiratory disease worldwide, particularly among children and the elderly. Although there is no licensed HMPV vaccine, promising candidates have been identified for related pneumoviruses based on the structure-based stabilization of the fusion (F) glycoprotein trimer, with prefusion-stabilized F glycoprotein trimers eliciting significantly higher neutralizing responses than their postfusion F counterparts. However, immunization with HMPV F trimers in either prefusion or postfusion conformations has been reported to elicit equivalent neutralization responses. Here we investigate the impact of stabilizing disulfides, especially interprotomer disulfides (IP-DSs) linking protomers of the F trimer, on the elicitation of HMPV-neutralizing responses. We designed F trimer disulfides, screened for their expression, and used electron microscopy (EM) to confirm their formation, including that of an unexpected postfusion variant. In mice, IP-DS–stabilized prefusion and postfusion HMPV F elicited significantly higher neutralizing responses than non–IP-DS–stabilized HMPV Fs. In macaques, the impact of IP-DS stabilization was more measured, although IP-DS–stabilized variants of either prefusion or postfusion HMPV F induced neutralizing responses many times the average titers observed in a healthy human cohort. Serological and absorption-based analyses of macaque responses revealed elicited HMPV-neutralizing responses to be absorbed differently by IP-DS–containing and by non–IP-DS–containing postfusion Fs, suggesting IP-DS stabilization to alter not only the immunogenicity of select epitopes but their antigenicity as well. We speculate the observed increase in immunogenicity by IP-DS trimers to be related to reduced interprotomer flexibility within the HMPV F trimer.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2106196118
    RVK:
    TA 1000
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    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 209104-5
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Mass spider silk production through targeted gene replacement in Bombyx mori
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2018
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 115, No. 35 ( 2018-08-28), p. 8757-8762
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 115, No. 35 ( 2018-08-28), p. 8757-8762
    Abstract: Spider silk is one of the best natural fibers and has superior mechanical properties. However, the large-scale harvesting of spider silk by rearing spiders is not feasible, due to their territorial and cannibalistic behaviors. The silkworm, Bombyx mori , has been the most well known silk producer for thousands of years and has been considered an ideal bioreactor for producing exogenous proteins, including spider silk. Previous attempts using transposon-mediated transgenic silkworms to produce spider silk could not achieve efficient yields, due to variable promoter activities and endogenous silk fibroin protein expression. Here, we report a massive spider silk production system in B. mori by using transcription activator-like effector nuclease-mediated homology-directed repair to replace the silkworm fibroin heavy chain gene ( FibH ) with the major ampullate spidroin-1 gene ( MaSp1 ) in the spider Nephila clavipes . We successfully replaced the ∼16-kb endogenous FibH gene with a 1.6-kb MaSp1 gene fused with a 1.1-kb partial FibH sequence and achieved up to 35.2% chimeric MaSp1 protein amounts in transformed cocoon shells. The presence of the MaSp1 peptide significantly changed the mechanical characteristics of the silk fiber, especially the extensibility. Our study provides a native promoter-driven, highly efficient system for expressing the heterologous spider silk gene instead of the transposon-based, random insertion of the spider gene into the silkworm genome. Targeted MaSp1 integration into silkworm silk glands provides a paradigm for the large-scale production of spider silk protein with genetically modified silkworms, and this approach will shed light on developing new biomaterials.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1806805115
    RVK:
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    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 209104-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461794-8
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