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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Highly conductive and elastic nanomembrane for skin electronics
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2021
    In:  Science Vol. 373, No. 6558 ( 2021-08-27), p. 1022-1026
    Details
    In: Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 373, No. 6558 ( 2021-08-27), p. 1022-1026
    Abstract: Skin electronics require stretchable conductors that satisfy metallike conductivity, high stretchability, ultrathin thickness, and facile patternability, but achieving these characteristics simultaneously is challenging. We present a float assembly method to fabricate a nanomembrane that meets all these requirements. The method enables a compact assembly of nanomaterials at the water–oil interface and their partial embedment in an ultrathin elastomer membrane, which can distribute the applied strain in the elastomer membrane and thus lead to a high elasticity even with the high loading of the nanomaterials. Furthermore, the structure allows cold welding and bilayer stacking, resulting in high conductivity. These properties are preserved even after high-resolution patterning by using photolithography. A multifunctional epidermal sensor array can be fabricated with the patterned nanomembranes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0036-8075 , 1095-9203
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/science.abh4357
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2021
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2066996-3
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    De novo mutations across 1,465 diverse genomes reveal mutational insights and reductions in the Amish founder population
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2020
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 117, No. 5 ( 2020-02-04), p. 2560-2569
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 117, No. 5 ( 2020-02-04), p. 2560-2569
    Abstract: De novo mutations (DNMs), or mutations that appear in an individual despite not being seen in their parents, are an important source of genetic variation whose impact is relevant to studies of human evolution, genetics, and disease. Utilizing high-coverage whole-genome sequencing data as part of the Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) Program, we called 93,325 single-nucleotide DNMs across 1,465 trios from an array of diverse human populations, and used them to directly estimate and analyze DNM counts, rates, and spectra. We find a significant positive correlation between local recombination rate and local DNM rate, and that DNM rate explains a substantial portion (8.98 to 34.92%, depending on the model) of the genome-wide variation in population-level genetic variation from 41K unrelated TOPMed samples. Genome-wide heterozygosity does correlate with DNM rate, but only explains 〈 1% of variation. While we are underpowered to see small differences, we do not find significant differences in DNM rate between individuals of European, African, and Latino ancestry, nor across ancestrally distinct segments within admixed individuals. However, we did find significantly fewer DNMs in Amish individuals, even when compared with other Europeans, and even after accounting for parental age and sequencing center. Specifically, we found significant reductions in the number of C→A and T→C mutations in the Amish, which seem to underpin their overall reduction in DNMs. Finally, we calculated near-zero estimates of narrow sense heritability ( h 2 ), which suggest that variation in DNM rate is significantly shaped by nonadditive genetic effects and the environment.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1902766117
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2020
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    SSG: 11
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Temporal variation of transmission loss by internal tide in the southern sea of Jeju island in summer
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2015
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 138, No. 3_Supplement ( 2015-09-01), p. 1930-1930
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 138, No. 3_Supplement ( 2015-09-01), p. 1930-1930
    Abstract: Temporal variations of acoustic transmission loss (TL) affected by internal tide are simulated using oceanic data measured at two sites in the southern sea of Jeju island. Temperature and salinity were measured every hour for 25 hours during July 27th and 28th 2009. The periodic fluctuation of temperature due to the internal tide was observed and its vertical displacement was more than 10m. In order to investigate the variation of TL, acoustic propagation between two measurement sites (3.8 km distance) was computed at a source depth of 10 m. Acoustic propagation model RAM was used for the simulation. Standard deviations of TL variation were 4.2 dB and 3.7 dB for center frequencies of 100 Hz and 1 kHz with 1/3 octave band, respectively. The lower frequency was more correlated with the tidal period than the higher one. Detection range was also varied by the internal tidal, up to 1 km for the 60 dB detection level. These results imply that tidal variation of TL should be considered for acoustic researches at the southern sea of Jeju island. [This work was supported by UD130007DD and IITP-2015-H8601-15-1004.]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.4934083
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2015
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Dysbiosis-induced IL-33 contributes to impaired antiviral immunity in the genital mucosa
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2016
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 113, No. 6 ( 2016-02-09)
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 113, No. 6 ( 2016-02-09)
    Abstract: Commensal microbiota are well known to play an important role in antiviral immunity by providing immune inductive signals; however, the consequence of dysbiosis on antiviral immunity remains unclear. We demonstrate that dysbiosis caused by oral antibiotic treatment directly impairs antiviral immunity following viral infection of the vaginal mucosa. Antibiotic-treated mice succumbed to mucosal herpes simplex virus type 2 infection more rapidly than water-fed mice, and also showed delayed viral clearance at the site of infection. However, innate immune responses, including type I IFN and proinflammatory cytokine production at infection sites, as well as induction of virus-specific CD4 and CD8 T-cell responses in draining lymph nodes, were not impaired in antibiotic-treated mice. By screening the factors controlling antiviral immunity, we found that IL-33, an alarmin released in response to tissue damage, was secreted from vaginal epithelium after the depletion of commensal microbiota. This cytokine suppresses local antiviral immunity by blocking the migration of effector T cells to the vaginal tissue, thereby inhibiting the production of IFN-γ, a critical cytokine for antiviral defense, at local infection sites. These findings provide insight into the mechanisms of homeostasis maintained by commensal bacteria, and reveal a deleterious consequence of dysbiosis in antiviral immune defense.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1518589113
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2016
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    SSG: 11
    SSG: 12
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Iodide management in formamidinium-lead-halide–based perovskite layers for efficient solar cells
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2017
    In:  Science Vol. 356, No. 6345 ( 2017-06-30), p. 1376-1379
    Details
    In: Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 356, No. 6345 ( 2017-06-30), p. 1376-1379
    Abstract: The formation of a dense and uniform thin layer on the substrates is crucial for the fabrication of high-performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs) containing formamidinium with multiple cations and mixed halide anions. The concentration of defect states, which reduce a cell’s performance by decreasing the open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current density, needs to be as low as possible. We show that the introduction of additional iodide ions into the organic cation solution, which are used to form the perovskite layers through an intramolecular exchanging process, decreases the concentration of deep-level defects. The defect-engineered thin perovskite layers enable the fabrication of PSCs with a certified power conversion efficiency of 22.1% in small cells and 19.7% in 1-square-centimeter cells.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0036-8075 , 1095-9203
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/science.aan2301
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 128410-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2066996-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2060783-0
    SSG: 11
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  • 6
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    Computation of bit error rate for underwater communication with and without low-salinity water in the western sea of Jeju.
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2011
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 129, No. 4_Supplement ( 2011-04-01), p. 2667-2667
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 129, No. 4_Supplement ( 2011-04-01), p. 2667-2667
    Abstract: Salinity is one of variables in the empirical formula of the sound speed (SS) of seawater. Its effects on the SS are generally neglected because the average salinity is 34 psu and varies within a few psu seasonally and spatially in the ocean. Recently, low-salinity water around 25 psu flows into the western sea of Jeju Island in Korea due to the Yangtze River flood in China during summer. In this paper, it was analyzed how the low-salinity water affected the SS profile (SSP) and the underwater communication. The SSP was calculated with and without the low-salinity layer, and the communication channel was estimated by the simulated acoustic eigen-rays. The bit error rate (BER) was computed using binary phase-shift keying modulation, and the effects of the low-salinity water on the BER were investigated. The SSP was changed to a positive slope by the low-salinity layer at the sub-surface up to 20 m of depth, forming the acoustic wave guide which mostly resulted in the decrease of the BER. Consequently, this paper suggests that it is important to consider the low-salinity water near Jeju for the underwater acoustic modeling and communication. [Work supported by UD100014DD.]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.3588926
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Otologic Manifestations of Hunter Syndrome and Their Relationship with Speech Development
    S. Karger AG ; 2008
    In:  Audiology and Neurotology Vol. 13, No. 3 ( 2008), p. 206-212
    Details
    In: Audiology and Neurotology, S. Karger AG, Vol. 13, No. 3 ( 2008), p. 206-212
    Abstract: The excessive storage of mucopolysaccharide in Hunter syndrome leads to various otologic manifestations. We interviewed 19 patients with Hunter syndrome to assess their otologic problems, and conducted audiologic tests and temporal bone CT. Patients with the intermediate or severe form exhibited severe speech delay by more than 2 years (12/14 patients). However, in patients with the mild form (5/5), speech development was not much disturbed (2/5), although otoscopic findings were similar. The hearing threshold determined by the auditory brainstem response differed significantly between the mild and intermediate/severe forms (p 〈 0.05). Therefore, patients with the mild form may benefit from active otologic intervention such as VT insertion, amplification, and speech therapy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3030 , 1421-9700
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000113511
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2008
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  • 8
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    Characterization of HPV and host genome interactions in primary head and neck cancers
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2014
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 111, No. 43 ( 2014-10-28), p. 15544-15549
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 111, No. 43 ( 2014-10-28), p. 15544-15549
    Abstract: Previous studies have established that a subset of head and neck tumors contains human papillomavirus (HPV) sequences and that HPV-driven head and neck cancers display distinct biological and clinical features. HPV is known to drive cancer by the actions of the E6 and E7 oncoproteins, but the molecular architecture of HPV infection and its interaction with the host genome in head and neck cancers have not been comprehensively described. We profiled a cohort of 279 head and neck cancers with next generation RNA and DNA sequencing and show that 35 (12.5%) tumors displayed evidence of high-risk HPV types 16, 33, or 35. Twenty-five cases had integration of the viral genome into one or more locations in the human genome with statistical enrichment for genic regions. Integrations had a marked impact on the human genome and were associated with alterations in DNA copy number, mRNA transcript abundance and splicing, and both inter- and intrachromosomal rearrangements. Many of these events involved genes with documented roles in cancer. Cancers with integrated vs. nonintegrated HPV displayed different patterns of DNA methylation and both human and viral gene expressions. Together, these data provide insight into the mechanisms by which HPV interacts with the human genome beyond expression of viral oncoproteins and suggest that specific integration events are an integral component of viral oncogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1416074111
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2014
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    SSG: 11
    SSG: 12
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  • 9
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    Long-term clinical study and multiscale analysis of in vivo biodegradation mechanism of Mg alloy
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2016
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 113, No. 3 ( 2016-01-19), p. 716-721
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 113, No. 3 ( 2016-01-19), p. 716-721
    Abstract: There has been a tremendous amount of research in the past decade to optimize the mechanical properties and degradation behavior of the biodegradable Mg alloy for orthopedic implant. Despite the feasibility of degrading implant, the lack of fundamental understanding about biocompatibility and underlying bone formation mechanism is currently limiting the use in clinical applications. Herein, we report the result of long-term clinical study and systematic investigation of bone formation mechanism of the biodegradable Mg-5wt%Ca-1wt%Zn alloy implant through simultaneous observation of changes in element composition and crystallinity within degrading interface at hierarchical levels. Controlled degradation of Mg-5wt%Ca-1wt%Zn alloy results in the formation of biomimicking calcification matrix at the degrading interface to initiate the bone formation process. This process facilitates early bone healing and allows the complete replacement of biodegradable Mg implant by the new bone within 1 y of implantation, as demonstrated in 53 cases of successful long-term clinical study.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1518238113
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2016
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461794-8
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 12
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  • 10
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    Towards Greater Individualization and Process-Oriented Learning Through Electronic Self-Access: Project “e-daf”
    Informa UK Limited ; 2004
    In:  Computer Assisted Language Learning Vol. 17, No. 1 ( 2004-02), p. 83-108
    Details
    In: Computer Assisted Language Learning, Informa UK Limited, Vol. 17, No. 1 ( 2004-02), p. 83-108
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0958-8221 , 1744-3210
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1076/call.17.1.83.29707
    Language: English
    Publisher: Informa UK Limited
    Publication Date: 2004
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1495560-X
    SSG: 7,11
    SSG: 5,3
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