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  • 1
    In: Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 375, No. 6580 ( 2022-02-04), p. 540-545
    Abstract: A cluster of HIV-infected individuals with high viral loads, rapid CD4 + cell declines, and increased infectivity has been detected in Europe.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0036-8075 , 1095-9203
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 2
    In: Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 378, No. 6615 ( 2022-10-07)
    Abstract: Investment in Africa over the past year with regard to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) sequencing has led to a massive increase in the number of sequences, which, to date, exceeds 100,000 sequences generated to track the pandemic on the continent. These sequences have profoundly affected how public health officials in Africa have navigated the COVID-19 pandemic. RATIONALE We demonstrate how the first 100,000 SARS-CoV-2 sequences from Africa have helped monitor the epidemic on the continent, how genomic surveillance expanded over the course of the pandemic, and how we adapted our sequencing methods to deal with an evolving virus. Finally, we also examine how viral lineages have spread across the continent in a phylogeographic framework to gain insights into the underlying temporal and spatial transmission dynamics for several variants of concern (VOCs). RESULTS Our results indicate that the number of countries in Africa that can sequence the virus within their own borders is growing and that this is coupled with a shorter turnaround time from the time of sampling to sequence submission. Ongoing evolution necessitated the continual updating of primer sets, and, as a result, eight primer sets were designed in tandem with viral evolution and used to ensure effective sequencing of the virus. The pandemic unfolded through multiple waves of infection that were each driven by distinct genetic lineages, with B.1-like ancestral strains associated with the first pandemic wave of infections in 2020. Successive waves on the continent were fueled by different VOCs, with Alpha and Beta cocirculating in distinct spatial patterns during the second wave and Delta and Omicron affecting the whole continent during the third and fourth waves, respectively. Phylogeographic reconstruction points toward distinct differences in viral importation and exportation patterns associated with the Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron variants and subvariants, when considering both Africa versus the rest of the world and viral dissemination within the continent. Our epidemiological and phylogenetic inferences therefore underscore the heterogeneous nature of the pandemic on the continent and highlight key insights and challenges, for instance, recognizing the limitations of low testing proportions. We also highlight the early warning capacity that genomic surveillance in Africa has had for the rest of the world with the detection of new lineages and variants, the most recent being the characterization of various Omicron subvariants. CONCLUSION Sustained investment for diagnostics and genomic surveillance in Africa is needed as the virus continues to evolve. This is important not only to help combat SARS-CoV-2 on the continent but also because it can be used as a platform to help address the many emerging and reemerging infectious disease threats in Africa. In particular, capacity building for local sequencing within countries or within the continent should be prioritized because this is generally associated with shorter turnaround times, providing the most benefit to local public health authorities tasked with pandemic response and mitigation and allowing for the fastest reaction to localized outbreaks. These investments are crucial for pandemic preparedness and response and will serve the health of the continent well into the 21st century. Expanse of SARS-CoV-2 sequencing capacity in Africa. ( A ) African countries (shaded in gray) and institutions (red circles) with on-site sequencing facilities that are capable of producing SARS-CoV-2 whole genomes locally. ( B ) The number of SARS-CoV-2 genomes produced per country and the proportion of those genomes that were produced locally, regionally within Africa, or abroad. ( C ) Decreased turnaround time of sequencing output in Africa to an almost real-time release of genomic data.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0036-8075 , 1095-9203
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    SAGE Publications ; 2016
    In:  Journal of Language and Social Psychology Vol. 35, No. 5 ( 2016-10), p. 529-547
    In: Journal of Language and Social Psychology, SAGE Publications, Vol. 35, No. 5 ( 2016-10), p. 529-547
    Abstract: In this study, we argue that studies in persuasive communication have been undertaken until now without considering enough the main ideas of pragmatics as regards the communication process and the use of language. In particular, we suggest that in this area of research, it could be relevant to ponder the processes involved in the message processing by taking into account the “inferential” and “intentionalist” paradigm of communication. To support our claim, we propose an experimental study designed in the area of health communication which consists in investigating the impact of some linguistic items defined as scalar adverbs on some attitudinal outcomes and the message elaboration. It shows that the introduction of such adverbs in an epidemiological information message increases the self-risk perception, the perceived relevance of the prevention programs, and as regards the message processing, reduces the cognitive elaboration of its content for the benefit of its communicative intention. The persuasiveness of such linguistic items in a preventive message as well as the conditions under which they are likely to act as peripheral cues are addressed in the conclusion of the study.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0261-927X , 1552-6526
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2016
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Hogrefe Publishing Group ; 2012
    In:  Swiss Journal of Psychology Vol. 71, No. 4 ( 2012-10), p. 227-235
    In: Swiss Journal of Psychology, Hogrefe Publishing Group, Vol. 71, No. 4 ( 2012-10), p. 227-235
    Abstract: The binding communication approach is situated at the intersection of research on persuasive communication and commitment. Binding communication refers to the combination of a preparatory act involving commitment and a persuasive message. Two studies showed that differences in attitudes toward recycling (Study 1) or swimming (Study 2) are more likely to occur following a persuasive message combined with a preparatory act involving commitment (i.e., binding communication) as compared to either technique alone. Specifically, in Study 1 we observed a more favorable attitude toward recycling in the binding communication condition compared to the conditions involving only a preparatory act involving commitment or only a persuasive message. In Study 2, we replicated the results of Study 1 and examined the effect on attitudes of performing a preparatory act with a strong versus weak level of commitment when this was preceded versus not preceded by a persuasive message.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1421-0185 , 1662-0879
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    Language: German
    Publisher: Hogrefe Publishing Group
    Publication Date: 2012
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    CAIRN ; 2012
    In:  L’Année psychologique Vol. Vol. 112, No. 1 ( 2012-4-5), p. 115-143
    In: L’Année psychologique, CAIRN, Vol. Vol. 112, No. 1 ( 2012-4-5), p. 115-143
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-5033
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    Language: French
    Publisher: CAIRN
    Publication Date: 2012
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2024
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 121, No. 13 ( 2024-03-26)
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 121, No. 13 ( 2024-03-26)
    Abstract: With ~14,000 extant species, ants are ubiquitous and of tremendous ecological importance. They have undergone remarkable diversification throughout their evolutionary history. However, the drivers of their diversity dynamics are not well quantified or understood. Previous phylogenetic analyses have suggested patterns of diversity dynamics associated with the Angiosperm Terrestrial Revolution (ATR), but these studies have overlooked valuable information from the fossil record. To address this gap, we conducted a comprehensive analysis using a large dataset that includes both the ant fossil record (~24,000 individual occurrences) and neontological data (~14,000 occurrences), and tested four hypotheses proposed for ant diversification: co-diversification, competitive extinction, hyper-specialization, and buffered extinction. Taking into account biases in the fossil record, we found three distinct diversification periods (the latest Cretaceous, Eocene, and Oligo-Miocene) and one extinction period (Late Cretaceous). The competitive extinction hypothesis between stem and crown ants is not supported. Instead, we found support for the co-diversification, buffered extinction, and hyper-specialization hypotheses. The environmental changes of the ATR, mediated by the angiosperm radiation, likely played a critical role in buffering ants against extinction and favoring their diversification by providing new ecological niches, such as forest litter and arboreal nesting sites, and additional resources. We also hypothesize that the decline and extinction of stem ants during the Late Cretaceous was due to their hyper-specialized morphology, which limited their ability to expand their dietary niche in changing environments. This study highlights the importance of a holistic approach when studying the interplay between past environments and the evolutionary trajectories of organisms.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
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    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2024
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  • 7
    In: Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 342, No. 6160 ( 2013-11-15), p. 866-871
    Abstract: Genetic mutations cause primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) that predispose to infections. Here, we describe activated PI3K-δ syndrome (APDS), a PID associated with a dominant gain-of-function mutation in which lysine replaced glutamic acid at residue 1021 (E1021K) in the p110δ protein, the catalytic subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase δ (PI3Kδ), encoded by the PIK3CD gene. We found E1021K in 17 patients from seven unrelated families, but not among 3346 healthy subjects. APDS was characterized by recurrent respiratory infections, progressive airway damage, lymphopenia, increased circulating transitional B cells, increased immunoglobulin M, and reduced immunoglobulin G2 levels in serum and impaired vaccine responses. The E1021K mutation enhanced membrane association and kinase activity of p110δ. Patient-derived lymphocytes had increased levels of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate and phosphorylated AKT protein and were prone to activation-induced cell death. Selective p110δ inhibitors IC87114 and GS-1101 reduced the activity of the mutant enzyme in vitro, which suggested a therapeutic approach for patients with APDS.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0036-8075 , 1095-9203
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2013
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    CAIRN ; 2012
    In:  L’Année psychologique Vol. 112, No. 01 ( 2012-3), p. 115-143
    In: L’Année psychologique, CAIRN, Vol. 112, No. 01 ( 2012-3), p. 115-143
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-5033 , 1955-2580
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    Language: English
    Publisher: CAIRN
    Publication Date: 2012
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  • 9
    In: Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 369, No. 6506 ( 2020-08-21), p. 936-942
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0036-8075 , 1095-9203
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 10
    In: Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 348, No. 6233 ( 2015-04-24), p. 448-453
    Abstract: Severe influenza disease strikes otherwise healthy children and remains unexplained. We report compound heterozygous null mutations in IRF7 , which encodes the transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 7, in an otherwise healthy child who suffered life-threatening influenza during primary infection. In response to influenza virus, the patient’s leukocytes and plasmacytoid dendritic cells produced very little type I and III interferons (IFNs). Moreover, the patient’s dermal fibroblasts and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)–derived pulmonary epithelial cells produced reduced amounts of type I IFN and displayed increased influenza virus replication. These findings suggest that IRF7-dependent amplification of type I and III IFNs is required for protection against primary infection by influenza virus in humans. They also show that severe influenza may result from single-gene inborn errors of immunity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0036-8075 , 1095-9203
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015
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