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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Brain Locus of Interaction between Number and Size: A Combined Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Event-related Potential Study
    MIT Press ; 2007
    In:  Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Vol. 19, No. 6 ( 2007-06-01), p. 957-970
    Details
    In: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, MIT Press, Vol. 19, No. 6 ( 2007-06-01), p. 957-970
    Abstract: Whether the human brain is equipped with a special neural substrate for numbers, or rather with a common neural substrate for processing of several types of magnitudes, has been the topic of a long-standing debate. The present study addressed this question by using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and event-related potentials (ERPs) together with the size-congruity paradigm, a Stroop-like task in which numerical values and physical sizes were varied independently. In the fMRI experiment, a region-of-interest analysis of the primary motor cortex revealed interference effects in the hemisphere ipsilateral to the response hand, indicating that the stimulus-stimulus conflict between numerical and physical magnitude is not completely resolved until response initiation. This result supports the assumption of distinct comparison mechanisms for physical size and numerical value. In the ERP experiment, the cognitive load was manipulated in order to probe the degree to which information processing is shared across cognitive systems. As in the fMRI experiment, we found that the stimulus-stimulus conflict between numerical and physical magnitude is not completely resolved until response initiation. However, such late interaction was found only in the low cognitive load condition. In contrast, in the high load condition, physical and numerical dimensions interacted only at the comparison stage. We concluded that the processing of magnitude can be subserved by shared or distinct neural substrates, depending on task requirements.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0898-929X , 1530-8898
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1162/jocn.2007.19.6.957
    Language: English
    Publisher: MIT Press
    Publication Date: 2007
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Neuronal Correlate of Bidirectional Synesthesia: A Combined Event-related Potential and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study
    MIT Press ; 2007
    In:  Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Vol. Early Access, No. Early Access ( 2007-09-24), p. 080219115128817-10
    Details
    In: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, MIT Press, Vol. Early Access, No. Early Access ( 2007-09-24), p. 080219115128817-10
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0898-929X , 1530-8898
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1162/jocn.ahead-of-print
    DOI: 10.1162/jocn.2007.91202
    Language: English
    Publisher: MIT Press
    Publication Date: 2007
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Task-dependent Activation of Face-sensitive Cortex: An fMRI Adaptation Study
    MIT Press ; 2010
    In:  Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Vol. 22, No. 5 ( 2010-05-01), p. 903-917
    Details
    In: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, MIT Press, Vol. 22, No. 5 ( 2010-05-01), p. 903-917
    Abstract: Face processing in the human brain recruits a widespread cortical network based mainly in the ventral and lateral temporal and occipital lobes. However, the extent to which activity within this network is driven by different face properties versus being determined by the manner in which faces are processed (as determined by task requirements) remains unclear. We combined a functional magnetic resonance adaptation paradigm with three target detection tasks, where participants had to detect a specific identity, emotional expression, or direction of gaze, while the task-irrelevant face properties varied independently. Our analysis focused on differentiating the influence of task demands and the processing of stimulus changes within the neural network underlying face processing. Results indicated that the fusiform and inferior occipital gyrus do not respond as a function of stimulus change (such as identity), but rather their activity depends on the task demands. Specifically, we hypothesize that, whether the task encourages a configural- or a featural-processing strategy determines activation. Our results for the superior temporal sulcus were even more specific in that we only found greater responses to stimulus changes that may engage featural processing. These results contribute to our understanding of the functional anatomy of face processing and provide insights into possible compensatory mechanisms in face processing.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0898-929X , 1530-8898
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1162/jocn.2009.21224
    Language: English
    Publisher: MIT Press
    Publication Date: 2010
    SSG: 5,2
    SSG: 7,11
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Neuronal Correlate of Bidirectional Synesthesia: A Combined Event-related Potential and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study
    MIT Press ; 2007
    In:  Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Vol. 19, No. 12 ( 2007-12-01), p. 2050-2059
    Details
    In: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, MIT Press, Vol. 19, No. 12 ( 2007-12-01), p. 2050-2059
    Abstract: The neuronal correlate of a rare explicit bidirectional synesthesia was investigated with numerical and physical size comparison tasks using both functional magnetic resonance imaging and event-related potentials. Interestingly, although participant I.S. exhibited similar congruity effects for both tasks at the behavioral level, subsequent analyses of the imaging data revealed that different brain areas were recruited for each task, and in different time windows. The results support: (1) the genuineness of bidirectional synesthesia at the neuronal level, (2) the possibility that discrepancy in the neuronal correlates of synesthesia between previous studies might be task-related, and (3) the possibility that synesthesia might not be a unitary phenomenon.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0898-929X , 1530-8898
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1162/jocn.2007.19.12.2050
    Language: English
    Publisher: MIT Press
    Publication Date: 2007
    SSG: 5,2
    SSG: 7,11
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Suboptimal Engagement of High-Level Cortical Regions Predicts Random-Noise-Related Gains in Sustained Attention
    SAGE Publications ; 2019
    In:  Psychological Science Vol. 30, No. 9 ( 2019-09), p. 1318-1332
    Details
    In: Psychological Science, SAGE Publications, Vol. 30, No. 9 ( 2019-09), p. 1318-1332
    Abstract: Interindividual variability in outcomes across individuals poses great challenges for the application of noninvasive brain stimulation in psychological research. Here, we examined how the effects of high-frequency transcranial random-noise stimulation (tRNS) on sustained attention varied as a function of a well-studied electrocortical marker: spontaneous theta:beta ratio. Seventy-two participants received sham, 1-mA, and 2-mA tRNS in a double-blind, crossover manner while they performed a sustained-attention task. Receiving 1-mA tRNS was associated with improved sustained attention, whereas the effect of 2-mA tRNS was similar to the effect of sham tRNS. Furthermore, individuals’ baseline theta:beta ratio moderated the effects of 1-mA tRNS and provided explanatory power beyond baseline behavioral performance. The tRNS-related effects on sustained attention were also accompanied by reductions in theta:beta ratio. These findings impart novel insights into mechanisms underlying tRNS effects and emphasize how designing studies that link variability in cognitive outcomes to variability in neurophysiology can improve inferential power in neurocognitive research.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0956-7976 , 1467-9280
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0956797619856658
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2022256-7
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Common Representation for Semantic and Physical Properties : A Cognitive-Anatomical Approach
    Hogrefe Publishing Group ; 2006
    In:  Experimental Psychology Vol. 53, No. 2 ( 2006-01), p. 87-94
    Details
    In: Experimental Psychology, Hogrefe Publishing Group, Vol. 53, No. 2 ( 2006-01), p. 87-94
    Abstract: This is the first report of a mutual interference between luminance and numerical value in magnitude judgments. Instead of manipulating the physical size of compared numbers, which is the traditional approach in size congruity studies, luminance levels were manipulated. The results yielded the classical congruity effect. Participants took more time to process numerically larger numbers when they were brighter than when they were darker, and more time to process a darker number when its numerical value was smaller than when it was larger. On the basis of neurophysiological studies of magnitude comparison and interference between semantic and physical information, it is proposed that the processing of semantic and physical magnitude information is carried out by a shared brain structure. It is suggested that this brain area, the left intraparietal sulcus, subserves various comparison processes by representing various quantities on an amodal magnitude scale.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1618-3169 , 2190-5142
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1027/1618-3169.53.2.87
    RVK:
    CL 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Hogrefe Publishing Group
    Publication Date: 2006
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    SSG: 2,1
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Modulating and enhancing cognition using brain stimulation: Science and fiction
    Informa UK Limited ; 2015
    In:  Journal of Cognitive Psychology Vol. 27, No. 2 ( 2015-02-17), p. 141-163
    Details
    In: Journal of Cognitive Psychology, Informa UK Limited, Vol. 27, No. 2 ( 2015-02-17), p. 141-163
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2044-5911 , 2044-592X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1080/20445911.2014.996569
    Language: English
    Publisher: Informa UK Limited
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2646519-X
    SSG: 5,2
    SSG: 7,11
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cognitive Enhancement or Cognitive Cost: Trait-Specific Outcomes of Brain Stimulation in the Case of Mathematics Anxiety
    Society for Neuroscience ; 2014
    In:  The Journal of Neuroscience Vol. 34, No. 50 ( 2014-12-10), p. 16605-16610
    Details
    In: The Journal of Neuroscience, Society for Neuroscience, Vol. 34, No. 50 ( 2014-12-10), p. 16605-16610
    Abstract: The surge in noninvasive brain stimulation studies investigating cognitive enhancement has neglected the effect of interindividual differences, such as traits, on stimulation outcomes. Using the case of mathematics anxiety in a sample of healthy human participants in a placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover experiment, we show that identical transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) exerts opposite behavioral and physiological effects depending on individual trait levels. Mathematics anxiety is the negative emotional response elicited by numerical tasks, impairing mathematical achievement. tDCS was applied to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, a frequent target for modulating emotional regulation. It improved reaction times on simple arithmetic decisions and decreased cortisol concentrations (a biomarker of stress) in high mathematics anxiety individuals. In contrast, tDCS impaired reaction times for low mathematics anxiety individuals and prevented a decrease in cortisol concentration compared with sham stimulation. Both groups showed a tDCS-induced side effect—impaired executive control in a flanker task—a cognitive function subserved by the stimulated region. These behavioral and physiological double dissociations have implications for brain stimulation research by highlighting the role of individual traits in experimental findings. Brain stimulation clearly does not produce uniform benefits, even applied in the same configuration during the same tasks, but may interact with traits to produce markedly opposed outcomes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0270-6474 , 1529-2401
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3129-14.2014
    Language: English
    Publisher: Society for Neuroscience
    Publication Date: 2014
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    SSG: 12
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The link between mental rotation ability and basic numerical representations
    Elsevier BV ; 2013
    In:  Acta Psychologica Vol. 144, No. 2 ( 2013-10), p. 324-331
    Details
    In: Acta Psychologica, Elsevier BV, Vol. 144, No. 2 ( 2013-10), p. 324-331
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-6918
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2013.05.009
    RVK:
    CN 3000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2013
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1480049-4
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The impact of a lack of mathematical education on brain development and future attainment
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2021
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 118, No. 24 ( 2021-06-15)
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 118, No. 24 ( 2021-06-15)
    Abstract: Formal education has a long-term impact on an individual’s life. However, our knowledge of the effect of a specific lack of education, such as in mathematics, is currently poor but is highly relevant given the extant differences between countries in their educational curricula and the differences in opportunities to access education. Here we examined whether neurotransmitter concentrations in the adolescent brain could classify whether a student is lacking mathematical education. Decreased γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentration within the middle frontal gyrus (MFG) successfully classified whether an adolescent studies math and was negatively associated with frontoparietal connectivity. In a second experiment, we uncovered that our findings were not due to preexisting differences before a mathematical education ceased. Furthermore, we showed that MFG GABA not only classifies whether an adolescent is studying math or not, but it also predicts the changes in mathematical reasoning ∼19 mo later. The present results extend previous work in animals that has emphasized the role of GABA neurotransmission in synaptic and network plasticity and highlight the effect of a specific lack of education on MFG GABA concentration and learning-dependent plasticity. Our findings reveal the reciprocal effect between brain development and education and demonstrate the negative consequences of a specific lack of education during adolescence on brain plasticity and cognitive functions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2013155118
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2021
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461794-8
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 12
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