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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2015
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 112, No. 50 ( 2015-12-15), p. 15426-15431
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 112, No. 50 ( 2015-12-15), p. 15426-15431
    Abstract: In this study, we present a method for assembling biofunctionalized paper into a multiform structured scaffold system for reliable tissue regeneration using an origami-based approach. The surface of a paper was conformally modified with a poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride) layer via initiated chemical vapor deposition followed by the immobilization of poly- l -lysine (PLL) and deposition of Ca 2+ . This procedure ensures the formation of alginate hydrogel on the paper due to Ca 2+ diffusion. Furthermore, strong adhesion of the alginate hydrogel on the paper onto the paper substrate was achieved due to an electrostatic interaction between the alginate and PLL. The developed scaffold system was versatile and allowed area-selective cell seeding. Also, the hydrogel-laden paper could be folded freely into 3D tissue-like structures using a simple origami-based method. The cylindrically constructed paper scaffold system with chondrocytes was applied into a three-ring defect trachea in rabbits. The transplanted engineered tissues replaced the native trachea without stenosis after 4 wks. As for the custom-built scaffold system, the hydrogel-laden paper system will provide a robust and facile method for the formation of tissues mimicking native tissue constructs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
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    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2015
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  • 2
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 112, No. 47 ( 2015-11-24)
    Abstract: Copy number variations (CNVs) have been implicated in human diseases. However, it remains unclear how they affect immune dysfunction and autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Here, we identified a novel leukocyte-specific protein 1 ( LSP1 ) deletion variant for RA susceptibility located in 11p15.5. We replicated that the copy number of LSP1 gene is significantly lower in patients with RA, which correlates positively with LSP1 protein expression levels. Differentially expressed genes in Lsp1- deficient primary T cells represent cell motility and immune and cytokine responses. Functional assays demonstrated that LSP1, induced by T-cell receptor activation, negatively regulates T-cell migration by reducing ERK activation in vitro. In mice with T-cell–dependent chronic inflammation, loss of Lsp1 promotes migration of T cells into the target tissues as well as draining lymph nodes, exacerbating disease severity. Moreover, patients with RA show diminished expression of LSP1 in peripheral T cells with increased migratory capacity, suggesting that the defect in LSP1 signaling lowers the threshold for T-cell activation. To our knowledge, our work is the first to demonstrate how CNVs result in immune dysfunction and a disease phenotype. Particularly, our data highlight the importance of LSP1 CNVs and LSP1 insufficiency in the pathogenesis of RA and provide previously unidentified insights into the mechanisms underlying T-cell migration toward the inflamed synovium in RA.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
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    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 209104-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461794-8
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  • 3
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 108, No. 7 ( 2011-02-15), p. 2662-2667
    Abstract: For ultrasensitive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic nanoparticles with extremely high r2 relaxivity are strongly desired. Magnetosome-like nanoparticles were prepared by coating polyethylene glycol-phospholipid (PEG-phospholipid) onto ferrimagnetic iron oxide nanocubes (FIONs). FIONs exhibited a very high relaxivity (r2) of 324 mM -1  s -1 , allowing efficient labeling of various kinds of cells. The magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of single cells labeled with FIONs is demonstrated not only in vitro but also in vivo. Pancreatic islet grafts and their rejection could be imaged using FIONs on a 1.5 T clinical MRI scanner. The strong contrast effect of FIONs enabled MR imaging of transplanted islets in small rodents as well as in large animals. Therefore, we expect that MR imaging of pancreatic islet grafts using FIONs has the potentials for clinical applications. Furthermore, FIONs will enable highly sensitive noninvasive assessment after cell transplantation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
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    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 209104-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461794-8
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2018
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 115, No. 5 ( 2018-01-30)
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 115, No. 5 ( 2018-01-30)
    Abstract: Emotional responses, such as fear and anxiety, are fundamentally important behavioral phenomena with strong fitness components in most animal species. Anxiety-related disorders continue to represent a major unmet medical need in our society, mostly because we still do not fully understand the mechanisms of these diseases. Animal models may speed up discovery of these mechanisms. The zebrafish is a highly promising model organism in this field. Here, we report the identification of a chemokine-like gene family, samdori ( sam ), and present functional characterization of one of its members, sam2 . We show exclusive mRNA expression of s am2 in the CNS, predominantly in the dorsal habenula, telencephalon, and hypothalamus. We found knockout (KO) zebrafish to exhibit altered anxiety-related responses in the tank, scototaxis and shoaling assays, and increased crh mRNA expression in their hypothalamus compared with wild-type fish. To investigate generalizability of our findings to mammals, we developed a Sam2 KO mouse and compared it to wild-type littermates. Consistent with zebrafish findings, homozygous KO mice exhibited signs of elevated anxiety. We also found bath application of purified SAM2 protein to increase inhibitory postsynaptic transmission onto CRH neurons of the paraventricular nucleus. Finally, we identified a human homolog of SAM2 , and were able to refine a candidate gene region encompassing SAM2 , among 21 annotated genes, which is associated with intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder in the 12q14.1 deletion syndrome. Taken together, these results suggest a crucial and evolutionarily conserved role of sam2 in regulating mechanisms associated with anxiety.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
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    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2018
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2016
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 113, No. 38 ( 2016-09-20), p. 10672-10677
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 113, No. 38 ( 2016-09-20), p. 10672-10677
    Abstract: Pulmonary sclerosing hemangioma (PSH) is a benign tumor with two cell populations (epithelial and stromal cells), for which genomic profiles remain unknown. We conducted exome sequencing of 44 PSHs and identified recurrent somatic mutations of AKT1 (43.2%) and β-catenin (4.5%). We used a second subset of 24 PSHs to confirm the high frequency of AKT1 mutations (overall 31/68, 45.6%; p.E17K, 33.8%) and recurrent β-catenin mutations (overall 3 of 68, 4.4%). Of the PSHs without AKT1 mutations, two exhibited AKT1 copy gain. AKT1 mutations existed in both epithelial and stromal cells. In two separate PSHs from one patient, we observed two different AKT1 mutations, indicating they were not disseminated but independent arising tumors. Because the AKT1 mutations were not found to co-occur with β-catenin mutations (or any other known driver alterations) in any of the PSHs studied, we speculate that this may be the single-most common driver alteration to develop PSHs. Our study revealed genomic differences between PSHs and lung adenocarcinomas, including a high rate of AKT1 mutation in PSHs. These genomic features of PSH identified in the present study provide clues to understanding the biology of PSH and for differential genomic diagnosis of lung tumors.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
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    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2016
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461794-8
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  • 6
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 109, No. 9 ( 2012-02-28), p. 3299-3304
    Abstract: Repeat proteins have recently been of great interest as potential alternatives to immunoglobulin antibodies due to their unique structural and biophysical features. We here present the development of a binding scaffold based on variable lymphocyte receptors, which are nonimmunoglobulin antibodies composed of Leucine-rich repeat modules in jawless vertebrates, by module engineering. A template scaffold was first constructed by joining consensus repeat modules between the N- and C-capping motifs of variable lymphocyte receptors. The N-terminal domain of the template scaffold was redesigned based on the internalin-B cap by analyzing the modular similarity between the respective repeat units using a computational approach. The newly designed scaffold, termed “Repebody,” showed a high level of soluble expression in bacteria, displaying high thermodynamic and pH stabilities. Ease of molecular engineering was shown by designing repebodies specific for myeloid differentiation protein-2 and hen egg lysozyme, respectively, by a rational approach. The crystal structures of designed repebodies were determined to elucidate the structural features and interaction interfaces. We demonstrate general applicability of the scaffold by selecting repebodies with different binding affinities for interleukin-6 using phage display.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
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    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 209104-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461794-8
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  • 7
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 117, No. 1 ( 2020-01-07), p. 584-594
    Abstract: In this study, we provide critical evidence that STAT2 stability regulation plays an essential role in melanoma cell proliferation and colony growth. We found that the interaction of FBXW7 and STAT2 induced STAT2 destabilization via a ubiquitination-mediated proteasomal degradation pathway. Notably, GSK3β-mediated STAT2 phosphorylation facilitated STAT2–FBXW7 interactions via the DNA binding domain of STAT2 and domains 1, 2, 6, and 7 of FBXW7 WD40. Importantly, the inverse correlation between protein levels of STAT2 and FBXW7 were observed not only in human melanoma cells but also in a human skin cancer tissue array. The relationship between protein levels of STAT2 and FBXW7, cell proliferation, and colony growth were similarly observed in the melanoma cell lines SK-MEL-2, -5, and -28. Moreover, STAT2 knockdown in melanoma cells suppressed melanoma cell proliferation and colony formation. These data demonstrated that FBXW7-mediated STAT2 stability regulation plays an essential role in melanoma cell proliferation and cancer growth.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
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    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 209104-5
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  • 8
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 106, No. 14 ( 2009-04-07), p. 5978-5983
    Abstract: We found that Arabidopsis AtTDX, a heat-stable and plant-specific thioredoxin (Trx)-like protein, exhibits multiple functions, acting as a disulfide reductase, foldase chaperone, and holdase chaperone. The activity of AtTDX, which contains 3 tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domains and a Trx motif, depends on its oligomeric status. The disulfide reductase and foldase chaperone functions predominate when AtTDX occurs in the low molecular weight (LMW) form, whereas the holdase chaperone function predominates in the high molecular weight (HMW) complexes. Because deletion of the TPR domains results in a significant enhancement of AtTDX disulfide reductase activity and complete loss of the holdase chaperone function, our data suggest that the TPR domains of AtTDX block the active site of Trx and play a critical role in promoting the holdase chaperone function. The oligomerization status of AtTDX is reversibly regulated by heat shock, which causes a transition from LMW to HMW complexes with concomitant functional switching from a disulfide reductase and foldase chaperone to a holdase chaperone. Overexpression of AtTDX in Arabidopsis conferred enhanced heat shock resistance to plants, primarily via its holdase chaperone activity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
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    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2009
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  • 9
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 119, No. 30 ( 2022-07-26)
    Abstract: The major challenges in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) management are local or distant metastasis and limited targeted therapeutics to prevent it. To identify a druggable target in tumor secretome and to explore its therapeutic intervention, we performed a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)–based proteomic analysis of tumors obtained from a patient-derived xenograft model of PDAC. Galectin-3 binding protein (Gal-3BP) is identified as a highly secreted protein, and its overexpression is further validated in multiple PDAC tumors and primary cells. Knockdown and exogenous treatment of Gal-3BP showed that it is required for PDAC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Mechanistically, we revealed that Gal-3BP enhances galectin-3–mediated epidermal growth factor receptor signaling, leading to increased cMyc and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. To explore the clinical impact of these findings, two antibody clones were developed, and they profoundly abrogated the metastasis of PDAC cells in vivo. Altogether, our data demonstrate that Gal-3BP is an important therapeutic target in PDAC, and we propose its blockade by antibody as a therapeutic option for suppressing PDAC metastasis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
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    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2020
    In:  Science Vol. 367, No. 6474 ( 2020-01-10), p. 205-210
    In: Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 367, No. 6474 ( 2020-01-10), p. 205-210
    Abstract: Despite the importance of glucose and amino acids for energy metabolism, interactions between the two nutrients are not well understood. We provide evidence for a role of leucyl-tRNA synthetase 1 (LARS1) in glucose-dependent control of leucine usage. Upon glucose starvation, LARS1 was phosphorylated by Unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1 (ULK1) at the residues crucial for leucine binding. The phosphorylated LARS1 showed decreased leucine binding, which may inhibit protein synthesis and help save energy. Leucine that is not used for anabolic processes may be available for catabolic pathway energy generation. The LARS1-mediated changes in leucine utilization might help support cell survival under glucose deprivation. Thus, depending on glucose availability, LARS1 may help regulate whether leucine is used for protein synthesis or energy production.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0036-8075 , 1095-9203
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2020
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2066996-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2060783-0
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