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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Acoustic phonetic study of phonemes and tonemes of spoken Punjabi language
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2016
    In:  Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 139, No. 4_Supplement ( 2016-04-01), p. 2214-2214
    Details
    In: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 139, No. 4_Supplement ( 2016-04-01), p. 2214-2214
    Abstract: Punjabi language is one of the important languages among 22 official languages in India. It is spoken by about 105 million people in India. The present paper describes a study and results of detailed acoustic analysis of vowels, consonantal phonemes and tonemes as spoken by the speakers of Malwai dialect of Punjabi language. A database of 1500 words containing all the phonemes and tonemes, selected from a text corpus of 300, 000 words were used for the study. These words were recorded and segmented by using signal processing tools to analyze the samples of speech. Fundamental frequency, first three formants, and bandwidths for nasal and non-nasal vowels were measured. For the study of consonants, duration of sub-phonemic segments such as occlusion, burst, and VOT have been computed and compared. Special features of tonemes have been studied and compared with non-tonal phonemic segments. Tones are fully phonemic and words with similar spellings are distinguished by varying tones- low, mid, and high and corresponding accent marks. It has been observed that intonation plays a significant role in the discrimination of phonemes and tonemes. These results can be used to create PLS and phonetic dictionary of Punjabi speech.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.4950619
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Unraveling the disease consequences and mechanisms of modular structure in animal social networks
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2017
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 114, No. 16 ( 2017-04-18), p. 4165-4170
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 114, No. 16 ( 2017-04-18), p. 4165-4170
    Abstract: Disease risk is a potential cost of group living. Although modular organization is thought to reduce this cost in animal societies, empirical evidence toward this hypothesis has been conflicting. We analyzed empirical social networks from 43 animal species to motivate our study of the epidemiological consequences of modular structure in animal societies. From these empirical studies, we identified the features of interaction patterns associated with network modularity and developed a theoretical network model to investigate when and how subdivisions in social networks influence disease dynamics. Contrary to prior work, we found that disease risk is largely unaffected by modular structure, although social networks beyond a modular threshold experience smaller disease burden and longer disease duration. Our results illustrate that the lowering of disease burden in highly modular social networks is driven by two mechanisms of modular organization: network fragmentation and subgroup cohesion. Highly fragmented social networks with cohesive subgroups are able to structurally trap infections within a few subgroups and also cause a structural delay to the spread of disease outbreaks. Finally, we show that network models incorporating modular structure are necessary only when prior knowledge suggests that interactions within the population are highly subdivided. Otherwise, null networks based on basic knowledge about group size and local contact heterogeneity may be sufficient when data-limited estimates of epidemic consequences are necessary. Overall, our work does not support the hypothesis that modular structure universally mitigates the disease impact of group living.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1613616114
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 209104-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461794-8
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Acoustic phonetic study of phonemes and tonemes of spoken Punjabi language
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2016
    In:  Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 140, No. 4_Supplement ( 2016-10-01), p. 3105-3105
    Details
    In: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 140, No. 4_Supplement ( 2016-10-01), p. 3105-3105
    Abstract: Punjabi language is one of the important languages among 22 official languages in India. It is spoken by about 105 million people in India. The present paper describes a study and results of detailed acoustic analysis of vowels, consonantal phonemes and tonemes as spoken by the speakers of Malwai dialect of Punjabi language. A database of 1500 words containing all the phonemes and tonemes, selected from a text corpus of 300,000 words were used for the study. These words were recorded and segmented by usingsignal processing tools to analyze the samples of speech. Fundamental frequency, first three formants, and bandwidths for nasal and non-nasal vowels were measured. For the study of consonants, duration of sub-phonemic segments such as occlusion, burst, and VOT have been computed and compared. Special features of tonemes have been studied and compared with non-tonal phonemic segments. Tones are fully phonemic and words with similar spellings are distinguished by varying tones: low, mid, and high and corresponding accent marks. It has been observed that intonation plays a significant role in the discrimination of phonemes and tonemes. These results can be used to create PLS and phonetic dictionary of Punjabi speech.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.4969691
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    Online Resource
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Acoustic analysis of oral and nasal Hindi vowels spoken by native and non-native speakers
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2016
    In:  Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 140, No. 4_Supplement ( 2016-10-01), p. 3338-3338
    Details
    In: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 140, No. 4_Supplement ( 2016-10-01), p. 3338-3338
    Abstract: This paper presents acoustic analysis of Hindi oral and nasal vowels as spoken by the native Hindi speakers and non-native speakers belonging to Punjabi and Nepali linguistic backgrounds. The objective of the study is to determine the measurable acoustic parameters of Hindi vowel sounds which can be used to distinguish oral and nasal vowels by Hindi speakers on one hand and the effect on these parameters due to non-native speakers on the other hand. The database consists of 150 phonetically rich sentences uttered by 10 speakers of each language in a sound treated room. These were analysed using PRATT and Wave Surfer software tools. Five long Hindi vowels (oral as well as nasalized) i.e. /i/, /ɛ/, /a/, /ɔ/ and /u/ were selected for this study and segmented from the sentence utterances. The parameters such as frequencies, amplitude of formants and the pitch and intensity values at the steadiest portion of the vowels were computed. The results show several parameters which distinguishes oral vowel from Nasal vowels as well as the effect of languages of Non-native speakers on Hindi Vowels. Significant observations and the results of the study have been discussed in detail in this paper.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.4970648
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Modeling infectious disease dynamics in the complex landscape of global health
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2015
    In:  Science Vol. 347, No. 6227 ( 2015-03-13)
    Details
    In: Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 347, No. 6227 ( 2015-03-13)
    Abstract: Despite some notable successes in the control of infectious diseases, transmissible pathogens still pose an enormous threat to human and animal health. The ecological and evolutionary dynamics of infections play out on a wide range of interconnected temporal, organizational, and spatial scales, which span hours to months, cells to ecosystems, and local to global spread. Moreover, some pathogens are directly transmitted between individuals of a single species, whereas others circulate among multiple hosts, need arthropod vectors, or can survive in environmental reservoirs. Many factors, including increasing antimicrobial resistance, increased human connectivity and changeable human behavior, elevate prevention and control from matters of national policy to international challenge. In the face of this complexity, mathematical models offer valuable tools for synthesizing information to understand epidemiological patterns, and for developing quantitative evidence for decision-making in global health.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0036-8075 , 1095-9203
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa4339
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 128410-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2066996-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2060783-0
    SSG: 11
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Hidden Markov Model based speaker identification system using mobile phone database of North Atlantic Treaty Organization words
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2013
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 133, No. 5_Supplement ( 2013-05-01), p. 3247-3247
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 133, No. 5_Supplement ( 2013-05-01), p. 3247-3247
    Abstract: This paper describes results of an experiment to conduct text independent speaker identification of large number of speakers (about 100) using a standard vocabulary of about 23 NATO words—such as Alfa, Bravo, etc. These words in isolation were spoken in a sound treated room by Hindi natives having very good education in English (both males and females) and recorded by a three channel data recording system—the cardioid microphone, electret condenser microphone, and a NOKIA mobile telephone. The pre-processed digitized database of isolated words was further processed to determine 39 MFCC's and their derivatives and used to build an HMM model for each speaker based on all the words. The HMM model was trained using an HTK tool kit to generate the model parameters and tested using Viterbi algorithm. The identification of speakers was done in a closed set manner, based on comparison of each NATO word in the model. In addition to correct identification, false acceptance and false rejection scores were also found. The results show varying performance due to variations in channels, male/female speakers. The overall identification scores vary between 60% and 70%. The paper gives detailed analysis of results.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.4805213
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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