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  • The Royal Society  (4)
  • Linguistics  (4)
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  • The Royal Society  (4)
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  • Linguistics  (4)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Three-dimensional magnetic reconnection in astrophysical plasmas
    The Royal Society ; 2021
    In:  Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences Vol. 477, No. 2249 ( 2021-05)
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, The Royal Society, Vol. 477, No. 2249 ( 2021-05)
    Abstract: Magnetic reconnection is a fundamental process in laboratory, magnetospheric, solar and astrophysical plasmas, whereby magnetic energy is converted into heat, bulk kinetic energy and fast particle energy. Its nature in two dimensions is much better understood than that in three dimensions, where its character is completely different and has many diverse aspects that are currently being explored. Here, we focus on the magnetohydrodynamics of three-dimensional reconnection in the plasma environment of the Solar System, especially solar flares. The theory of reconnection at null points, separators and quasi-separators is described, together with accounts of numerical simulations and observations of these three types of reconnection. The distinction between separator and quasi-separator reconnection is a theoretical one that is unimportant for the observations of energy release. A new paradigm for solar flares, in which three-dimensional reconnection plays a central role, is proposed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1364-5021 , 1471-2946
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2020.0949
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Royal Society
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 209241-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1460987-3
    SSG: 11
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    Online Resource
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    InGaN-based vertical light-emitting diodes with acid-modified graphene transparent conductor and highly reflective membrane current blocking layer
    The Royal Society ; 2013
    In:  Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences Vol. 469, No. 2151 ( 2013-03-08), p. 20120652-
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, The Royal Society, Vol. 469, No. 2151 ( 2013-03-08), p. 20120652-
    Abstract: Vertical light-emitting diodes (VLEDs) with a highly reflective membrane (HRM) as current blocking layer (CBL) and a graphene transparent conductive layer (TCL) have been fabricated and characterized. High reflectance of HRM and high transmittance of graphene ensure less loss of the optical power. The VLEDs show improved optical output and less efficiency droop, thanks to the current spreading effect of HRM CBL and graphene TCL by preventing current crowding under the top electrode and thus increasing the internal and external quantum efficiency. With further acid modification, forward electrical characteristics of VLEDs are improved.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1364-5021 , 1471-2946
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2012.0652
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Royal Society
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 209241-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1460987-3
    SSG: 11
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    Online Resource
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Mechanics of ultrasound elastography
    The Royal Society ; 2017
    In:  Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences Vol. 473, No. 2199 ( 2017-03), p. 20160841-
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, The Royal Society, Vol. 473, No. 2199 ( 2017-03), p. 20160841-
    Abstract: Ultrasound elastography enables in vivo measurement of the mechanical properties of living soft tissues in a non-destructive and non-invasive manner and has attracted considerable interest for clinical use in recent years. Continuum mechanics plays an essential role in understanding and improving ultrasound-based elastography methods and is the main focus of this review. In particular, the mechanics theories involved in both static and dynamic elastography methods are surveyed. They may help understand the challenges in and opportunities for the practical applications of various ultrasound elastography methods to characterize the linear elastic, viscoelastic, anisotropic elastic and hyperelastic properties of both bulk and thin-walled soft materials, especially the in vivo characterization of biological soft tissues.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1364-5021 , 1471-2946
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2016.0841
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Royal Society
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 209241-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1460987-3
    SSG: 11
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    Online Resource
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Assessing Beijing's PM 2.5 pollution: severity, weather impact, APEC and winter heating
    The Royal Society ; 2015
    In:  Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences Vol. 471, No. 2182 ( 2015-10), p. 20150257-
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, The Royal Society, Vol. 471, No. 2182 ( 2015-10), p. 20150257-
    Abstract: By learning the PM 2.5 readings and meteorological records from 2010–2015, the severity of PM 2.5 pollution in Beijing is quantified with a set of statistical measures. As PM 2.5 concentration is highly influenced by meteorological conditions, we propose a statistical approach to adjust PM 2.5 concentration with respect to meteorological conditions, which can be used to monitor PM 2.5 pollution in a location. The adjusted monthly averages and percentiles are employed to test if the PM 2.5 levels in Beijing have been lowered since China's State Council set up a pollution reduction target. The results of the testing reveal significant increases, rather than decreases, in the PM 2.5 concentrations in the years 2013 and 2014 as compared with those in year 2012. We conduct analyses on two quasi-experiments—the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation meeting in November 2014 and the annual winter heating—to gain insight into the impacts of emissions on PM 2.5 . The analyses lead to a conclusion that a fundamental shift from mainly coal-based energy consumption to much greener alternatives in Beijing and the surrounding North China Plain is the key to solving the PM 2.5 problem in Beijing.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1364-5021 , 1471-2946
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2015.0257
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Royal Society
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 209241-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1460987-3
    SSG: 11
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    Online Resource
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