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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Immunogene therapy of tumors with vaccine based on Xenopus homologous vascular endothelial growth factor as a model antigen
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2001
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 98, No. 20 ( 2001-09-25), p. 11545-11550
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 98, No. 20 ( 2001-09-25), p. 11545-11550
    Abstract: Overcoming immune tolerance of the growth factors associated with tumor growth should be a useful approach to cancer therapy by active immunity. We used vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as a model antigen to explore the feasibility of the immunogene tumor therapy with a vaccine based on a single xenogeneic homologous gene, targeting the growth factors associated with angiogenesis. To test this concept, we constructed a plasmid DNA encoding Xenopus homologous VEGF (XVEGF-p) and control vectors. We found that immunogene tumor therapy with a vaccine based on XVEGF was effective at both protective and therapeutic antitumor immunity in several tumor models in mice. VEGF-specific autoantibodies in sera of mice immunized with XVEGF-p could be found in Western blotting analysis and ELISA assay. The purified immunoglobulins were effective at the inhibition of VEGF-mediated endothelial cell proliferation in vitro , and at antitumor activity and the inhibition of angiogenesis by adoptive transfer in vivo . The elevation of VEGF in the sera of the tumor-bearing mice could be abrogated with XVEGF-p immunization. The antitumor activity and production of VEGF-specific autoantibodies, significantly elevated IgG1 and IgG2b, could be abrogated by the depletion of CD4 + T lymphocytes. The observations may provide a vaccine strategy for cancer therapy through the induction of autoimmunity against the growth factors associated with tumor growth in a cross reaction with single xenogeneic homologous gene and may be of importance in the further exploration of the applications of other xenogeneic homologous genes identified in human and other animal genome sequence projects in cancer therapy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.191112198
    RVK:
    TA 1000
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    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2001
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    SSG: 11
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Draft Sequence of the Rice Genome ( Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica )
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2002
    In:  Science Vol. 296, No. 5565 ( 2002-04-05), p. 79-92
    Details
    In: Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 296, No. 5565 ( 2002-04-05), p. 79-92
    Abstract: We have produced a draft sequence of the rice genome for the most widely cultivated subspecies in China, Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica , by whole-genome shotgun sequencing. The genome was 466 megabases in size, with an estimated 46,022 to 55,615 genes. Functional coverage in the assembled sequences was 92.0%. About 42.2% of the genome was in exact 20-nucleotide oligomer repeats, and most of the transposons were in the intergenic regions between genes. Although 80.6% of predicted Arabidopsis thaliana genes had a homolog in rice, only 49.4% of predicted rice genes had a homolog in A. thaliana . The large proportion of rice genes with no recognizable homologs is due to a gradient in the GC content of rice coding sequences.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0036-8075 , 1095-9203
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/science.1068037
    RVK:
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2002
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 128410-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2066996-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2060783-0
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Unmasking Electronic Energy Transfer of Conjugated Polymers by Suppression of O 2 Quenching
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2000
    In:  Science Vol. 289, No. 5483 ( 2000-08-25), p. 1327-1330
    Details
    In: Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 289, No. 5483 ( 2000-08-25), p. 1327-1330
    Abstract: The photochemistry of poly[2-methoxy, 5-(2′-ethyl-hexyloxy)- p -phenylene-vinylene] (MEH-PPV) has been found to be highly dependent on the presence of O 2 , which increases singlet exciton quenching dramatically. Spectroscopy on isolated single molecules of MEH-PPV in polycarbonate films that exclude O 2 reveals two distinct polymer conformations with fluorescence maxima near 555 and 580 nanometers wavelength, respectively. Time-resolved single-molecule data demonstrate that the 580-nanometer conformation exhibits a “landscape” for intramolecular electronic energy relaxation with a “funnel” that contains a 580-nanometer singlet exciton trap at the bottom. The exciton traps can be converted to exciton quenchers by reaction with O 2 . Conformationally induced, directed-energy transfer is arguably a critical dynamical process that is responsible for many of the distinctive photophysical properties of conjugated polymers.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0036-8075 , 1095-9203
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/science.289.5483.1327
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2000
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 128410-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2066996-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2060783-0
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A study of simulation methods of limited diffraction beams
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2000
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 108, No. 5_Supplement ( 2000-11-01), p. 2595-2595
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 108, No. 5_Supplement ( 2000-11-01), p. 2595-2595
    Abstract: Limited diffraction beams such as Bessel beams and X waves have been studied extensively because of their potential applications in many areas such as medical imaging and optical communications. Computer simulations have been powerful tools for understanding the fundamentals of these beams. In this study, limited diffraction beams, specifically, Bessel beams and X waves, were simulated. The simulations were based on the frequency-domain method (Rayleigh–Sommerfeld diffraction formula), time-domain method, and finite-element or finite-difference method. For Bessel beams, a circular transducer divided into multiple rings was assumed. For pressure distributions on axial axis, the simulations were simplified due to the symmetry. In the case of X waves, the differential property of acoustic waves was used. The results of the simulation methods were compared with each other. Advantages and disadvantages of these methods will be reported. In all cases, the results are very close to those predicted by theory. [This work was supported in part by Grant HL 60301 from the National Institute of Health of the U.S.A.]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.4743656
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2000
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Construction of high frame rate images with Fourier transform
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2002
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 111, No. 5_Supplement ( 2002-05-01), p. 2385-2386
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 111, No. 5_Supplement ( 2002-05-01), p. 2385-2386
    Abstract: Traditionally, images are constructed with a delay-and-sum method that adjusts the phases of received signals (echoes) scattered from the same point in space so that they are summed in phase. Recently, the relationship between the delay-and-sum method and the Fourier transform is investigated [Jian-yu Lu, Anjun Liu, and Hu Peng, ‘‘High frame rate and delay-and-sum imaging methods,’’ IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control (submitted)]. In this study, a generic Fourier transform method is developed. Two-dimensional (2-D) or three-dimensional (3-D) high frame rate images can be constructed using the Fourier transform with a single transmission of an ultrasound pulse from an array as long as the transmission field of the array is known. To verify our theory, computer simulations have been performed with a linear array, a 2-D array, a convex curved array, and a spherical 2-D array. The simulation results are consistent with our theory. [Work supported in part by Grant 5RO1 HL60301 from NIH.]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.4778102
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2002
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Zebrafish Dpr2 Inhibits Mesoderm Induction by Promoting Degradation of Nodal Receptors
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2004
    In:  Science Vol. 306, No. 5693 ( 2004-10), p. 114-117
    Details
    In: Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 306, No. 5693 ( 2004-10), p. 114-117
    Abstract: Nodal proteins, members of the transforming growth factor–β (TGFβ) superfamily, have been identified as key endogenous mesoderm inducers in vertebrates. Precise control of Nodal signaling is essential for normal development of embryos. Here, we report that zebrafish dapper2 ( dpr2 ) is expressed in mesoderm precursors during early embryogenesis and is positively regulated by Nodal signals. In vivo functional studies in zebrafish suggest that Dpr2 suppresses mesoderm induction activities of Nodal signaling. Dpr2 is localized in late endosomes, binds to the TGFβ receptors ALK5 and ALK4, and accelerates lysosomal degradation of these receptors.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0036-8075 , 1095-9203
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/science.1100569
    RVK:
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    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 128410-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2066996-3
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    High-Level Neuronal Expression of Aβ 1–42 in Wild-Type Human Amyloid Protein Precursor Transgenic Mice: Synaptotoxicity without Plaque Formation
    Society for Neuroscience ; 2000
    In:  The Journal of Neuroscience Vol. 20, No. 11 ( 2000-06-01), p. 4050-4058
    Details
    In: The Journal of Neuroscience, Society for Neuroscience, Vol. 20, No. 11 ( 2000-06-01), p. 4050-4058
    Abstract: Amyloid plaques are a neuropathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but their relationship to neurodegeneration and dementia remains controversial. In contrast, there is a good correlation in AD between cognitive decline and loss of synaptophysin-immunoreactive (SYN-IR) presynaptic terminals in specific brain regions. We used expression-matched transgenic mouse lines to compare the effects of different human amyloid protein precursors (hAPP) and their products on plaque formation and SYN-IR presynaptic terminals. Four distinct minigenes were generated encoding wild-type hAPP or hAPP carrying mutations that alter the production of amyloidogenic Aβ peptides. The platelet-derived growth factor β chain promoter was used to express these constructs in neurons. hAPP mutations associated with familial AD (FAD) increased cerebral Aβ 1–42 levels, whereas an experimental mutation of the β-secretase cleavage site (671 M→I ) eliminated production of human Aβ. High levels of Aβ 1–42 resulted in age-dependent formation of amyloid plaques in FAD-mutant hAPP mice but not in expression-matched wild-type hAPP mice. Yet, significant decreases in the density of SYN-IR presynaptic terminals were found in both groups of mice. Across mice from different transgenic lines, the density of SYN-IR presynaptic terminals correlated inversely with Aβ levels but not with hAPP levels or plaque load. We conclude that Aβ is synaptotoxic even in the absence of plaques and that high levels of Aβ 1–42 are insufficient to induce plaque formation in mice expressing wild-type hAPP. Our results support the emerging view that plaque-independent Aβ toxicity plays an important role in the development of synaptic deficits in AD and related conditions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0270-6474 , 1529-2401
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.20-11-04050.2000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Society for Neuroscience
    Publication Date: 2000
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Coloration strategies in peacock feathers
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2003
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 100, No. 22 ( 2003-10-28), p. 12576-12578
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 100, No. 22 ( 2003-10-28), p. 12576-12578
    Abstract: We report the mechanism of color production in peacock feathers. We find that the cortex in differently colored barbules, which contains a 2D photonic-crystal structure, is responsible for coloration. Simulations reveal that the photonic-crystal structure possesses a partial photonic bandgap along the direction normal to the cortex surface, for frequencies within which light is strongly reflected. Coloration strategies in peacock feathers are very ingenious and simple: controlling the lattice constant and the number of periods in the photonic-crystal structure. Varying the lattice constant produces diversified colors. The reduction of the number of periods brings additional colors, causing mixed coloration.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2133313100
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2003
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  • 9
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    Protection of Cftr knockout mice from acute lung infection by a helper-dependent adenoviral vector expressing Cftr in airway epithelia
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2003
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 100, No. 26 ( 2003-12-23), p. 15364-15369
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 100, No. 26 ( 2003-12-23), p. 15364-15369
    Abstract: We developed a helper-dependent adenoviral vector for cystic fibrosis lung gene therapy. The vector expresses cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator ( Cftr ) using control elements from cytokeratin 18 . The vector expressed properly localized CFTR in cultured cells and in the airway epithelia of mice. Cftr RNA and protein were present in whole lung and bronchioles, respectively, for 28 days after a vector dose. Acute inflammation was minimal to moderate. To test the therapeutic potential of the vector, we challenged mice with a clinical strain of Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc). Cftr knockout mice (but not Cftr +/+ littermates) challenged with Bcc developed severe lung histopathology and had high lung bacteria counts. Cftr knockout mice receiving gene therapy 7 days before Bcc challenge had less severe histopathology, and the number of lung bacteria was reduced to the level seen in Cftr +/+ littermates. These data suggest that gene therapy could benefit cystic fibrosis patients by reducing susceptibility to opportunistic pathogens.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2436478100
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2003
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461794-8
    SSG: 11
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Handbook of Neural Network Signal Processing
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2002
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 111, No. 6 ( 2002-06-01), p. 2525-2526
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 111, No. 6 ( 2002-06-01), p. 2525-2526
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.1480419
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2002
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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