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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Psychophysical and physiological assessment of the representation of high-frequency spectral notches in the auditory nerve
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2006
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 119, No. 5_Supplement ( 2006-05-01), p. 3235-3235
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 119, No. 5_Supplement ( 2006-05-01), p. 3235-3235
    Abstract: High-frequency spectral notches such as those generated by the pinna are useful for sound localization. Because their center frequency (6–8 kHz) is beyond the cutoff of phase locking, the common view is that the internal representation of such notches does not involve the timing of action potentials and that, instead, they must be exclusively represented in terms of auditory nerve rate profiles. Recently, we [A. Alves-Pinto and E. A. Lopez-Poveda, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 118, 2548 (2005)] have shown that the threshold notch depth for discriminating between a flat-spectrum noise and a noise with a square spectral notch centered at 8 kHz varies nonmonotonically with increasing sound level, and that discrimination is worst for levels around 80 dB SPL. Here, we show that the information in the auditory nerve rate profiles is insufficient to account for this psychophysical result, and that temporal information is almost certainly used for discriminating between noise bursts with and without high-frequency spectral notches.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.4785980
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2006
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Auditory nerve response to broadband noise with high-frequency spectral notches
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2005
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 117, No. 4_Supplement ( 2005-04-01), p. 2564-2564
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 117, No. 4_Supplement ( 2005-04-01), p. 2564-2564
    Abstract: The threshold notch depth for discriminating between a flat-spectrum broadband noise and a similar noise with a rectangular spectral notch centered at 8 kHz varies nonmonotonically with stimulus level (Alves-Pinto and Lopez-Poveda, submitted to J. Acoust. Soc. Am.). A possible explanation for this result is that the notch may be encoded in the rate profile of auditory nerve (AN) fibers with high spontaneous rate (HSR) at low levels and in that of low spontaneous rate (LSR) fibers at high levels. To test this hypothesis, the rate profile of guinea pig AN fibers was measured in response to broadband notched noise for different notch depths and widths and for overall levels ranging from 40 to 100 dB SPL. Preliminary results support the hypothesis that HSR fibers can encode the spectral notch only for levels up to around 70 dB SPL. However, they also suggest that, as in the psychophysics, the negative effect of level is less pronounced the wider the notch. Additional data are required to confirm the role of LSR fibers to encode for the notch at higher levels. [Work supported by Spanish FIS PI020343 and G03/203.]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.4788535
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2005
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The B73 Maize Genome: Complexity, Diversity, and Dynamics
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2009
    In:  Science Vol. 326, No. 5956 ( 2009-11-20), p. 1112-1115
    Details
    In: Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 326, No. 5956 ( 2009-11-20), p. 1112-1115
    Abstract: We report an improved draft nucleotide sequence of the 2.3-gigabase genome of maize, an important crop plant and model for biological research. Over 32,000 genes were predicted, of which 99.8% were placed on reference chromosomes. Nearly 85% of the genome is composed of hundreds of families of transposable elements, dispersed nonuniformly across the genome. These were responsible for the capture and amplification of numerous gene fragments and affect the composition, sizes, and positions of centromeres. We also report on the correlation of methylation-poor regions with Mu transposon insertions and recombination, and copy number variants with insertions and/or deletions, as well as how uneven gene losses between duplicated regions were involved in returning an ancient allotetraploid to a genetically diploid state. These analyses inform and set the stage for further investigations to improve our understanding of the domestication and agricultural improvements of maize.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0036-8075 , 1095-9203
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/science.1178534
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 128410-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2066996-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2060783-0
    SSG: 11
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Rate versus time representation of high-frequency spectral notches in the peripheral auditory system: A computational model study
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2007
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 121, No. 5_Supplement ( 2007-05-01), p. 3198-3198
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 121, No. 5_Supplement ( 2007-05-01), p. 3198-3198
    Abstract: We investigated how high-frequency spectral notches are represented in the auditory nerve. Our approach consisted in modeling the paradoxical result of Alves-Pinto and Lopez-Poveda [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 118, 2548 (2005)] that discriminating between broadband noises with and without high-frequency spectral notches is most difficult at 70–80 dB SPL than at lower or higher intensities. We tested two possibilities: (a) that discrimination is based on the difference between the inner-hair-cell excitation patterns for the two stimuli, a representation related to the auditory nerve difference rate profile, and (b) that it is based on the difference inner-hair-cell modulation-rate pattern, a representation related to the difference in the temporal pattern of auditory nerve discharges. The simulations support the latter. This suggests that spectral features as high in frequency as 8 kHz may b e encoded in the temporal pattern of auditory nerve responses despite the rapid decay of phase locking above 2 kHz. The simulations also indicate that the improvement in spectral discrimination at high levels is associated to the saturation of the inner hair cell receptor potential.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.4782449
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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