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  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Functional Connectivity in Healthy Subjects Is Nonlinearly Modulated by the COMT and DRD2 Polymorphisms in a Functional System-Dependent Manner
    Society for Neuroscience ; 2013
    In:  The Journal of Neuroscience Vol. 33, No. 44 ( 2013-10-30), p. 17519-17526
    Details
    In: The Journal of Neuroscience, Society for Neuroscience, Vol. 33, No. 44 ( 2013-10-30), p. 17519-17526
    Kurzfassung: The dopamine system is known to modulate brain function in an inverted U-shaped manner. Recently, the functional networks of the brain were categorized into two systems, a “control system” and a “processing system.” However, it remains unclear whether the inverted U-shaped model of dopaminergic modulation could be applied to both of these functional systems. The catechol- O -methyltransferase (COMT) and dopamine D 2 receptor (DRD2) were genotyped in 258 healthy young human subjects. The local and long-range functional connectivity densities (FCDs) of each voxel were calculated and compared in a voxel-wise manner using a two-way (COMT and DRD2 genotypes) analysis of covariance. The resting-state functional connectivity analysis was performed to determine the functional networks to which brain regions with significant FCD differences belonged. Significant COMT × DRD2 interaction effects were found in the local FCDs of the superior portion of the right temporal pole (sTP) and left lingual gyrus (LG) and in the long-range FCDs of the right putamen and left medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC). Post hoc tests showed nonlinear relationships between the genotypic subgroups and FCD. In the control system, the sTP and putamen, components of the salience network, showed a U-shaped modulation by dopamine signaling. In the processing system, however, the MPFC of the default-mode network and the LG of the visual network showed an inverted U-shaped modulation by the dopamine system. Our findings suggest an interaction between COMT and DRD2 genotypes and show a functional system-dependent modulation of dopamine signaling.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0270-6474 , 1529-2401
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2163-13.2013
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Society for Neuroscience
    Publikationsdatum: 2013
    ZDB Id: 1475274-8
    SSG: 12
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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    Online-Ressource
  • 2
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    G-Protein-Coupled Receptor 30 Mediates Rapid Neuroprotective Effects of Estrogen via Depression of NR2B-Containing NMDA Receptors
    Society for Neuroscience ; 2012
    In:  The Journal of Neuroscience Vol. 32, No. 14 ( 2012-04-04), p. 4887-4900
    Details
    In: The Journal of Neuroscience, Society for Neuroscience, Vol. 32, No. 14 ( 2012-04-04), p. 4887-4900
    Kurzfassung: 17-β-Estradiol (E2) is a steroid hormone involved in neuroprotection against excitotoxicity and other forms of brain injury. Through genomic and nongenomic mechanisms, E2 modulates neuronal excitability and signal transmission by regulating NMDA and non-NMDA receptors. However, the mechanisms and identity of the receptors involved remain unclear, even though studies have suggested that estrogen G-protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30) is linked to protection against ischemic injury. In the culture cortical neurons, treatment with E2 and the GPR30 agonist G1 for 45 min attenuated the excitotoxicity induced by NMDA exposure. The acute neuroprotection mediated by GPR30 is dependent on G-protein-coupled signals and ERK1/2 activation, but independent on transcription or translation. Knockdown of GPR30 using short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) significantly reduced the E2-induced rapid neuroprotection. Patch-clamp recordings revealed that GPR30 activation depressed exogenous NMDA-elicited currents. Short-term GPR30 activation did not affect the expression of either NR2A- or NR2B-containing NMDARs; however, it depressed NR2B subunit phosphorylation at Ser-1303 by inhibiting the dephosphorylation of death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1). DAPK1 knockdown using shRNAs significantly blocked NR2B subunit phosphorylation at Ser-1303 and abolished the GPR30-mediated depression of exogenous NMDA-elicited currents. Lateral ventricle injection of the GPR30 agonist G1 (0.2 μg) provided significant neuroprotection in the ovariectomized female mice subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion. These findings provide direct evidence that fast neuroprotection by estradiol is partially mediated by GPR30 and the subsequent downregulation of NR2B-containing NMDARs. The modulation of DAPK1 activity by GPR30 may be an important mediator of estradiol-dependent neuroprotection.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0270-6474 , 1529-2401
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5828-11.2012
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Society for Neuroscience
    Publikationsdatum: 2012
    ZDB Id: 1475274-8
    SSG: 12
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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    Online-Ressource
  • 3
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Structural analysis of human Cdc20 supports multisite degron recognition by APC/C
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2012
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 109, No. 45 ( 2012-11-06), p. 18419-18424
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 109, No. 45 ( 2012-11-06), p. 18419-18424
    Kurzfassung: The anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) promotes anaphase onset and mitotic exit through ubiquitinating securin and cyclin B1. The mitotic APC/C activator, the cell division cycle 20 (Cdc20) protein, directly interacts with APC/C degrons––the destruction (D) and KEN boxes. APC/C Cdc20 is the target of the spindle checkpoint. Checkpoint inhibition of APC/C Cdc20 requires the binding of a BubR1 KEN box to Cdc20. How APC/C recognizes substrates is not understood. We report the crystal structures of human Cdc20 alone or bound to a BubR1 KEN box. Cdc20 has a disordered N-terminal region and a C-terminal WD40 β propeller with a preformed KEN-box-binding site at its top face. We identify a second conserved surface at the side of the Cdc20 β propeller as a D-box-binding site. The D box of securin, but not its KEN box, is critical for securin ubiquitination by APC/C Cdc20 . Although both motifs contribute to securin ubiquitination by APC/C Cdh1 , securin mutants lacking either motif are efficiently ubiquitinated. Furthermore, D-box peptides diminish the ubiquitination of KEN-box substrates by APC/C Cdh1 , suggesting possible competition between the two motifs. Our results indicate the lack of strong positive cooperativity between the two degrons of securin. We propose that low-cooperativity, multisite target recognition enables APC/C to robustly ubiquitinate diverse substrates and helps to drive cell cycle oscillations.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1213438109
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publikationsdatum: 2012
    ZDB Id: 209104-5
    ZDB Id: 1461794-8
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 12
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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    Online-Ressource
  • 4
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Optimal view angle in the three-dimensional self-propelled particle model
    IOP Publishing ; 2011
    In:  EPL (Europhysics Letters) Vol. 93, No. 6 ( 2011-03-01), p. 68003-
    Details
    In: EPL (Europhysics Letters), IOP Publishing, Vol. 93, No. 6 ( 2011-03-01), p. 68003-
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0295-5075 , 1286-4854
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1209/0295-5075/93/68003
    Sprache: Unbekannt
    Verlag: IOP Publishing
    Publikationsdatum: 2011
    ZDB Id: 1465366-7
    ZDB Id: 165776-8
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Identification of Functional Elements and Regulatory Circuits by Drosophila modENCODE
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2010
    In:  Science Vol. 330, No. 6012 ( 2010-12-24), p. 1787-1797
    Details
    In: Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 330, No. 6012 ( 2010-12-24), p. 1787-1797
    Kurzfassung: To gain insight into how genomic information is translated into cellular and developmental programs, the Drosophila model organism Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (modENCODE) project is comprehensively mapping transcripts, histone modifications, chromosomal proteins, transcription factors, replication proteins and intermediates, and nucleosome properties across a developmental time course and in multiple cell lines. We have generated more than 700 data sets and discovered protein-coding, noncoding, RNA regulatory, replication, and chromatin elements, more than tripling the annotated portion of the Drosophila genome. Correlated activity patterns of these elements reveal a functional regulatory network, which predicts putative new functions for genes, reveals stage- and tissue-specific regulators, and enables gene-expression prediction. Our results provide a foundation for directed experimental and computational studies in Drosophila and related species and also a model for systematic data integration toward comprehensive genomic and functional annotation.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0036-8075 , 1095-9203
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/science.1198374
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2010
    ZDB Id: 128410-1
    ZDB Id: 2066996-3
    ZDB Id: 2060783-0
    SSG: 11
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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