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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Multimessenger observations of a flaring blazar coincident with high-energy neutrino IceCube-170922A
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2018
    In:  Science Vol. 361, No. 6398 ( 2018-07-13)
    Details
    In: Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 361, No. 6398 ( 2018-07-13)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0036-8075 , 1095-9203
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/science.aat1378
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2018
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The geology of Pluto and Charon through the eyes of New Horizons
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2016
    In:  Science Vol. 351, No. 6279 ( 2016-03-18), p. 1284-1293
    Details
    In: Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 351, No. 6279 ( 2016-03-18), p. 1284-1293
    Abstract: NASA’s New Horizons spacecraft has revealed the complex geology of Pluto and Charon. Pluto’s encounter hemisphere shows ongoing surface geological activity centered on a vast basin containing a thick layer of volatile ices that appears to be involved in convection and advection, with a crater retention age no greater than ~10 million years. Surrounding terrains show active glacial flow, apparent transport and rotation of large buoyant water-ice crustal blocks, and pitting, the latter likely caused by sublimation erosion and/or collapse. More enigmatic features include tall mounds with central depressions that are conceivably cryovolcanic and ridges with complex bladed textures. Pluto also has ancient cratered terrains up to ~4 billion years old that are extensionally faulted and extensively mantled and perhaps eroded by glacial or other processes. Charon does not appear to be currently active, but experienced major extensional tectonism and resurfacing (probably cryovolcanic) nearly 4 billion years ago. Impact crater populations on Pluto and Charon are not consistent with the steepest impactor size-frequency distributions proposed for the Kuiper belt.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0036-8075 , 1095-9203
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/science.aad7055
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2066996-3
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Forward and Backward Masking of Consonants in School-Age Children and Adults
    American Speech Language Hearing Association ; 2018
    In:  Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research Vol. 61, No. 7 ( 2018-07-13), p. 1807-1814
    Details
    In: Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, American Speech Language Hearing Association, Vol. 61, No. 7 ( 2018-07-13), p. 1807-1814
    Abstract: This experiment sought to determine whether children's increased susceptibility to nonsimultaneous masking, particularly backward masking, is evident for speech stimuli. Method Five- to 9-year-olds and adults with normal hearing heard nonsense consonant–vowel–consonant targets. In Experiments 1 and 2, those targets were presented between two 250-ms segments of 70-dB-SPL speech-shaped noise, at either −30 dB signal-to-noise ratio (Experiment 1) or at the listener's word recognition threshold (Experiment 2). In Experiment 3, the target was presented in steady speech-shaped noise at listener threshold. For all experiments, percent correct was estimated for initial and final consonants. Results In the nonsimultaneous noise conditions, child–adult differences were larger for the final consonant than the initial consonant whether listeners were tested at −30 dB signal-to-noise ratio (Experiment 1) or at their individual word recognition threshold (Experiment 2). Children were not particularly susceptible to backward masking relative to adults when tested in a steady masker (Experiment 3). Conclusions Child–adult differences were greater for backward than forward masking for speech in a nonsimultaneous noise masker, as observed in previous psychophysical studies using tonal stimuli. Children's greater susceptibility to nonsimultaneous masking, and backward masking in particular, could play a role in their limited ability to benefit from masker envelope modulation when recognizing masked speech.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1092-4388 , 1558-9102
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1044/2018_JSLHR-H-17-0403
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Speech Language Hearing Association
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2070420-3
    SSG: 5,2
    SSG: 7,11
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dissecting fat-tailed fluctuations in the cytoskeleton with active micropost arrays
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2019
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 116, No. 28 ( 2019-07-09), p. 13839-13846
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 116, No. 28 ( 2019-07-09), p. 13839-13846
    Abstract: The ability of animal cells to crawl, change their shape, and respond to applied force is due to their cytoskeleton: A dynamic, cross-linked network of actin protein filaments and myosin motors. How these building blocks assemble to give rise to cells’ mechanics and behavior remains poorly understood. Using active micropost array detectors containing magnetic actuators, we have characterized the mechanics and fluctuations of cells’ actomyosin cortex and stress fiber network in detail. Here, we find that both structures display remarkably consistent power law viscoelastic behavior along with highly intermittent fluctuations with fat-tailed distributions of amplitudes. Notably, this motion in the cortex is dominated by occasional large, step-like displacement events, with a spatial extent of several micrometers. Overall, our findings for the cortex appear contrary to the predictions of a recent active gel model, while suggesting that different actomyosin contractile units act in a highly collective and cooperative manner. We hypothesize that cells’ actomyosin components robustly self-organize into marginally stable, plastic networks that give cells’ their unique biomechanical properties.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1900963116
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cochlear hearing loss and the detection of sinusoidal versus random amplitude modulation
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2016
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 140, No. 2 ( 2016-08-01), p. EL184-EL190
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 140, No. 2 ( 2016-08-01), p. EL184-EL190
    Abstract: This study assessed the effect of cochlear hearing loss on detection of random and sinusoidal amplitude modulation. Listeners with hearing loss and normal-hearing listeners (eight per group) generated temporal modulation transfer functions (TMTFs) for envelope fluctuations carried by a 2000-Hz pure tone. TMTFs for the two groups were similar at low modulation rates but diverged at higher rates presumably because of differences in frequency selectivity. For both groups, detection of random modulation was poorer than for sinusoidal modulation at lower rates but the reverse occurred at higher rates. No evidence was found that cochlear hearing loss, per se, affects modulation detection.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.4960075
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2016
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Gap Detection in School-Age Children and Adults: Center Frequency and Ramp Duration
    American Speech Language Hearing Association ; 2017
    In:  Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research Vol. 60, No. 1 ( 2017-01), p. 172-181
    Details
    In: Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, American Speech Language Hearing Association, Vol. 60, No. 1 ( 2017-01), p. 172-181
    Abstract: The age at which gap detection becomes adultlike differs, depending on the stimulus characteristics. The present study evaluated whether the developmental trajectory differs as a function of stimulus frequency region or duration of the onset and offset ramps bounding the gap. Method Thresholds were obtained for wideband noise (500–4500 Hz) with 4- or 40-ms raised-cosine ramps and for a 25-Hz-wide low-fluctuation narrowband noise centered on either 500 or 5000 Hz with 40-ms ramps. Stimuli were played continuously at 70 dB SPL, and the task was to indicate which of 3 intervals contained a gap. Listeners were 5.2- to 15.1-year-old children ( n = 40) and adults ( n = 10) with normal hearing. Results Regardless of listener age, gap detection thresholds for the wideband noise tended to be lower when gaps were shaped using 4-ms rather than 40-ms ramps. Thresholds also tended to be lower for the low-fluctuation narrowband noise centered on 5000 Hz than 500 Hz. Performance reached adult levels after 11 years of age for all 4 stimuli. Maturation was not uniform across individuals, however; a subset of young children performed like adults, including some 5-year-olds. Conclusion For these stimuli, the developmental trajectory was similar regardless of narrowband noise center frequency or wideband noise onset and offset ramp duration.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1092-4388 , 1558-9102
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1044/2016_JSLHR-H-16-0010
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Speech Language Hearing Association
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2070420-3
    SSG: 5,2
    SSG: 7,11
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Speech recognition in one- and two-talker maskers in school-age children and adults: Development of perceptual masking and glimpsing
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2017
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 141, No. 4 ( 2017-04-01), p. 2650-2660
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 141, No. 4 ( 2017-04-01), p. 2650-2660
    Abstract: Children perform more poorly than adults on a wide range of masked speech perception paradigms, but this effect is particularly pronounced when the masker itself is also composed of speech. The present study evaluated two factors that might contribute to this effect: the ability to perceptually isolate the target from masker speech, and the ability to recognize target speech based on sparse cues (glimpsing). Speech reception thresholds (SRTs) were estimated for closed-set, disyllabic word recognition in children (5–16 years) and adults in a one- or two-talker masker. Speech maskers were 60 dB sound pressure level (SPL), and they were either presented alone or in combination with a 50-dB-SPL speech-shaped noise masker. There was an age effect overall, but performance was adult-like at a younger age for the one-talker than the two-talker masker. Noise tended to elevate SRTs, particularly for older children and adults, and when summed with the one-talker masker. Removing time-frequency epochs associated with a poor target-to-masker ratio markedly improved SRTs, with larger effects for younger listeners; the age effect was not eliminated, however. Results were interpreted as indicating that development of speech-in-speech recognition is likely impacted by development of both perceptual masking and the ability recognize speech based on sparse cues.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.4979936
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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