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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Domain requirement of moenomycin binding to bifunctional transglycosylases and development of high-throughput discovery of antibiotics
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2008
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 105, No. 2 ( 2008-01-15), p. 431-436
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 105, No. 2 ( 2008-01-15), p. 431-436
    Abstract: Moenomycin inhibits bacterial growth by blocking the transglycosylase activity of class A penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), which are key enzymes in bacterial cell wall synthesis. We compared the binding affinities of moenomycin A with various truncated PBPs by using surface plasmon resonance analysis and found that the transmembrane domain is important for moenomycin binding. Full-length class A PBPs from 16 bacterial species were produced, and their binding activities showed a correlation with the antimicrobial activity of moenomycin against Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus . On the basis of these findings, a fluorescence anisotropy-based high-throughput assay was developed and used successfully for identification of transglycosylase inhibitors.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0710868105
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 209104-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461794-8
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    High-Thermoelectric Performance of Nanostructured Bismuth Antimony Telluride Bulk Alloys
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2008
    In:  Science Vol. 320, No. 5876 ( 2008-05-02), p. 634-638
    Details
    In: Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 320, No. 5876 ( 2008-05-02), p. 634-638
    Abstract: The dimensionless thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT) in bismuth antimony telluride (BiSbTe) bulk alloys has remained around 1 for more than 50 years. We show that a peak ZT of 1.4 at 100°C can be achieved in a p-type nanocrystalline BiSbTe bulk alloy. These nanocrystalline bulk materials were made by hot pressing nanopowders that were ball-milled from crystalline ingots under inert conditions. Electrical transport measurements, coupled with microstructure studies and modeling, show that the ZT improvement is the result of low thermal conductivity caused by the increased phonon scattering by grain boundaries and defects. More importantly, ZT is about 1.2 at room temperature and 0.8 at 250°C, which makes these materials useful for cooling and power generation. Cooling devices that use these materials have produced high-temperature differences of 86°, 106°, and 119°C with hot-side temperatures set at 50°, 100°, and 150°C, respectively. This discovery sets the stage for use of a new nanocomposite approach in developing high-performance low-cost bulk thermoelectric materials.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0036-8075 , 1095-9203
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/science.1156446
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 128410-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2066996-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2060783-0
    SSG: 11
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A consensus–hemagglutinin-based DNA vaccine that protects mice against divergent H5N1 influenza viruses
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2008
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 105, No. 36 ( 2008-09-09), p. 13538-13543
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 105, No. 36 ( 2008-09-09), p. 13538-13543
    Abstract: H5N1 influenza viruses have spread extensively among wild birds and domestic poultry. Cross-species transmission of these viruses to humans has been documented in over 380 cases, with a mortality rate of ≈60%. There is great concern that a H5N1 virus would acquire the ability to spread efficiently between humans, thereby becoming a pandemic threat. An H5N1 influenza vaccine must, therefore, be an integral part of any pandemic preparedness plan. However, traditional methods of making influenza vaccines have yet to produce a candidate that could induce potently neutralizing antibodies against divergent strains of H5N1 influenza viruses. To address this need, we generated a consensus H5N1 hemagglutinin (HA) sequence based on data available in early 2006. This sequence was then optimized for protein expression before being inserted into a DNA plasmid (pCHA5). Immunizing mice with pCHA5, delivered intramuscularly via electroporation, elicited antibodies that neutralized a panel of virions that have been pseudotyped with the HA from various H5N1 viruses (clades 1, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3.2, and 2.3.4). Moreover, immunization with pCHA5 in mice conferred complete (clades 1 and 2.2) or significant (clade 2.1) protection from H5N1 virus challenges. We conclude that this vaccine, based on a consensus HA, could induce broad protection against divergent H5N1 influenza viruses and thus warrants further study.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0806901105
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 209104-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461794-8
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 12
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    Online Resource
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Transporters of arsenite in rice and their role in arsenic accumulation in rice grain
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2008
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 105, No. 29 ( 2008-07-22), p. 9931-9935
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 105, No. 29 ( 2008-07-22), p. 9931-9935
    Abstract: Arsenic poisoning affects millions of people worldwide. Human arsenic intake from rice consumption can be substantial because rice is particularly efficient in assimilating arsenic from paddy soils, although the mechanism has not been elucidated. Here we report that two different types of transporters mediate transport of arsenite, the predominant form of arsenic in paddy soil, from the external medium to the xylem. Transporters belonging to the NIP subfamily of aquaporins in rice are permeable to arsenite but not to arsenate. Mutation in OsNIP2;1 (Lsi1, a silicon influx transporter) significantly decreases arsenite uptake. Furthermore, in the rice mutants defective in the silicon efflux transporter Lsi2, arsenite transport to the xylem and accumulation in shoots and grain decreased greatly. Mutation in Lsi2 had a much greater impact on arsenic accumulation in shoots and grain in field-grown rice than Lsi1. Arsenite transport in rice roots therefore shares the same highly efficient pathway as silicon, which explains why rice is efficient in arsenic accumulation. Our results provide insight into the uptake mechanism of arsenite in rice and strategies for reducing arsenic accumulation in grain for enhanced food safety.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0802361105
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 209104-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461794-8
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 12
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    Online Resource
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Robust, Tunable Biological Oscillations from Interlinked Positive and Negative Feedback Loops
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2008
    In:  Science Vol. 321, No. 5885 ( 2008-07-04), p. 126-129
    Details
    In: Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 321, No. 5885 ( 2008-07-04), p. 126-129
    Abstract: A simple negative feedback loop of interacting genes or proteins has the potential to generate sustained oscillations. However, many biological oscillators also have a positive feedback loop, raising the question of what advantages the extra loop imparts. Through computational studies, we show that it is generally difficult to adjust a negative feedback oscillator's frequency without compromising its amplitude, whereas with positive-plus-negative feedback, one can achieve a widely tunable frequency and near-constant amplitude. This tunability makes the latter design suitable for biological rhythms like heartbeats and cell cycles that need to provide a constant output over a range of frequencies. Positive-plus-negative oscillators also appear to be more robust and easier to evolve, rationalizing why they are found in contexts where an adjustable frequency is unimportant.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0036-8075 , 1095-9203
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/science.1156951
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 128410-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2066996-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2060783-0
    SSG: 11
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Encoding Gender and Individual Information in the Mouse Vomeronasal Organ
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2008
    In:  Science Vol. 320, No. 5875 ( 2008-04-25), p. 535-538
    Details
    In: Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 320, No. 5875 ( 2008-04-25), p. 535-538
    Abstract: The mammalian vomeronasal organ detects complex chemical signals that convey information about gender, strain, and the social and reproductive status of an individual. How these signals are encoded is poorly understood. We developed transgenic mice expressing the calcium indicator G-CaMP2 and analyzed population responses of vomeronasal neurons to urine from individual animals. A substantial portion of cells was activated by either male or female urine, but only a small population of cells responded exclusively to gender-specific cues shared across strains and individuals. Female cues activated more cells and were subject to more complex hormonal regulations than male cues. In contrast to gender, strain and individual information was encoded by the combinatorial activation of neurons such that urine from different individuals activated distinctive cell populations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0036-8075 , 1095-9203
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/science.1154476
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 128410-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2066996-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2060783-0
    SSG: 11
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Circumferential Waves in Piezoelectric Cylindrical Curved Plate
    Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft mbH ; 2008
    In:  Acta Acustica united with Acustica Vol. 94, No. 5 ( 2008-09-01), p. 725-733
    Details
    In: Acta Acustica united with Acustica, Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Vol. 94, No. 5 ( 2008-09-01), p. 725-733
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1610-1928
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3813/AAA.918089
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft mbH
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 119-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2078656-6
    SSG: 7,11
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Transmission phase and spin filter effect in a four-terminal interferometer
    IOP Publishing ; 2008
    In:  EPL (Europhysics Letters) Vol. 84, No. 6 ( 2008-12), p. 67012-
    Details
    In: EPL (Europhysics Letters), IOP Publishing, Vol. 84, No. 6 ( 2008-12), p. 67012-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0295-5075 , 1286-4854
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1209/0295-5075/84/67012
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: IOP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1465366-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 165776-8
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