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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2020
    In:  Science Vol. 370, No. 6513 ( 2020-10-09), p. 214-219
    In: Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 370, No. 6513 ( 2020-10-09), p. 214-219
    Abstract: In place of functional groups that impose different inductive effects, we immobilize molecules carrying thiol groups on a gold electrode. By applying different voltages, the properties of the immobilized molecules can be tuned. The base-catalyzed saponification of benzoic esters is fully inhibited by applying a mildly negative voltage of –0.25 volt versus open circuit potential. Furthermore, the rate of a Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction can be changed by applying a voltage when the arylhalide substrate is immobilized on a gold electrode. Finally, a two-step carboxylic acid amidation is shown to benefit from a switch in applied voltage between addition of a carbodiimide coupling reagent and introduction of the amine.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0036-8075 , 1095-9203
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 128410-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2066996-3
    SSG: 11
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2006
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 103, No. 3 ( 2006-01-17), p. 814-819
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 103, No. 3 ( 2006-01-17), p. 814-819
    Abstract: Cytokinins are plant hormones with profound roles in growth and development, including control of leaf longevity. Although the cytokinin signal is known to be perceived by histidine kinase receptors, the underlying molecular mechanism and specificity of the receptors leading to delayed leaf senescence have not yet been elucidated. Here, we found that AHK3, one of the three cytokinin receptors in Arabidopsis , plays a major role in controlling cytokinin-mediated leaf longevity through a specific phosphorylation of a response regulator, ARR2. This result was obtained through identification of a gain-of-function Arabidopsis mutant that shows delayed leaf senescence because of a missense mutation in the extracellular domain of AHK3. A loss-of-function mutation in AHK3 , but not of the other cytokinin receptors, conferred a reduced sensitivity to cytokinin in cytokinin-dependent delay of leaf senescence and abolished cytokinin-dependent phosphorylation of ARR2. Consistently, transgenic overexpression of wild-type, but not an unphosphorylatable mutant ARR2, led to delayed senescence of leaves.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2006
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 209104-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461794-8
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
    In: Brain, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 146, No. 10 ( 2023-10-03), p. 4174-4190
    Abstract: Tourette syndrome is a childhood-onset neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by intrusive motor and vocal tics that can lead to self-injury and deleterious mental health complications. While dysfunction in striatal dopamine neurotransmission has been proposed to underlie tic behaviour, evidence is scarce and inconclusive. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the thalamic centromedian parafascicular complex (CMPf), an approved surgical interventive treatment for medical refractory Tourette syndrome, may reduce tics by affecting striatal dopamine release. Here, we use electrophysiology, electrochemistry, optogenetics, pharmacological treatments and behavioural measurements to mechanistically examine how thalamic DBS modulates synaptic and tonic dopamine activity in the dorsomedial striatum. Previous studies demonstrated focal disruption of GABAergic transmission in the dorsolateral striatum of rats led to repetitive motor tics recapitulating the major symptom of Tourette syndrome. We employed this model under light anaesthesia and found CMPf DBS evoked synaptic dopamine release and elevated tonic dopamine levels via striatal cholinergic interneurons while concomitantly reducing motor tic behaviour. The improvement in tic behaviour was found to be mediated by D2 receptor activation as blocking this receptor prevented the therapeutic response. Our results demonstrate that release of striatal dopamine mediates the therapeutic effects of CMPf DBS and points to striatal dopamine dysfunction as a driver for motor tics in the pathoneurophysiology of Tourette syndrome.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0006-8950 , 1460-2156
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1474117-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 80072-7
    SSG: 12
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