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  • Online Resource  (15)
  • Wei, Chong  (15)
  • Linguistics  (15)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Numerical study of biosonar beam forming in finless porpoise ( Neophocaena asiaeorientalis )
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2014
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 136, No. 4_Supplement ( 2014-10-01), p. 2075-2075
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 136, No. 4_Supplement ( 2014-10-01), p. 2075-2075
    Abstract: Finless porpoise (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis) is known to use the narrow band signals for echolocation living in the Yangtze River and in the adjoining Poyang and Dongting Lakes in China. In this study, the sound velocity and density of different tissues (including melon, muscle, bony structure, connective tissues, blubber, and mandibular fat) in the porpoise’s head were obtained by measurement. The sound velocity and density were found out to have a linear relationship with Hounsfield unit (HU) obtained from the CT scan. The acoustic property of the head of the porpoise was reconstructed from the HU distribution. Numerical simulations of the acoustic propagation through finless porpoise’s head were performed by a finite element approach. The beam formation was compared with those of the baiji, Indo-pacific humpback dolphin, and bottlenose dolphin. The role of the different structures in the head such as air sacs, melon, muscle, bony structure, connective tissues, blubber, and mandibular fat on biosonar beam was investigated. The results might provide useful information for better understanding of the sound propagation in finless porpoise’s head.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.4899449
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2014
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A biosonar model of finless porpoise ( Neophocaena phocaenoides ) for material composition discrimination of cylinders
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2019
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 146, No. 2 ( 2019-08-01), p. 1362-1370
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 146, No. 2 ( 2019-08-01), p. 1362-1370
    Abstract: Research into the physical mechanism of odontocetes biosonar has made great progress in the past several decades, especially on wave propagation and biosonar beam formation in the foreheads of odontocetes. Although a number of experimental studies have been performed, the physical mechanism of odontocetes underwater target discrimination has not yet been fully understood. Previous research has experimentally studied the finless porpoise's target discrimination using cylinders different in material [Nakahara, Takemura, Koido, and Hiruda (1997). Mar. Mamm. Sci. 13(4), 639–649]. The authors proposed a computed tomography based finite element biosonar model to simulate the detailed process of a finless porpoise click emission and target detection in order to gain a further understanding of the underlying physical mechanism. The numerical solutions of resonance features of both steel and acrylic cylinders in this study are very consistent with the analytic solutions. Furthermore, the simulated outgoing clicks and echoes match the experiment results measured by Nakahara et al. The beam patterns of the scattered field were extracted and the resonance features of cylinders in different materials were analyzed. This method in this study could be used to study some other odontocetes that are inaccessible for experimental work and could also provide physical information for intelligent biomimetic underwater signal processors design.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.5122981
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Simulation of ultrasound beam formation of baiji ( Lipotes vexillifer ) with a finite element model
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2014
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 136, No. 1 ( 2014-07-01), p. 423-429
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 136, No. 1 ( 2014-07-01), p. 423-429
    Abstract: The baiji (Lipotes vexillifer) of the Yangtze River possesses a sophisticated biosonar system. In this study, a finite element approach was used to numerically investigate the propagation of acoustic waves through the head of the Yangtze River dolphin, which possesses an inhomogeneous and complex structure. The acoustic intensity distribution predicted from models with and without the melon and/or skull showed that the emitted sound beam was narrow and formed a highly directed acoustic beam, and the skull and melon significantly enhanced the directional characteristics of the emitted sound. Finally, for a short duration impulsive source, the emitted sound pressure distributions were also simulated at different propagation times. The results provide useful information for better understanding the operation of the biosonar system in this rare and perhaps extinct animal.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.4883597
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2014
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Biosonar signal propagation in the harbor porpoise's ( Phocoena phocoena ) head: The role of various structures in the formation of the vertical beam
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2017
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 141, No. 6 ( 2017-06-01), p. 4179-4187
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 141, No. 6 ( 2017-06-01), p. 4179-4187
    Abstract: Harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) use narrow band echolocation signals for detecting and locating prey and for spatial orientation. In this study, acoustic impedance values of tissues in the porpoise's head were calculated from computer tomography (CT) scan and the corresponding Hounsfield Units. A two-dimensional finite element model of the acoustic impedance was constructed based on CT scan data to simulate the acoustic propagation through the animal's head. The far field transmission beam pattern in the vertical plane and the waveforms of the receiving points around the forehead were compared with prior measurement results, the simulation results were qualitatively consistent with the measurement results. The role of the main structures in the head such as the air sacs, melon and skull in the acoustic propagation was investigated. The results showed that air sacs and skull are the major components to form the vertical beam. Additionally, both beam patterns and sound pressure of the sound waves through four positions deep inside the melon were demonstrated to show the role of the melon in the biosonar sound propagation processes in the vertical plane.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.4983663
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2017
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Does rotation during echolocation increase the acoustic field of view? Comparative numerical models based on CT data of a live versus deceased dolphin
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2022
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 151, No. 4_Supplement ( 2022-04-01), p. A107-A107
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 151, No. 4_Supplement ( 2022-04-01), p. A107-A107
    Abstract: Spinning is a natural and common dolphin behavior; however, its role in echolocation is unknown. We used computed tomography (CT) data of a live and a recently deceased bottlenose dolphin together with measurements of the acoustic properties of head tissues to perform acoustic property reconstrcution. The anatomical configuration and acoustic properties of the main forehead structures between the live and deceased dolphins were compared. Finite element analysis (FEA) was applied to simulate the generation and propagation of echolocation clicks, to compute their waveforms and spectra in both near- and far-fields, and to derive echolocation beam patterns. Model results from both the live and deceased dolphins were in good agreement with click recordings from live, echolocating individuals. FEA was also used to estimate the acoustic scene experienced by a dolphin rotating 180ã & #x82; & #x9c;about its longitudinal axis to detect fish in the far-field at elevation angles of 0ã & #x82; & #x9c;–20ã & #x82; & #x9c;. The results suggest that the spinning behavior provides a wider insonification area and compensates for the dolphin’s relatively narrow biosonar beam and constraints on the pointing direction that are limited by head movement. The results also have implications for examining the accuracy of FEA in acoustic simulations using freshly deceased specimens.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/10.0010799
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Acoustic properties reconstruction of forehead tissues in an Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin ( Sousa chinensis ), with investigation on temperature effects on the species tissues sound velocity and beam
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2016
    In:  Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 140, No. 4_Supplement ( 2016-10-01), p. 3298-3299
    Details
    In: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 140, No. 4_Supplement ( 2016-10-01), p. 3298-3299
    Abstract: Computed tomography (CT) imaging and ultrasound experimental measurements were used to reconstruct the acoustic properties (density, velocity, and impedance) of forehead tissues from a deceased Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin (Sousa chinensis). The nonlinear regression methods were used to demonstrate the relationships between the sound velocity and temperature in melon, muscle and connective tissue. The obtained nonlinear equations were then combined with the original CT scanning results and sound velocity distributions reconstructed at room temperature 25°C to reconstruct the dolphin head’s sound velocity distribution at temperature 37°C. The beam formation and beam properties between two temperatures 37°C and 25°C were then compared and discussed. The results could provide important information for understanding the species’ bioacoustic characteristics and the acoustic data can be used for investigation of biosonar beam formation of this species.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.4970491
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2016
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Reconstruction of the forehead acoustic properties in an Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin ( Sousa chinensis ), with investigation on the responses of soft tissue sound velocity to temperature
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2017
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 141, No. 2 ( 2017-02-01), p. 681-689
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 141, No. 2 ( 2017-02-01), p. 681-689
    Abstract: Computed tomography (CT) imaging and ultrasound experimental measurements were combined to reconstruct the acoustic properties (density, velocity, and impedance) of the head from a deceased Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin (Sousa chinensis). The authors extracted 42 soft forehead tissue samples to estimate the sound velocity and density properties at room temperature, 25.0  °C. Hounsfield Units (HUs) of the samples were read from CT scans. Linear relationships between the tissues' HUs and velocity, and HUs and density were revealed through regression analyses. The distributions of the head acoustic properties at axial, coronal, and sagittal cross sections were reconstructed, suggesting that the forehead soft tissues were characterized by low-velocity in the melon, high-velocity in the muscle and connective tissues. Further, the sound velocities of melon, muscle, and connective tissue pieces were measured under different temperatures to investigate tissues' velocity response to temperature. The results demonstrated nonlinear relationships between tissues' sound velocity and temperature. This study represents a first attempt to provide general information on acoustic properties of this species. The results could provide meaningful information for understanding the species' bioacoustic characteristics and for further investigation on sound beam formation of the dolphin.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.4974861
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2017
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Enhance beam formation by airsacs and skull in Chinese river dolphin ( Lipotes vexillifer )
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2014
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 135, No. 4_Supplement ( 2014-04-01), p. 2266-2266
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 135, No. 4_Supplement ( 2014-04-01), p. 2266-2266
    Abstract: The melon of dolphins is considered by many as the structure responsible for the focusing of the biosonar beam. However, finite element numerical simulation of the head of the Chinese river dolphin (Lipotes vexillifer) indicates that the biosonar beam is formed by reflections off the airsacs and bony structures in the skull. The finite element approach was applied to numerically simulate the acoustic propagation through dolphin's head in four several situations (complete head, skull only, skull plus melon, and skull plus airsacs). The acoustic intensity distribution and the corresponding polar plots showed that the melon causes the beam to narrow slightly and affects the angle of the main beam. The airsacs kept the sound propagating to the anterior and focused the energy into the main lobe. The bony structure prevented the sound from propagating below the rostrum and contribute to energy in the main beam. The results suggest that the airsacs and the complex bony structure play a dominant role in the formation of the biosonar beam of a dolphin, more so than the melon.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.4877427
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2014
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A simulation of temperature influence on echolocation click beams of the Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin ( Sousa chinensis )
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2017
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 142, No. 4 ( 2017-10-01), p. EL381-EL387
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 142, No. 4 ( 2017-10-01), p. EL381-EL387
    Abstract: A finite element method was used to investigate the temperature influence on sound beams of the Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin. The numerical models of a dolphin, which originated from previous computed tomography (CT) scanning and physical measurement results, were used to investigate sound beam patterns of the dolphin in temperatures from 21 °C to 39 °C, in increments of 2 °C. The −3 dB beam widths across the temperatures ranged from 9.3° to 12.6°, and main beam angle ranged from 4.7° to 7.2° for these temperatures. The subsequent simulation suggested that the dolphin's sound beam patterns, side lobes in particular, were influenced by temperature.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.5006204
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Numerical modeling of acoustic propagation in Harbor porpoise’s ( Phocoena phocoena ) head
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2015
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 138, No. 3_Supplement ( 2015-09-01), p. 1789-1789
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 138, No. 3_Supplement ( 2015-09-01), p. 1789-1789
    Abstract: Harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) use narrow band echolocation signals for locating prey and spatial orientation. In this study, acoustic impedance values of tissues in the porpoise’s head were calculated from the Hounsfield Units (HU). A two-dimensional finite element model was set up base on the computed tomography (CT) scan data to simulate the acoustic propagation through animal’s head. The far field transmission beam pattern in the vertical plane and the waveforms of the receiving points around the forehead were compared with prior measurement results, the simulation results were qualitatively consistent with the measurement results. The role of the main structures in the head such as air sacs, melon and skull in the acoustic propagation was investigated. Additionally, the relative sound pressure level within the porpoise’s sonar field across the transitional near and far field was obtained to compare with the spherical spreading loss.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.4933672
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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