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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Risk Assessment and Classification of Day Reporting Center Clients : An Actuarial Approach
    SAGE Publications ; 2008
    In:  Criminal Justice and Behavior Vol. 35, No. 6 ( 2008-06), p. 792-812
    Details
    In: Criminal Justice and Behavior, SAGE Publications, Vol. 35, No. 6 ( 2008-06), p. 792-812
    Abstract: The day reporting center (DRC) has become an increasingly popular sentencing option in many states that are using more community-based alternatives to jail and prison sentences. To protect the community and improve the likelihood of rehabilitation, improving the quality of risk assessment and classification at the DRC is an essential task. In this regard, with data collected in Nebraska, the study sought to identify significant variables influencing both termination from a DRC program and recidivism. This study found that a number of significant risk and need variables (e.g., education, employment, and relapse prevention) had been overlooked by the current risk assessment. The authors provide an alternative risk assessment and classification scheme by calculating predictive probabilities of a client's termination and recidivism through the use of logistic regression models.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0093-8548 , 1552-3594
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0093854808315067
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2008
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Psychiatric Deinstitutionalization and Prison Population Growth : A Critical Literature Review and Its Implications
    SAGE Publications ; 2016
    In:  Criminal Justice Policy Review Vol. 27, No. 1 ( 2016-02), p. 3-21
    Details
    In: Criminal Justice Policy Review, SAGE Publications, Vol. 27, No. 1 ( 2016-02), p. 3-21
    Abstract: A substantial amount of research has been devoted to explaining the reasons behind the unprecedented explosion of U.S. prison populations. While the majority of prior studies related imprisonment to four factors—specifically crimes, changes in the labor markets, politics, and demographic changes—other relevant factors have not received as much attention. In the historical context of decreases in mental hospital populations resulting from psychiatric deinstitutionalization, imprisonment rates have skyrocketed nationwide since the late 1970s. This inverse relationship between both trends has called for prior research that empirically examines the impact of mental hospitalization on imprisonment, especially through the criminalization of mental illness. However, empirical findings are equivocal in general at the aggregate level. This article conducts a comprehensive and critical literature review, discusses the important conceptual and methodological limitations of the existing literature, and finally provides guidance for future research.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0887-4034 , 1552-3586
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0887403414547043
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2051883-3
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Using “Symbolic” SWAT Raids as a Crime Reduction Strategy: Are Their Effects “Instrumental” in Nature?
    SAGE Publications ; 2019
    In:  Criminal Justice Policy Review Vol. 30, No. 2 ( 2019-03), p. 176-200
    Details
    In: Criminal Justice Policy Review, SAGE Publications, Vol. 30, No. 2 ( 2019-03), p. 176-200
    Abstract: This study explores the instrumental function of hot spot policing. Although prior research has examined deterrent effects in crime hot spots, less is known about its citywide effects and varying effects across different types of crime and disorder. Also, there still exist gaps in the literature about what strategies are most likely to deter crime and disorder. Using data on crime and law enforcement in Buffalo, this study uses interrupted time-series models to determine whether symbolic Special Weapons and Tactics (SWAT) raids have any citywide impacts on drug arrests, calls for service, and different types of crimes. There is no evidence of a deterrent effect on drug arrests and calls for service. However, the SWAT intervention resulted in significant decreases in street crimes involving property (robberies and larcenies). Its crime control effects are mostly abrupt and temporary, but there are lingering effects of the intervention. Finally, implications of the results are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0887-4034 , 1552-3586
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0887403416664567
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2051883-3
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    An Evaluation of a Multiyear Gun Buy-Back Programme: Re-Examining the Impact on Violent Crimes
    SAGE Publications ; 2013
    In:  International Journal of Police Science & Management Vol. 15, No. 3 ( 2013-09), p. 246-261
    Details
    In: International Journal of Police Science & Management, SAGE Publications, Vol. 15, No. 3 ( 2013-09), p. 246-261
    Abstract: The purpose of this study is to examine gun buy-backs as a policy response to gun-related crime. It improves upon past studies by examining a city that has used multiple gun buy-backs as a standard crime prevention approach, allowing the multiple intervention points to be assessed. Further, the study examined crime data over a longer period and included a comparison group of similar crime trends without a gun. Total crime, homicide, robbery and assault data spanning several years are subject to an interrupted time-series analysis. Non-gun crimes served as control variables. Examining the first two intervention dates indicated that the gun buy-back programme had no impact on reducing crimes. Specifically, the gun buy-back programme in the study location reduced gun homicide levels, but results failed to reach statistical significance. When the third intervention date was examined, the gun buy-back programme resulted in a significant decrease in gun robbery levels, controlling for non-gun robbery levels and unemployment rates. The results for gun robbery suggest that gun buy-back programmes may take years to affect crime numbers, although future research is warranted.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1461-3557 , 1478-1603
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1350/ijps.2013.15.3.315
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2112649-5
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Punishment and Economic Inequality: Estimating Short-Term and Long-Term Equilibrium Relationships
    SAGE Publications ; 2017
    In:  Criminal Justice Policy Review Vol. 28, No. 7 ( 2017-08), p. 641-668
    Details
    In: Criminal Justice Policy Review, SAGE Publications, Vol. 28, No. 7 ( 2017-08), p. 641-668
    Abstract: During the post–World War II (WWII) period, U.S. prison populations and economic inequality have historically shared a common trend. Both indexes were low and fairly stable until the early 1970s, but afterward, they rose significantly. In the context of the prison boom and high economic inequality, such a meaningful coincidence that both variables follow the same trend calls for the present study examining their historical long-term relationship. With annual national data from 1950-2010, this study uses time-series regression techniques within a co-integration and error-correction framework. Although estimated results are sensitive to the model specification used in parameter estimation, there are in general both short-term and long-term equilibrium relationships between the two variables. Finally, this study concludes with a discussion of implications for policy development and future research.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0887-4034 , 1552-3586
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0887403415608491
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2017
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Exploring Officer-Involved Shootings With Interaction Effects: A Deeper Understanding of How Race/Ethnicity Interacts With Other Factors in the Use of Deadly Force
    SAGE Publications ; 2021
    In:  Criminal Justice and Behavior Vol. 48, No. 6 ( 2021-06), p. 755-775
    Details
    In: Criminal Justice and Behavior, SAGE Publications, Vol. 48, No. 6 ( 2021-06), p. 755-775
    Abstract: There has been a substantial body of research examining the reasons behind the police officers’ use of deadly force. Little research has been done to examine how race and ethnicity interact with other factors in the use of deadly force. With data collected in Dallas, Texas, the present study examines the influence of individual, situational, and neighborhood characteristics on officers’ decision to use deadly force. The present study also provides an alternative approach to logistic regression models by estimating predictive probabilities of officers shooting at citizens. The results show that when officers make decisions to shoot at citizens, situational factors are more important than demographic and neighborhood factors. Interactive effects constructed based on the race/ethnicity of the police officer and citizen showed almost no influence on the decision to shoot at a citizen. Finally, the present study concludes with a discussion of implications for policy development and future research.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0093-8548 , 1552-3594
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0093854821997529
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1500128-3
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  • 7
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    The COVID-19 Pandemic, Stay-at-Home Orders, and Gun Violence: A Story of Two Cities
    SAGE Publications ; 2022
    In:  Criminal Justice Policy Review Vol. 33, No. 7 ( 2022-08), p. 711-731
    Details
    In: Criminal Justice Policy Review, SAGE Publications, Vol. 33, No. 7 ( 2022-08), p. 711-731
    Abstract: This study examines the impact of the pandemic on gun violence in Philadelphia and Washington DC. Interrupted time-series analysis is used to examine weekly data from January 2017 to March 2021. Robust diagnostic checks confirm the validity of the fitted models. There were significant increases in gun violence during the pandemic, especially in the staged relaxation of social distancing. The timing of the increases in gun violence varies by location and fatality. Criminal justice agencies should place more attention and reallocate resources on gun violence in a timely manner in the volatile state of the nation. Finally, this study concludes with a discussion of the findings, limitations, and implications for future research.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0887-4034 , 1552-3586
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/08874034221088742
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 8
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    When COVID-19 and guns meet: A rise in shootings
    Elsevier BV ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Criminal Justice Vol. 73 ( 2021-03), p. 101783-
    Details
    In: Journal of Criminal Justice, Elsevier BV, Vol. 73 ( 2021-03), p. 101783-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0047-2352
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2021.101783
    RVK:
    PH 178
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2013351-0
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  • 9
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    Prison Privatization: An Empirical Literature Review and Path Forward
    SAGE Publications ; 2022
    In:  International Criminal Justice Review Vol. 32, No. 1 ( 2022-03), p. 24-47
    Details
    In: International Criminal Justice Review, SAGE Publications, Vol. 32, No. 1 ( 2022-03), p. 24-47
    Abstract: A substantial body of literature has been devoted to examine the efficacy of prison privatization. Unfortunately, the empirical findings to date are equivocal regarding whether prison privatization fulfills its promises and our expectations of cost efficiency, prison quality, postrelease success, nonprofit prison privatization, system-wide improvement in corrections, local economic development, and determinants of privatizing prisons. Such inconclusive evidence may result from the shortcomings of past research, and thus there is a continuing need for more work using a wide range of data sources and research designs. This article conducts a review of empirical research, discusses conceptual and methodological problems in the literature, and offers guidance for future research. It may not only stimulate additional research but also inform public policy decision-making on prison privatization.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1057-5677 , 1556-3855
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/1057567719875791
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2187661-7
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Use of Critical Time Intervention (CTI) to Promote Continuity of Reintegration After Incarceration
    SAGE Publications ; 2021
    In:  Criminal Justice Review Vol. 46, No. 3 ( 2021-09), p. 281-303
    Details
    In: Criminal Justice Review, SAGE Publications, Vol. 46, No. 3 ( 2021-09), p. 281-303
    Abstract: Critical time intervention (CTI) is a time-limited intervention originally designed to provide the continuity of support for homeless and mentally ill people released from an institution to community living. This study offers theoretical foundations for adopting CTI in the field of criminal justice. Through the lens of CTI, this study examines the needs of prisoners returning to the community, discusses the challenges faced by reentry practitioners in offering support and assistance to ex-prisoners in the community, and provides specific suggestions. This study uses focus groups and individual interviews to assess the needs, obstacles, and opportunities ex-prisoners have or face in the community, as perceived by returning prisoners and practitioners, which leads to a more in-depth understanding of the prisoner reentry process.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0734-0168 , 1556-3839
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0734016820958139
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2187435-9
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